ЯКІСНІ ЗМІНИ ФАКТОРІВ ВИРОБНИЦТВА В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ

Goal. Investigate the state and qualitative changes of the means of production, labor and production relations in the digital economy. Methodology. In the research process, general scientific research methods, abstraction and concretization were used; system analysis. Results. The features of production factors and the state of production relations in the transition to a digital economy are generalized, the features of the formation of human capital, generalized new requirements for labor are identified. Scientific novelty. The relationship of technological changes in the means of production and the characteristics of the formation of industrial relations in the digital economy is revealed. Practical significance. It is advisable to use recommendations on the direction of human capital, the development of industrial relations, and social protection when developing development strategies at different levels of the national economy.Мета. Дослідити стан  та якісні зміни засобів виробництва, робочої сили і виробничих відносин в цифровій економіці. Методика. В процесі дослідження використані загальнонаукові методи дослідження, абстрагування і конкретизація; системний аналіз. Результати. Узагальнено особливості факторів виробництва і стан виробничих відносин в умовах переходу до цифрової економіки, виявлено особливості формування людського капіталу, узагальнено нові вимоги до робочої сили.  Наукова новизна. Узагальнено взаємозв'язок технологічних змін у засобах виробництва і особливостей формування виробничих відносин в цифровій економіці. Практична значимість. Рекомендації щодо спрямування людського капіталу, розвитку виробничих відносин,  соціального захисту доцільно використовувати при розробці стратегій розвитку на різних рівнях національної економіки

Balancing torques in membrane-mediated interactions: Exact results and numerical illustrations

Torques on interfaces can be described by a divergence-free tensor which is fully encoded in the geometry. This tensor consists of two terms, one originating in the couple of the stress, the other capturing an intrinsic contribution due to curvature. In analogy to the description of forces in terms of a stress tensor, the torque on a particle can be expressed as a line integral along any contour surrounding the particle. Interactions between particles mediated by a fluid membrane are studied within this framework. In particular, torque balance places a strong constraint on the shape of the membrane. Symmetric two-particle configurations admit simple analytical expressions which are valid in the fully nonlinear regime; in particular, the problem may be solved exactly in the case of two membrane-bound parallel cylinders. This apparently simple system provides some flavor of the remarkably subtle nonlinear behavior associated with membrane-mediated interactions.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, REVTeX4 style. The Gaussian curvature term was included in the membrane Hamiltonian; section II.B was rephrased to smoothen the flow of presentatio

Topological surface state under graphene for two-dimensional spintronics in air

Spin currents which allow for a dissipationless transport of information can be generated by electric fields in semiconductor heterostructures in the presence of a Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling. The largest Rashba effects occur for electronic surface states of metals but these cannot exist but under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Here, we reveal a giant Rashba effect ({\alpha}_R ~ 1.5E-10 eVm) on a surface state of Ir(111). We demonstrate that its spin splitting and spin polarization remain unaffected when Ir is covered with graphene. The graphene protection is, in turn, sufficient for the spin-split surface state to survive in ambient atmosphere. We discuss this result along with evidences for a topological protection of the surface state.Comment: includes supplementary informatio

Anisotropic effect of warping on the lifetime broadening of topological surface states in angle-resolved photoemission from Bi2 Te3

We analyze the strong hexagonal warping of the Dirac cone of Bi2Te3 by angle- resolved photoemission. Along Γ¯¯¯M¯¯¯, the dispersion deviates from a linear behavior meaning that the Dirac cone is warped outwards and not inwards. We show that this introduces an anisotropy in the lifetime broadening of the topological surface state which is larger along Γ¯¯¯K¯¯¯. The result is not consistent with an explanation by nesting properties. Based on the theoretically predicted modifications of the ground-state spin texture of a strongly warped Dirac cone, we propose spin-dependent scattering processes as explanation for the anisotropic scattering rates. These results could help paving the way for optimizing future spintronic devices using topological insulators and controlling surface-scattering processes via external gate voltages

Simulation of Auger decay dynamics in the hard X-ray regime: HCl as a showcase

Auger decay after photoexcitation or photoemission of an electron from a deep inner shell in the hard X-ray regime can be rather complex, implying a multitude of phenomena such as multiple-step cascades, post-collision interaction (PCI), and electronic state-lifetime interference. Furthermore, in a molecule nuclear motion can also be triggered. Here we discuss a comprehensive theoretical method which allows us to analyze in great detail Auger spectra measured around an inner-shell ionization threshold. HCl photoexcited or photoionized around the deep Cl 1s threshold is chosen as a showcase. Our method allows calculating Auger cross sections considering the nature of the ground, intermediate and final states (bound or dissociative), and the evolution of the relaxation process, including both electron and nuclear dynamics. In particular, we show that we can understand and reproduce a so-called experimental 2D-map, consisting of a series of resonant Auger spectra measured at different photon energies, therefore obtaining a detailed picture of all above-mentioned dynamical phenomena at once

Inverse spectral problems for Sturm-Liouville operators with singular potentials

The inverse spectral problem is solved for the class of Sturm-Liouville operators with singular real-valued potentials from the space $W^{-1}_2(0,1)$. The potential is recovered via the eigenvalues and the corresponding norming constants. The reconstruction algorithm is presented and its stability proved. Also, the set of all possible spectral data is explicitly described and the isospectral sets are characterized.Comment: Submitted to Inverse Problem

Nonisospectral integrable nonlinear equations with external potentials and their GBDT solutions

Auxiliary systems for matrix nonisospectral equations, including coupled NLS with external potential and KdV with variable coefficients, were introduced. Explicit solutions of nonisospectral equations were constructed using the GBDT version of the B\"acklund-Darboux transformation

Ultrafast nuclear dynamics in the doubly-core-ionized water molecule observed via Auger spectroscopy

We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the Auger-emission spectrum following double core ionization and excitation of gas-phase water molecules with hard-x-ray synchrotron radiation above the O K−2 threshold. We observe an indication of ultrafast proton motion occurring within the 1.5 fs lifetime of the double-core-hole (DCH) states in water. Furthermore, we have identified symmetric and antisymmetric dissociation modes characteristic for particular DCH states. Our results serve as a fundamental reference for state-of-the-art studies of DCH dynamic processes in liquid water both at synchrotron and free-electron-laser facilities