1,159 research outputs found
Impact of 24 weeks of strength training coupled to endurance training on endurance performance (hero dolomites 2019)
Despite reports are still equivocal, in recent years different studies reported how strength training could impact positively on endurance performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a long-term strength coupled to endurance training protocol in comparison with endurance training protocol on cycling performance. 14 trained amateurs' cyclists (males; 27,03 ± 3,75 years; 177,15 ± 5,69 cm; 69,67 ± 8,53 kg; 22,2 ± 1,67 BMI) that completed the Hero Dolomites 2018 competition and signed to the 2019 edition (86 km, 4500 m) participated to the study. 7 of them (treated) followed a 24 weeks strength training coupled to endurance training program to increase performance, the other (untreated) followed their endurance training routines without any specific resistance training protocol. FTP (Functional Threshold Power) test and 1RM (One Repetition Maximum) test (barbell squat and leg press 45°) were planned at week 1, week 8, week 16 and week 24. 2019 race times were compared to 2018 once. Treated individuals showed increased strength (barbell squat: +29,7 ± 7,8 kg; leg press 45°: +53,5 ± 13,1 kg) and FTP (+23,2 ± 9,3 W) from week 1 to week 24. Both treated and untreated individuals improved their race time from 2018 to 2019 (treated: -51,4 ± 24,6 m; untreated: -11,8 ± 14,4 m). Treated individuals improved significantly race time from 2018 compared to untreated individuals (p<0,05). Structured and periodized strength sessions can be incorporated and maintained for the entire duration of a 24 weeks training program impacting positively on endurance performance
Everesting challenge attempt strategy: A case study
The Everesting challenge (repeat any hill, anywhere in the world, until you climb an altitude of 8848 m; the equivalent of M. Everest) is becoming an increasingly popular challenge. The physical and metabolic stress to which the body is exposed during this type of exercise is unusual and it is also particularly challenging for coaches, trainers and sport nutritionists. The aim of this study is to analyse the parameters and key details necessary to optimize a 10-week training protocol for an ultra-endurance performance like the Everesting challenge. An ex-élite cyclist, trained individual (male; 26 years; 181 cm; 71,7 kg; 21,9 BMI) followed a 10 weeks training and nutrition program to reach his peak performance and attempt the challenge. Body composition analysis checks (body weight, body circumferences, skinfold thickness and bioimpedance analysis) and performance tests (Conconi, Functional Threshold Power, Maximum Lactate Steady State) were planned at week 1, 5 and 10. After 10 weeks FTP increased from 245 to 267 W and at MLSS from 252 W to 270 W. Body weight decreased from 71,7 kg to 68,3 kg and body fat from 10,7% to 6,8 % (Jackson-Pollock 7 sites). The individual was able to accomplish the Everesting challenge concluding his ride in 13h34m27s, average power 162 W, average heart rate 139 bpm, 7685 kcal consumed. 10 weeks of strategically planned nutrition and training program may be sufficient to prepare an élite athlete or a well-trained individual to attempt an ultra-endurance challenge like the Everesting
The detailed mechanism of the eta production in pp scattering up to the Tlab = 4.5 GeV
Contrary to very early beliefs, the experimental cross section data for the
eta production in proton-proton scattering are well described if pi and only
eta meson exchange diagrams are used to calculate the Born term. The inclusion
of initial and final state interactions is done in the factorization
approximation by using the inverse square of the Jost function. The two body
Jost functions are obtained from the S matrices in the low energy effective
range approximation. The danger of double counting in the p-eta final state
interaction is discussed. It is shown that higher partial waves in
meson-nucleon amplitudes do not contribute significantly bellow excess energy
of Q=100 MeV. Known difficulties of reducing the multi resonance model to a
single resonance one are illustrated.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, corrected typos in relation (3), changed content
(added section with differential cross sections
The emerging role of ferroptosis in liver cancers
: Liver cancer represents a global health challenge with worldwide growth. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of liver cancer. Indeed, approximately 90% of HCC cases have a low survival rate. Moreover, cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is another malignant solid tumor originating from cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of the biliary system. It is the second-most common primary liver tumor, with an increasing course in morbidity and mortality. Tumor cells always show high metabolic levels, antioxidant modifications, and an increased iron uptake to maintain unlimited growth. In recent years, alterations in iron metabolism have been shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. Several findings show that a diet rich in iron can enhance HCC risk. Hence, elevated iron concentration inside the cell may promote the development of HCC. Growing evidence sustains that activating ferroptosis may potentially block the proliferation of HCC cells. Even in CC, it has been shown that ferroptosis plays a crucial role in the treatment of tumors. Several data confirmed the inhibitory effect in cell growth of photodynamic therapy (PDT) that can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CC, leading to an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH). MDA and GSH depletion/modulation are crucial in inducing ferroptosis, suggesting that PDT may have the potential to induce this kind of cell death through these ways. A selective induction of programmed cell death in cancer cells is one of the main treatments for malignant tumors; thus, ferroptosis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy against HCC and CC
Phenomenology of pp->pp eta reaction close to threshold
The recent high statistics measurement of the pp -> pp eta reaction at an
excess energy Q=15.5 MeV has been analysed by means of partial wave
decomposition of the cross section. Guided by the dominance of the final state
1S0 pp interaction (FSI), we keep only terms involving the FSI enhancement
factor. The measured p-p and p-eta effective mass spectra can be well
reproduced by lifting the standard on-shell approximation in the enhancement
factor and by allowing for a linear energy dependence in the leading 3P0->1S0,s
partial wave amplitude. Higher partial waves seem to play only a marginal role
In vitro cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and Lentinula edodes in lignocellulosic residues from Amazon
The mycelial growth speed of Pleurotus ostreatus (POS 09/100) and Lentinula edodes (LED 96/13) was evaluated in four substrates based on Simarouba amara sawdust, Anacardium giganteum sawdust, Euterpe precatoria seeds and Musa sp. AAB stems. The loss of organic matter of the substrates and the mycelial vigor of the strains studied were also evaluated. The greatest mycelial growth for P. ostreatus occurred in the substrates formulated with S. amara sawdust (29.45 cm3/day) and A. giganteum (27.58 cm3/day). The best performance for L. edodes occurred in the substrate of A. giganteum (13.22 cm3/day), followed by the S. amara (11.30 cm3/day). The most intense rates of vigor were presented in the E. precatoria substrate which was added with brans. The most significant loss of organic matter for both mushrooms occurred in the substrate formulated with a supplement of A. giganteum (54% for P. ostreatus and 61% for L. edodes). There was no mycelial growth in the formulation prepared with banana stem in both mushrooms tested.Key words: Edible fungi, mycelial growth, alternative substrates
Targeting COX-2/PGE(2) pathway in HIPK2 knockdown cancer cells: impact on dendritic cell maturation.
production after HIPK2 depletion and how to modulate it./VEGF production. At translational level, while conditioned media of both siRNA control and HIPK2 depleted cells inhibited DCs maturation, conditioned media of only zinc-treated HIPK2 depleted cells efficiently restored DCs maturation, seen as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, cytokine IL-10 release, and STAT3 phosphorylation./VEGF production; and 3) zinc treatment of HIPK2 depleted cells restored DCs maturation
Sex differences in mathematics and reading achievement are inversely related: within- and across-nation assessment of 10 years of PISA data
We analyzed one decade of data collected by the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), including the mathematics and reading performance of nearly 1.5 million 15 year olds in 75 countries. Across nations, boys scored higher than girls in mathematics, but lower than girls in reading. The sex difference in reading was three times as large as in mathematics. There was considerable variation in the extent of the sex differences between nations. There are countries without a sex difference in mathematics performance, and in some countries girls scored higher than boys. Boys scored lower in reading in all nations in all four PISA assessments (2000, 2003, 2006, 2009). Contrary to several previous studies, we found no evidence that the sex differences were related to nations’ gender equality indicators. Further, paradoxically, sex differences in mathematics were consistently and strongly inversely correlated with sex differences in reading: Countries with a smaller sex difference in mathematics had a larger sex difference in reading and vice versa. We demonstrate that this was not merely a between-nation, but also a within-nation effect. This effect is related to relative changes in these sex differences across the performance continuum: We did not find a sex difference in mathematics among the lowest performing students, but this is where the sex difference in reading was largest. In contrast, the sex difference in mathematics was largest among the higher performing students, and this is where the sex difference in reading was smallest. The implication is that if policy makers decide that changes in these sex differences are desired, different approaches will be needed to achieve this for reading and mathematics. Interventions that focus on high-achieving girls in mathematics and on low achieving boys in reading are likely to yield the strongest educational benefits
Ellagic acid inhibits bladder cancer invasiveness and in vivo tumor growth
Ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound that can be found as a naturally occurring hydrolysis product of ellagitannins in pomegranates, berries, grapes, green tea and nuts. Previous studies have reported the antitumor properties of EA mainly using in vitro models. No data are available about EA influence on bladder cancer cell invasion of the extracellular matrix triggered by vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), an angiogenic factor associated with disease progression and recurrence, and tumor growth in vivo. In this study, we have investigated EA activity against four different human bladder cancer cell lines (i.e., T24, UM-UC-3, 5637 and HT-1376) by in vitro proliferation tests (measuring metabolic and foci forming activity), invasion and chemotactic assays in response to VEGF-A and in vivo preclinical models in nude mice. Results indicate that EA exerts anti-proliferative effects as a single agent and enhances the antitumor activity of mitomycin C, which is commonly used for the treatment of bladder cancer. EA also inhibits tumor invasion and chemotaxis, specifically induced by VEGF-A, and reduces VEGFR-2 expression. Moreover, EA down-regulates the expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint involved in immune escape. EA in vitro activity was confirmed by the results of in vivo studies showing a significant reduction of the growth rate, infiltrative behavior and tumor-associated angiogenesis of human bladder cancer xenografts. In conclusion, these results suggest that EA may have a potential role as an adjunct therapy for bladder cancer
Identification of 17 novel mutations in 40 Argentinean unrelated families with mucopolysaccharidosis type II (Hunter syndrome)
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by deficiency of the enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). The human IDS gene is located in chromosome Xq28. This is the first report of genotype and phenotype characterization of 49 Hunter patients from40 families of Argentina. Thirty different alleles have been identified, and 57%were novel. The frequency of de novomutationswas 10%. Overall, the percentage of private mutations in our series was 75%.Facultad de Ciencias Exacta
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