7,056 research outputs found
Pitot-Pressure Measurements in Flow Fields Behind a Rectangular Nozzle with Exhaust Jet for Free-Stream Mach Numbers of 0.00, 0.60, and 1.20
An investigation has been conducted in the Langley 16-Foot Transonic Tunnel to measure the flow field in and around the jet exhaust from a nonaxisymmetric nozzle configuration. The nozzle had a rectangular exit with a width-to-height ratio of 2.38. Pitot-pressure measurements were made at five longitudinal locations downstream of the nozzle exit. The maximum distance downstream of the exit was about 5 nozzle heights. These measurements were made at free-stream Mach numbers of 0.00, 0.60, and 1.20 with the nozzle operating at a ratio of nozzle total pressure to free-stream static pressure of 4.0. The jet exhaust was simulated with high-pressure air that had an exit total temperature essentially equal to the free-stream total temperature
Exercise rehabilitation for recovery from critical illness (Protocol)
Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.
As part of an ongoing research education programme.This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows:
The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of exercise rehabilitation programmes, initiated after ICU discharge, on improving functional exercise capacity and quality of life in adult ICU survivors who have been mechanically ventilated for more than 24 hours.
We will compare an exercise intervention to any other intervention or a control or 'usual care' programme. Exercise includes any structured or taught programmes. Respiratory or inspiratory muscle training is excluded due to it being initiated within the ICU environment, for example with weaning from a ventilator, and not as post-discharge rehabilitation as required for this review.sch_phyAngus 1997
Angus, DC. Understanding the incidence and long-term outcomes
of ARDS. In: Gullo, A editor(s). Anaesthesia, pain, intensive care
and emergency medicine: a scientific report. Berlin Heidelberg New
York: Springer, 1997:289-98.
Angus 2003
Angus DC, Carlet J, Brussels Roundtable 2002 Participants.
Surviving intensive care: a report from the 2002 Brussels
Roundtable. Intensive Care Medicine 2003;29(3):368-77.
[PUBMED: 12536269 ]
Baumgartner 1999
Baumgartner WA,Walinsky PL, Salazar JD, Tseng EE, Brock MV,
Doty JR, et al.Assessing the impact of cerebral injury after cardiac
surgery: will determining the mechanism reduce the injury?. The
Annals of Thoracic Surgery 1999;67(6):1871-3. [PUBMED:
10391329]
Brown 1990
Brown AB, McCartney N, Sale DG. Positive adaptation to weightlifting
in the elderly. Journal of Applied Physiology 1990;69(5):
1725-33. [PUBMED: 2272965]
Burtin 2009
Burtin C, Clerckx B, Robbeets C, Ferdinande P, Langer D,
Troosters T, et al.Early exercise in critically ill patients enhances
short-term functional recovery. Critical Care Medicine 2009;37(9):
2499-505. [PUBMED: 19623052]
Chaboyer 2003
Chaboyer W, Grace J. Following the path of ICU survivors: a
quality improvement activity. Nursing in Critical Care 2003;8(4):
149-55. [PUBMED: 12940690]
Eddleston 2000
Eddleston J, White P, Guthrie E. Survival, morbidity, and quality of
life after discharge from intensive care. Critical Care Medicine 2000;
28(7):2293-9. [PUBMED: 10921555]
Elliott 2006
Elliott D, McKinley S, Alison J, Aitken L, King M. Study protocol:
Home-based rehabilitation for survivors of a critical illness. Critical
Care 2006;10(3):R90. [PUBMED: 16792792 ]
Fiatarone 1994
Fiatarone MA, O'Neill EF, Ryan ND, Clements KM, Solares GR,
Nelson ME, et al.Exercise training and nutritional supplementation
for physical frailty in very elderly people. New England Journal of
Medicine 1994;330(25):1769-75. [PUBMED: 8190152]
Fletcher 2003
Fletcher S, Kennedy D, Ghosh I, Misra V, Kiff K, et al.Persistant
neuromuscular and neurophysiological abnormalities in long-term
survivors of prolonged critical illness. Critical Care Medicine 2003;
31(4):1012-6. [PUBMED: 12682465]
Frank 2000
Frank M, Schlapfer H, Otte B, Yasikoff N, Conzelmann M. Results
of neurorehabilitation. An outcome study 20 months after stroke.
Praxis 2000;89(44):1799-808. [PUBMED: 11109917]
Gill 2002
Gill TM, Baker DI, Gottschalk M, Peduzzi PN, Allore H, Byers A.
A program to prevent functional decline in physically frail, elderly
persons who live at home. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;
347(14):1068-74. [PUBMED: 12362007]
Grimby 1986
Grimby G. Physical activity and muscle training in the elderly. Acta
Medica Scandinavica. Supplementum. 1986;711:233-7.
[PUBMED: 3535411]
Guyatt 2008
Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Kunz R, Vist GE, Falck-Ytter Y,
Schunemann HJ, et al.What is quality of evidence- and why is it
important to clinicians?. BMJ 2008;336:995-8. [PUBMED:
18456631]
Higgins 2008
Higgins JPT, Green S, editors. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic
Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1 [updated September 2008].
Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org: The Cochrane
Collaboration, 2008.
Iversen 2003
Iversen MD, Fossel AH, Katz JN. Enhancing function in older
adults with chronic low back pain: a pilot study of endurance
training. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2003;84
(9):1324-31. [PUBMED: 13680569]
Jolliffe 2001
Jolliffe J, Rees K, Taylor RRS, Thompson DR, Oldridge N,
Ebrahim S. Exercise-based rehabilitation for coronary heart disease.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2001, Issue 1. [DOI:
10.1002/14651858.CD001800.]
King 1998
King J, Crowe J. Mobilisation practices in Canadian critical care
units. Physiotherapy Canada 1998;50(3):206-11. [MEDLINE:
0346574]
Kouidi 2002
Kouidi E. Exercise training in dialysis patients: why, when, and
how?. Artificial Organs 2002;26(12):1009-13. [PUBMED:
12460377]
Krishnan 2002
Krishnan KR, Delong M, Kraemer H, Carney R, Spiegel D,
Gordon C, et al.Comorbidity of depression with other medical
diseases in the elderly. Biological Psychiatry 2002;52(6):559-88.
[PUBMED: 12361669]
Lavie 2009
Lavie CJ, Thomas RJ, Squires RW, Allison TG, Milani RV. Exercise
training and cardiac rehabilitation in primary and secondary
prevention of coronary heart disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2009;
84(4):373-83. [PUBMED: 19339657]
Lewis 2003
Lewis M. Intensive care unit rehabilitation within the United
Kingdom: a review. Physiotherapy 2003;89(9):531-8. [DOI:
10.1016/S0031-9406(05)60179-4]
Martin 2005
Martin M, Salim A, Murray J, Demetriades D, Belzberg H, Rhee P.
The decreasing incidence and mortality of acute respiratory distress
syndrome after injury: a 5-year observational study. Journal of
Trauma 2005;50(5):1107-13. [PUBMED: 16385287]
Mazzeo 2001
Mazzeo RS, Tanaka H. Exercise prescription for the elderly: current
recommendations. Sports Medicine 2001;31(11):809-18.
[PUBMED: 11583105]
Miller 2002
Miller MD, Crotty M, Giles LC, Bannerman E, Whitehead C,
Cobiac L, et al.Corrected arm muscle area: an independent
predictor of long-term mortality in community dwelling older
adults?. Journal of the America Geriatrics Society 2002;50(7):
1272-7. [PUBMED: 12133024]
Paffenbarger 1986
Paffenbarger RS, Hyde RT, Wing AL, Hseih CC. Physical activity,
all-cause mortality, and longevity of college alumni. New England
Journal of Medicine 1986;314(10):605-13. [PUBMED: 3945246]
Puhan 2006
Puhan MA, Busching G, Schunemann HJ, VanOort E, Zaugg C,
Frey M. Interval versus continuous high-intensity exercise in
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomized trial. Annals
of Internal Medicine 2006;145(11):816-25. [PUBMED:
17146066]
Rantanen 2000
Rantanen T, Harris T, Leveille SG, Visser M, Foley D, et al.Muscle
strength and body mass index as long-term predictors of mortality
in initially healthy men. Journal of Gerontology. Series A: Biological
Sciences and Medical Sciences 2000;55(3):M168-73. [PUBMED:
10795731]
RevMan 5.0
The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration.
Review Manager (RevMan). 5.0. Copenhagen: The Nordic
Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2008.
Schweickert 2009
Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman AS, Nigos C, Pawlik AJ,
Esbrook CL, et al.Early physical and occupational therapy in
mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised
controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373(epub):1874-82. [PUBMED:
19446324]
Smith 2006
Smith TP, Kennedy SL, Smith M, Orent S, Fleshner M.
Physiological improvements and health benefits during an exercisebased
comprehensive rehabilitation program in medically complex
patients. Exercise Immunology Review 2006;12:86-96. [PUBMED:
17201074]
Stiller 2000
Stiller K. Physiotherapy in intensive care: toward an evidence-based
practice. Chest 2000;118(6):1801-13. [PUBMED: 11115476]
Storch 2008
Storch EK, Kruszynski DM. From rehabilitation to optimal
function: role of clinical exercise therapy. Current Opinion in
Critcal Care 2008;14(4):451-5. [PUBMED: 18614911]
Wiles 2009
Wiles L, Stiller K. Passive limb movements for patients in an
intensive care unit: A survey of physiotherapy practice in Australia.
Journal of Critical Care 2009;epub:ahead of print. [PUBMED:
19819105]
Yoshida 1999
Yoshida T, Kohzuki M, Yoshida K, Hiwatari M, Kamimoto M,
Yamamoto C, et al.Physical and psychological improvements after
phase II cardiac rehabilitation in patients with myocardial
infarction. Nursing & Health Sciences 1999;1(3):163-70.
[PUBMED: 10894639]
Indicates the major publication for the study8pub1756pubArt.
'It all hinges around background doesn't it?' The experiences of pupils in grammar schools who are considered to be from disadvantaged backgrounds- a mixed methods study.
The present government suggests that grammar schools are a means of achieving upward social mobility (USM) for young people identified as both disadvantaged and high academic achievers (Gorard & Siddiqui, 2018). It appears keen on extending the current grammar school provision based upon this rationale, as evidenced by the creation of the Selective Schools Expansion Fund (DfE, 2018).
Existing literature that examines adults who have experienced USM concludes that whilst conferring some benefits it can also result in psychological stress (Friedman, 2014, 2016, Manstead, 2018, Reay, Crozier & Clayton, 2009, 2010). Research thus far around grammar schools has focussed primarily upon whether those identified as disadvantaged have as much chance of attending as ‘non- disadvantaged’ peers, or upon the academic outcomes of attendance. Less has been explored concerning the first-person experiences of disadvantaged students who access grammar schools, and potentially experience USM.
Using eligibility for free school meals (eFSM) as a proxy indicator for disadvantage, this research examined the experiences of 6 participants who were either past or present grammar school students who were eFSM. There were two phases of data collection, the first being the completion of a repertory grid (Kelly, 1956), and the second being an individualised semi- structured interview, informed by a Slater (1977) analysis of each participant’s grid. A thematic analysis was then conducted across the interview data of all participants.
Five themes and their relationship to each other suggest that grammar schools may offer some benefits upon disadvantaged pupils who attend, such as increasing aspirations via exposure to other, more affluent peers. However, this may come at the price of accepting a stigmatising narrative concerning one’s own more modest background and result in behaviours that seek to conceal and hide this background, as students explore their identity at the boundary of two social fields.
The findings raise ethical considerations regarding the potential cost of social mobility for some. Factors which may contribute to pupil resiliency as they navigate life between their home and school environments are also explored, and implications for EP practice at both the school level and at a policy level are considered
Compton Scattering in Ultra-Strong Magnetic Fields: Numerical and Analytical Behavior in the Relativistic Regime
This paper explores the effects of strong magnetic fields on the Compton
scattering of relativistic electrons. Recent studies of upscattering and energy
loss by relativistic electrons that have used the non-relativistic, magnetic
Thomson cross section for resonant scattering or the Klein-Nishina cross
section for non-resonant scattering do not account for the relativistic quantum
effects of strong fields ( G). We have derived a
simplified expression for the exact QED scattering cross section for the
broadly-applicable case where relativistic electrons move along the magnetic
field. To facilitate applications to astrophysical models, we have also
developed compact approximate expressions for both the differential and total
polarization-dependent cross sections, with the latter representing well the
exact total QED cross section even at the high fields believed to be present in
environments near the stellar surfaces of Soft Gamma-Ray Repeaters and
Anomalous X-Ray Pulsars. We find that strong magnetic fields significantly
lower the Compton scattering cross section below and at the resonance, when the
incident photon energy exceeds in the electron rest frame. The cross
section is strongly dependent on the polarization of the final scattered
photon. Below the cyclotron fundamental, mostly photons of perpendicular
polarization are produced in scatterings, a situation that also arises above
this resonance for sub-critical fields. However, an interesting discovery is
that for super-critical fields, a preponderance of photons of parallel
polarization results from scatterings above the cyclotron fundamental. This
characteristic is both a relativistic and magnetic effect not present in the
Thomson or Klein-Nishina limits.Comment: AASTeX format, 31 pages included 7 embedded figures, accepted for
publication in The Astrophysical Journa
Data reduction formulas for the 16-foot transonic tunnel: NASA Langley Research Center, revision 2
The equations used by the 16-Foot Transonic Wind Tunnel in the data reduction programs are presented in nine modules. Each module consists of equations necessary to achieve a specific purpose. These modules are categorized in the following groups: (1) tunnel parameters; (2) jet exhaust measurements; (3) skin friction drag; (4) balance loads and model attitudes calculations; (5) internal drag (or exit-flow distribution); (6) pressure coefficients and integrated forces; (7) thrust removal options; (8) turboprop options; and (9) inlet distortion
- …