Controlling surface erosion of farm lands

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Handling farm manure

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The relationship between internet usage habits and student achievement

The invention of the Internet has brought countless advancements in communication, research, knowledge, and entertainment. Over the course of time, and as the Internet expanded, there have been mixed opinions in regard to the Internet’s place in schools. This has brought on the need for schools to develop policies to monitor and regulate student Internet activity in order to teach students to use the Internet as a tool to increase academic achievement. Michigan has consistently been one of the lowest performing states in regard to the SAT; thus, it is important for teachers and administrators to determine why. Through an Internet use survey adapted from The Pew Research Center’s Internet and Technology report titled “Teens, Social Media & Technology Overview 2015,” this study surveyed 12th grade students at Blueville High School in Blueville, MI, to determine their levels of Internet access, Internet usage habits, and overall opinions of the Internet. Additionally, a focus group interview was conducted to further gain an understanding of Internet usage impact on student achievement. Survey results were compared to individual composite and component SAT scores, grade point averages, and socioeconomic factors (free/reduced lunch status). Results indicate some connection between Internet usage habits and student achievement, especially for those students who use the Internet for school-specific work

Timescape cosmology with radiation fluid

The timescape cosmology represents a potentially viable alternative to the standard homogeneous cosmology, without the need for dark energy. Although average cosmic evolution in the timescape scenario only differs substantially from that of Friedmann-Lemaitre model at relatively late epochs when the contribution from the energy density of radiation is negligible, a full solution of the Buchert equations to incorporate radiation is necessary to smoothly match parameters to the epoch of photon decoupling and to obtain constraints from cosmic microwave background data. Here we extend the matter-dominated solution found in earlier work to include radiation, providing series solutions at early times and an efficient numerical integration strategy for generating the complete solution. The numerical solution is used to directly calculate the scale of the sound horizon at decoupling, and at the baryon drag epoch. The constraints on these scales from the Planck satellite data yield bounds on the timescape cosmological parameters, which are found to also agree with the best-fit values from a recent analysis of SDSS-II supernova data, while avoiding the problem of a primordial lithium-7 abundance anomaly.Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures; v2: small additions, accepted by Class. Quantum Gra

Randomised trials relevant to mental health conducted in low and middle-income countries: protocol for a survey of studies published in 1991, 1995 and 2000 and assessment of their relevance

BACKGROUND A substantial proportion of the psychiatric burden of disease falls on the world's poorest nations. Despite this, relatively little is known about the quality and content of clinical research undertaken in these countries, or the relevance of the interventions evaluated and specifically that of randomised trials. This project aims to survey the content, quality and accessibility of a sample of trials relevant to mental health conducted within low and middle-income countries; to compare these with studies conducted in high-income countries; and to assess their relevance for the needs of low and middle-income countries. METHODS An extensive search for all trials, or possible trials, published in 1991, 1995 and 2000 with participants in low and middle-income countries has already been conducted. Studies evaluating prevention or treatment of a mental health problem within these three years will be identified and further searches conducted to assess completeness of the initial search. Data on study quality and characteristics will be extracted from each report. Accessibility will be estimated based on whether each citation is available on MEDLINE. Trials relevant to schizophrenia will be compared with a random sample of schizophrenia trials from high-income countries in the same years. Topics covered by the trials will be compared with the estimated burden of disease. CONCLUSION Trials and systematic reviews of trials are the gold standard of evaluation of care and increasingly provide the basis for recommendations to clinicians, to providers of care and to policy makers. Results from this study will present the first assessment of the scope, quality and accessibility of mental health trials in low and middle-income countries

Effect of Soil Type, Slope, and Surface Conditions on Intake of Water

In connection with investigations of runoff and erosion in the Great Plains an attempt has been made by means of artificial applications of water to determine certain principles concerning the effect of different soils and soil conditions on runoff and soil erosion. Such information is needed in planning all field operations dealing with soil erosion and moisture control. It is also needed in connection with watershed studies that are being established in the Central Great Plains, dealing with runoff and flood flows from larger areas. The method employed makes it possible to obtain comparable data on a wide range of soil types, slopes, and surface conditions, and with different rates of water application. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief description of the methods used and a condensed report of the results obtained during the first season \u27s operation

Effect of Soil Type, Slope, and Surface Conditions on Intake of Water

In connection with investigations of runoff and erosion in the Great Plains an attempt has been made by means of artificial applications of water to determine certain principles concerning the effect of different soils and soil conditions on runoff and soil erosion. Such information is needed in planning all field operations dealing with soil erosion and moisture control. It is also needed in connection with watershed studies that are being established in the Central Great Plains, dealing with runoff and flood flows from larger areas. The method employed makes it possible to obtain comparable data on a wide range of soil types, slopes, and surface conditions, and with different rates of water application. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief description of the methods used and a condensed report of the results obtained during the first season \u27s operation

Effect of Soil Type, Slope, and Surface Conditions on Intake of Water

In connection with investigations of runoff and erosion in the Great Plains an attempt has been made by means of artificial applications of water to determine certain principles concerning the effect of different soils and soil conditions on runoff and soil erosion. Such information is needed in planning all field operations dealing with soil erosion and moisture control. It is also needed in connection with watershed studies that are being established in the Central Great Plains, dealing with runoff and flood flows from larger areas. The method employed makes it possible to obtain comparable data on a wide range of soil types, slopes, and surface conditions, and with different rates of water application. The purpose of this paper is to give a brief description of the methods used and a condensed report of the results obtained during the first season \u27s operation

CC116 Suggestions for Handling Summer Fallowed Land which will not be Planted to Winter Wheat

Extension Circular CC116 This circular contains suggestions for handling summer fallowed land which will not be planted to winter wheat

A Reanalysis of the Carbon Abundance in the Translucent Cloud toward HD 24534

We have reanalyzed the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph data set presented by Snow et al. which contains the interstellar intersystem C II] 2325A line through the translucent cloud toward HD 24534 (X Persei). In contrast to the results of Snow et al., we clearly detect the C II] feature at the 3-sigma confidence level and measure a C^+ column density of 2.7 +/- 0.8 x 10^17 cm^-2. Accounting for the C I column density along the line of sight, we find 10^6 C/H = 106 +/- 38 in the interstellar gas toward this star. This gas-phase carbon-to-hydrogen ratio suggests that slightly more carbon depletion may be occurring in translucent as compared to diffuse clouds. The average diffuse-cloud C/H, however, is within the 1-sigma uncertainty of the measurement toward HD 24534. We therefore cannot rule out the possibility that the two cloud types have comparable gas-phase C/H, and therefore comparable depletions of carbon.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal Letter