On the localization of discontinuities of the first kind for a function of bounded variation

Methods of the localization (detection of positions) of discontinuities of the first kind for a univariate function of bounded variation are constructed and investigated. Instead of an exact function, its approximation in L2(-∞,+∞) and the error level are known. We divide the discontinuities into two sets, one of which contains discontinuities with the absolute value of the jump greater than some positive Δmin; the other set contains discontinuities satisfying a smallness condition for the value of the jump. It is required to find the number of discontinuities in the former set and localize them using the approximately given function and the error level. Since the problem is ill-posed, regularizing algorithms should be used for its solution. Under additional conditions on the exact function, we construct regular methods for the localization of discontinuities and obtain estimates for the accuracy of localization and for the separability threshold, which is another important characteristic of the method. The (order) optimality of the constructed methods on the classes of functions with singularities is established. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Leadership potential of professional teacher associations in Russia: Formation of middle leaders

This research study is aimed at investigating distributed leadership practices in the Russian school system, of which professional teacher associations (PTA) constitute a distinct feature. In particular, we set out to investigate the PTA leadership potential, as well as the role and specific personal characteristics of middle leaders in the Russian school education system. These associations are formed by the school administration on the basis of subject areas, bringing together teachers of maths, history, etc. Teachers join PTAs on a voluntarily basis. The key function of such organisations consists in the implementation of innovative educational approaches and techniques. In order to analyse their leadership potential, we carried out a sociological survey among the employees of high-profile secondary schools (gymnasiums and lyceums) situated in the major Russian city of Ekaterinburg. The research methodology comprised structured interviews with 110 respondents, along with in-depth interviews with 2 school directors, 4 school deputy directors and 6 heads of professional teacher associations. Our results show that the fundamentals and principles of distributed leadership are actively implemented in Ekaterinburg schools. The school administrations encourage the creation of professional teacher associations grouped around subject areas, delegating to these structural units the functions of improving the quality of teaching the respective subjects and disseminating educational innovations, at the same time as fulfilling the requirements of the state and regional education authorities. Such associations are headed by middle leaders, who are nominated by their colleagues and whose candidacy is approved by school seniors, taking into account their professional achievements, experience of leading pedagogical innovations and the presence of the right personal qualities necessary for productive collaborative work. These people perform the role of mediators, operating at the interface between various levels within the school. Although viewed as a school’s personnel reserve for the positions of principals and head teachers, our respondents consider themselves to be ‘more teachers’ or ‘innovators in education’ than administrators. The development of the leadership qualities of such professionals in the Russian school system is shown to be hindered by a ‘glass ceiling’ – a certain limit in their career growth. This discouraging factor results in some middle school leaders searching for professional self-realization opportunities outside the school system, in the spheres of business, science or culture that are believed to provide more opportunities for self-advancement. © 2019 National Research University Higher School of Economics. All rights reserved

Influence of ripening in mother solution on characteristics of magnesium-substituted calcium phosphate powders

Effect of ripening in the mother liquor on the degree of crystallinity and dispersity of mixed powders of calcium and magnesium phosphates is studied as a function of magnesium content with the elemental composition such that (Ca + Mg)/P = 2. Ripening is found to have a positive effect on crystallinity of the apatite phase of powders. Nanocrystals with lowered tendency to aggregation are formed during the ripening period, which affords the powders with specific surface area as high as 80 m2/g. The morphology of the constituent particles depends on the magnesium content. Crystallization processes are essentially completed by the 21st day of ripenin

HEALTH-SAVING PRACTICES OF YOUNG PEOPLE UNDER PANDEMIC CONDITIONS: A PILOT STUDY

Background. In the context of the pandemic, the issue of maintaining and developing health by the younger generation, who create new health-saving practices, has been actualized. The aim. An analysis of the health saving practices of young people in a large industrial city. Materials and methods. The method of collecting information was an online survey of young people in Yekaterinburg (n = 120). Also 37 semi-formalized interviews were conducted. Results. The young generation highly evaluates their health (69 %); 56 % are self-treated. At the same time, 93 % trust the system of medical care, doctors, and prescribed medications. 90 % ofrespondents during the pandemic paid more attention to personal hygiene. 2/3 try to control stress. 51 % take vitamins. The interviewees try to exclude crowded places. Pandemic transforms perceptions of the body, which prescribes functionality and performance. Conclusions. The“repertoire”ofhealth-saving practices in the conditions ofthe pandemic changes. “Methodofaddition”is representedby actualization of personalhygiene withthe use of personal protective equipment, online communications, taking vitamins.“Exclusion method”refers to avoidcrowdedplaces. Among the respondents there are roughly equalproportions of young people who supportanddo notsupport vaccination, as wellas those who are neutralaboutit. The body is seen as a functional resource that can “work” in the conditions of the “new normality”. © 2022 Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved

Efficiency analysis of taking out real estate loans for profit-making organizations

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. This article presents modified factors to analyze efficiency of getting real estate loans by profit-making organizations. These factors make allowance for the characteristic features of real estate lending transactions such as their long-termness, and uneven stream of cash-flows. Total value of net cash return from a real estate lending transaction is typically discounted revenue, which we calculated both pretax and post-tax. Taxation is shown to exert a considerable impact on discounted revenue position. Real estate lending transaction financial leverage effect is calculated for the whole duration of the investment project, with allowance for time value of money

Disputes over the Budgetary Decision Making System of Japan : Issues of Budgetary Reform in the Post-Wa rid War II (1)

© 2014, Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research. All rights reserved. This article presents modified factors to analyze efficiency of getting real estate loans by profit-making organizations. These factors make allowance for the characteristic features of real estate lending transactions such as their long-termness, and uneven stream of cash-flows. Total value of net cash return from a real estate lending transaction is typically discounted revenue, which we calculated both pretax and post-tax. Taxation is shown to exert a considerable impact on discounted revenue position. Real estate lending transaction financial leverage effect is calculated for the whole duration of the investment project, with allowance for time value of money

Periodic Bursts of Coherent Radio Emission from an Ultracool Dwarf

We report the detection of periodic (p = 1.96 hours) bursts of extremely bright, 100% circularly polarized, coherent radio emission from the M9 dwarf TVLM 513-46546. Simultaneous photometric monitoring observations have established this periodicity to be the rotation period of the dwarf. These bursts, which were not present in previous observations of this target, confirm that ultracool dwarfs can generate persistent levels of broadband, coherent radio emission, associated with the presence of kG magnetic fields in a large-scale, stable configuration. Compact sources located at the magnetic polar regions produce highly beamed emission generated by the electron cyclotron maser instability, the same mechanism known to generate planetary coherent radio emission in our solar system. The narrow beams of radiation pass our line of sight as the dwarf rotates, producing the associated periodic bursts. The resulting radio light curves are analogous to the periodic light curves associated with pulsar radio emission highlighting TVLM 513-46546 as the prototype of a new class of transient radio source.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letter

Modelling the radio pulses of an ultracool dwarf

<b>Context:</b> Recently, unanticipated magnetic activity in ultracool dwarfs (UCDs, spectral classes later than M7) has emerged from a number of radio observations. The highly (up to 100%) circularly polarized nature and high brightness temperature of the emission have been interpreted as requiring an effective amplification mechanism of the high-frequency electromagnetic waves − the electron cyclotron maser instability (ECMI). <p/><b>Aims:</b> We aim to understand the magnetic topology and the properties of the radio emitting region and associated plasmas in these ultracool dwarfs, interpreting the origin of radio pulses and their radiation mechanism. <p/><b>Methods:</b> An active region model was built, based on the rotation of the UCD and the ECMI mechanism. <p/><b>Results:</b> The high degree of variability in the brightness and the diverse profile of pulses can be interpreted in terms of a large-scale hot active region with extended magnetic structure existing in the magnetosphere of TVLM 513-46546. We suggest the time profile of the radio light curve is in the form of power law in the model. Combining the analysis of the data and our simulation, we can determine the loss-cone electrons have a density in the range of 1.25 × 105−5 × 105 cm-3 and temperature between 107 and 5 × 107 K. The active region has a size <1 RJup, while the pulses produced by the ECMI mechanism are from a much more compact region (e.g. ~0.007 RJup). A surface magnetic field strength of ≈7000 G is predicted. <p/><b>Conclusions:</b> The active region model is applied to the radio emission from TVLM 513-46546, in which the ECMI mechanism is responsible for the radio bursts from the magnetic tubes and the rotation of the dwarf can modulate the integral of flux with respect to time. The radio emitting region consists of complicated substructures. With this model, we can determine the nature (e.g. size, temperature, density) of the radio emitting region and plasma. The magnetic topology can also be constrained. We compare our predicted X-ray flux with Chandra X-ray observation of TVLM 513-46546. Although the X-ray detection is only marginally significant, our predicted flux is significantly lower than the observed flux. Further multi-wavelength observations will help us better understand the magnetic field structure and plasma behavior on the ultracool dwarf

Current trends in developing education funding in the russian federation

The article aims to analyze theoretical and practical aspects of developing education funding mechanism as a business tool to provide availability of higher professional education in the Russian Federation, taking into consideration the support provided by the state for education funding in order to solve social and economic problems, motivate and support national banking sector. Successful implementation of education funding programmes largely depends on the degree to which the prospective credit party, the banking institution and the state respect each other's interests. Russian banks tend to underestimate education funding potential as a possible way to receive alternative revenue by adding this programme to the product line. The demand for education services is not especially high, but it still exists and is expected to grow in the years to follow. This is above all due to the fact that higher education becomes predominantly fee-based. The results of this analysis allowed us to identify trends and future prospects of developing student loan projects