GENDER RELATED DIFFERENCES IN OUTCOMES FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS IN DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS OF PATIENTS WITH ST – ELEVATION ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Background: Conflicting evidence exists in respect of gender differences in outcomes after Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS). Aim: Evaluation of gender differences in outcomes after ST – elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) in different age groups of patients following percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Methods: We studied consecutive 292 female and consecutive 311 male STEMI patients who underwent PCI with stent implantation. Study individuals were divided into groups by the gender and age (<65, 65-75, >75 years). Patients with total ischemic time >4 hours were excluded from the study. In hospital, 45-day and one year outcomes (death from cardiovascular causes, repeated angiography and revascularization) were evaluated, as well as several factors which may influence disease outcomes. Results: Total death rate in hospital, during 45-days and one year period: in women - 0.168, 0.250, 0.438, in men - 0.161, 0.289, 0.408, differences were not significant (p> 0.05). In hospital death rate in study groups (age groups <65, 65-75,>75years): in women -0.112, 0.155, 0.257, in men -0.121, 0.176, 0.216. Forty five-day mortality rate in study groups: in women -0.135, 0.279, 0.338, in men- 0.226, 0.279, 0.471; one year mortality rate in study groups: in women -0.315, 0.419, 0.622, in men - 0.347, 0.419, 0.529. Differences are statistically significant in age group under 65 years (P<0.05). Age under 65 years is associated with lower probability of in hospital and 45 days mortality (OR -0.53, 95% CI 0.9 – 0.25, OR- 0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.72) in females, as well as with one year mortality in females OR- 0.47 , 95%CI 0.28 -0.80 and 45 days mortality in males OR-0.35, 95%CI 0.59-0.99. Study showed significantly (P<0.005) higher rate of repeated angiography (0.154 vs 0.077) and revascularization (0.127 vs 0.026) in females as compared with men after STEMI following primary PCI with stent implantation, Conclusions: a) Mortality rates (in hospital, 45 days and one year) after STEMI in patients with ischemic time <4 hours who underwent PCI with stent implantation did not differ between genders; b) Women younger 65 years with STEMI after timely revascularization have better prognosis as compared with their male counterparts and females of other groups; c) Risk of one year repeated angiography and revascularization in one year is higher in female patients with STEMI following primary PCI with stent implantation

Spin-dependent pbar-d cross sections at low and intermediate energies

Antiproton-deuteron (${\bar p}d$) scattering is calculated at beam energies below 300 MeV within the Glauber approach, utilizing the amplitudes of the J\"ulich $\bar N N$ models. A good agreement is obtained with available experimental data on upolarized differential and integrated $\bar p d$ cross sections. Predictions for polarized total ${\bar p}d$ cross sections are presented, obtained within the single scattering approximation including Coulomb-nuclear interference effects. It is found that the total longitudinal and transversal ${\bar p}d$ cross sections are comparable in absolute value to those for ${\bar p}p$ scattering. The kinetics of polarization buildup is considered.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in proceedings of the 19th international Spin Physics Symposium, September 27 - October 2, 2010, Juelich, German

Light-Front Analysis of pi^{-} Mesons Produced in Mg - Mg Collisions at 4.3 a Gev/c

Light-front analysis of pi^{-} mesons in Mg-Mg collisions is carried out. The phase space of secondary pions is naturally divided into two parts in one of which the thermal equilibration assumption seems to be in a good agreement with data. Corresponding temperatures are extracted and compared to the results of other experiments. The experimental results have been compared with the predictions of the Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM) and satisfactory agreement between the experimental data and the model has been found.Comment: 14 pages with 7 postscript figures. accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys.

Incarceration history and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background People who inject drugs (PWID) experience a high prevalence of incarceration and might be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection during or after incarceration. We aimed to assess whether incarceration history elevates HIV or HCV acquisition risk among PWID. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases for studies in any language published from Jan 1, 2000 until June 13, 2017 assessing HIV or HCV incidence among PWID. We included studies that measured HIV or HCV incidence among community-recruited PWID. We included only studies reporting original results and excluded studies that evaluated incident infections by self-report. We contacted authors of cohort studies that met the inclusion or exclusion criteria, but that did not report on the outcomes of interest, to request data. We extracted and pooled data from the included studies using random-effects meta-analyses to quantify the associations between recent (past 3, 6, or 12 months or since last follow-up) or past incarceration and HIV or HCV acquisition (primary infection or reinfection) risk among PWID. We assessed the risk of bias of included studies using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated using the I2 statistic and the P-value for heterogeneity. Findings We included published results from 20 studies and unpublished results from 21 studies. These studies originated from Australasia, western and eastern Europe, North and Latin America, and east and southeast Asia. Recent incarceration was associated with an 81% (relative risk [RR] 1·81, 95% CI 1·40–2·34) increase in HIV acquisition risk, with moderate heterogeneity between studies (I2=63·5%; p=0·001), and a 62% (RR 1·62, 95% CI 1·28–2·05) increase in HCV acquisition risk, also with moderate heterogeneity between studies (I2=57·3%; p=0·002). Past incarceration was associated with a 25% increase in HIV (RR 1·25, 95% CI 0·94–1·65) and a 21% increase in HCV (1·21, 1·02–1·43) acquisition risk. Interpretation Incarceration is associated with substantial short-term increases in HIV and HCV acquisition risk among PWID and could be a significant driver of HCV and HIV transmission among PWID. These findings support the need for developing novel interventions to minimise the risk of HCV and HIV acquisition, including addressing structural risks associated with drug laws and excessive incarceration of PWID

Incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus among people who inject drugs, and associations with age and sex or gender: a global systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Measuring the incidence of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among people who inject drugs (PWID) is key to track progress towards elimination. We aimed to summarise global data on HIV and primary HCV incidence among PWID and associations with age and sex or gender. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we updated an existing database of HIV and HCV incidence studies among PWID by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, capturing studies published between Jan 1, 2000, and Dec 12, 2022, with no language or study design restrictions. We contacted authors of identified studies for unpublished or updated data. We included studies that estimated incidence by longitudinally re-testing people at risk of infection or by using assays for recent infection. We pooled incidence and relative risk (RR; young [generally defined as ≤25 years] vs older PWID; women vs men) estimates using random-effects meta-analysis and assessed risk of bias with a modified Newcastle–Ottawa scale. This study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020220884. Findings: Our updated search identified 9493 publications, of which 211 were eligible for full-text review. An additional 377 full-text records from our existing database and five records identified through cross-referencing were assessed. Including 28 unpublished records, 125 records met the inclusion criteria. We identified 64 estimates of HIV incidence (30 from high-income countries [HICs] and 34 from low-income or middle-income countries [LMICs]) and 66 estimates of HCV incidence (52 from HICs and 14 from LMICs). 41 (64%) of 64 HIV and 42 (64%) of 66 HCV estimates were from single cities rather than being multi-city or nationwide. Estimates were measured over 1987–2021 for HIV and 1992–2021 for HCV. Pooled HIV incidence was 1·7 per 100 person-years (95% CI 1·3–2·3; I2=98·4%) and pooled HCV incidence was 12·1 per 100 person-years (10·0–14·6; I2=97·2%). Young PWID had a greater risk of HIV (RR 1·5, 95% CI 1·2–1·8; I2=66·9%) and HCV (1·5, 1·3–1·8; I2=70·6%) acquisition than older PWID. Women had a greater risk of HIV (RR 1·4, 95% CI 1·1–1·6; I2=55·3%) and HCV (1·2, 1·1–1·3; I2=43·3%) acquisition than men. For both HIV and HCV, the median risk-of-bias score was 6 (IQR 6–7), indicating moderate risk. Interpretation: Although sparse, available HIV and HCV incidence estimates offer insights into global levels of HIV and HCV transmission among PWID. Intensified efforts are needed to keep track of the HIV and HCV epidemics among PWID and to expand access to age-appropriate and gender-appropriate prevention services that serve young PWID and women who inject drugs. Funding: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Fonds de recherche du Québec–Santé, Canadian Network on Hepatitis C, UK National Institute for Health and Care Research, and WHO

2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC

2016 ESC on Acute and Chronic H

Incarceration history and risk of HIV and hepatitis C virus acquisition among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: People who inject drugs (PWID) experience high rates of incarceration and may be at high risk of HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) virus infection during or after incarceration. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess whether incarceration history elevates HIV or HCV acquisition risk among PWID.Methods: MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies in any language published since 2000 assessing HIV or HCV incidence among PWID. Studies were included if they reported the association between recent (in last 3, 6 or 12 months or since last follow-up) or past incarceration and HIV or HCV (primary or reinfection) incidence. Authors of incidence studies not reporting these outcomes were contacted for data. Data were extracted and pooled using random-effects meta-analyses. Findings: Twenty published and 21 unpublished studies were included, originating from Australasia, Western and Eastern Europe, North and Latin America and East and Southeast Asia. Recent incarceration was associated with an 81% (rate ratio (RR):1.81, 95%CI: 1.40-2.34) and 62% (RR:1.62, 95%CI:1.28-2.05) increase in HIV and HCV acquisition risk, respectively. Past incarceration was associated with a 25% and 21% increase in HIV (RR:1.25, 95%CI:0.94-1.66) and HCV (RR:1.21, 95%CI:1.02-1.43) and acquisition risk, respectively.Interpretation: Incarceration is associated with substantial short-term HIV and HCV acquisition risk among PWID and could be a significant driver for HCV and HIV transmission among PWID. These findings support the need for developing novel interventions to minimise the risk of HCV acquisition – including addressing structural risks associated with drug laws and excessive incarceration of PWID

Age-related Сhanges of Diameter and Deformability of Red Blood Cells

Іntroduction. The diameter and deformability of red blood cells (RBCs) play a very important role in the maintenance of normal blood flow in the microcirculation. RBCs deformability has been described based on three physical properties: membrane viscoelastic properties, the internal viscosity and the surface area-to-volume ratio. The membrane properties and thus the deformability of RBCs are largely detailed and considerable information is available regarding the skeleton composition, ultrastructures, protein- to-protein interactions, membrane anchorage, and molecular defects. The aim of the research was to study the age-related changes of diameter and deformability of RBCs in practically healthy volunteers. Materials and methods. Morphological and biophysical parameters (diameter, deformability) of RBCs were studied in 50 practically healthy men – volunteers. They were divided into two age groups: adults (22-30 years old, 25), and old people (75-89 years old, 25). For a morphological research were made smears, which were dyed by Sudan Black according to the method of F. A. McManus. Diameter of erythrocytes was measured with the ocular micrometer. The deformability of erythrocytes was determined with the help of the computer filter-photometer method. The time of the diffusion on the filter paper was determined for this pattern. Statistic processing of obtained results was conducted according to the program SPSS, version 11.0. Student’s t-test was used for analysis of differences between means and a change with a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. RBC ageing is closely related to a progressive decrease in ADP/ATP ratio, which provides disorders of osmotic balance, cells’ swelling, activating signal transduction system, which affects properties regulating RBC deformability and finally leads to the removal of old cells from the circulation by macrophages at spleen level. It was shown that the number of the RBCs that passed the filter paper per time unit in old people is statistically significantly low compared to the young people. So there is a tendency of the increase of the diameter of RBCs in aged people, this indicates that the volume of erythrocytes is increased in old people. Conclusions. The excessive number of large-sized matured (aged) erythrocytes is revealed in the blood of old people. Different rheological characteristics of RBCs in various aged volunteers have as a result the aged-related cardiovascular diseases

Study of tribotechnical and ecological efficiency of motor car transmission oil “Kolkheti–2” prepared with nanotechnology

The paper refers to the research results of influence of motor car transmission oil prepared with nanotechnology on pitting resistance of friction knots and engine fuel consumption. herewith the advantage of test oils compared to corresponding oils of famous firms is shown