1,002 research outputs found

    SPAR improved structure/fluid dynamic analysis capability

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    The capability of analyzing a coupled dynamic system of flowing fluid and elastic structure was added to the SPAR computer code. A method, developed and adopted for use in SPAR utilizes the existing assumed stress hybrid plan element in SPAR. An operational mode was incorporated in SPAR which provides the capability for analyzing the flaw of a two dimensional, incompressible, viscous fluid within rigid boundaries. Equations were developed to provide for the eventual analysis of the interaction of such fluids with an elastic solid

    Rapport: Its Essence and Institution in the Classroom

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    A hybrid-stress finite element for linear anisotropic elasticity

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    Standard assumed displacement finite elements with anisotropic material properties perform poorly in complex stress fields such as combined bending and shear and combined bending and torsion. A set of three dimensional hybrid-stress brick elements were developed with fully anisotropic material properties. Both eight-node and twenty-node bricks were developed based on the symmetry group theory of Punch and Atluri. An eight-node brick was also developed using complete polynomials and stress basis functions and reducing the order of the resulting stress parameter matrix by applying equilibrium constraints and stress compatibility constraints. Here the stress compatibility constraints must be formulated assuming anisotropic material properties. The performance of these elements was examined in numerical examples covering a broad range of stress distributions. The stress predictions show significant improvement over the assumed displacement elements but the calculation time is increased

    Spatial autocorrelation in biology 1. Methodology

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/74811/1/j.1095-8312.1978.tb00013.x.pd

    Spatial autocorrelation in biology 2. Some biological implications and four applications of evolutionary and ecological interest

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    Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72158/1/j.1095-8312.1978.tb00014.x.pd

    Letter to the Editor

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    Language-Naive Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Judge Relations Between Relations in a Conceptual Matching-to-Sample Task

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    Three chimpanzees with a history of conditional and numeric token training spontaneously matched relations between relations under conditions of nondifferential reinforcement. Heretofore, this conceptual ability was demonstrated only in language-trained chimpanzees. The performance levels of the language-naive animals in this study, however, were equivalent to those of a 4th animal—Sarah—whose history included language training and analogical problem solving. There was no evidence that associative factors mediated successful performance in any of the animals. Prior claims of a profound disparity between language-trained and language-naive chimpanzees apparently can be attributed to prior experience with arbitrary tokens consistently associated with abstract relations and not language per se

    High-Throughput Screening of Shape Memory Alloy Thin-Film Spreads using Nanoindentation

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    We have demonstrated the utility of nanoindentation as a rapid characterization tool for mapping shape memoryalloy compositions in combinatorial thin-film libraries. Nanoindentation was performed on Ni–Mn–Al ternary composition spreads. The indentation hardness and the reduced elastic modulus were mapped across a large fraction of the ternary phase diagram. The large shape memoryalloy composition region, located around the Heusler composition (Ni2MnAl), was found to display significant departure in these mechanical properties from the rest of the composition spread. In particular, the modulus and the hardness values are lower for the martensite region than those of the rest of the phase diagram
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