Pain, Masticatory Performance And Swallowing Threshold In Orthodontic Patients

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess pain, masticatory performance and swallowing threshold of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Methods: Ten patients of both genders (mean age of 17.25 ± 5.21 years), with complete permanent dentition, who underwent orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were evaluated. The masticatory performance and the swallowing threshold were assessed by patient's individual capacity of fragmenting an artificial test food (Optocal) which was chewed and had the resulting particles processed by a standardized siev- ing method, presenting the median particle size (MPS) of crushed units. The intensity of pain/discomfort during chewing was evaluated by means of a visual analog scale. All tests were performed at the following times: T0 - before activating the orthodontic appliance; T1 - 24 hours after activation, and T2 - 30 days after activation. Results: The results showed a significant increase in pain at T1 (T0 - 0.60 ± 0.70 mm; T1 - 66.2 ± 34.5 mm), returning to baseline values at T2 (3.20 ± 3.82 mm). Masticatory performance was also reduced in T1 (MPS 10.15 ± 1.1 mm2) in comparison to T0 (MPS 7.01 ± 2.9 mm2) and T2 (MPS 6.76 ± 1.3 mm2). However, particle size was not affected in the swallowing threshold test (T0 - 5.47 ± 2.37 mm2; T1 - 6.19 ± 2.05 mm2; T2 - 5.94 ± 2.36 mm2). Conclusion: The orthodontic appliances did not interfere in the size of the particles that would be swallowed, even in the presence of pain. © 2013 Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics.186117123Krishnan, V., Orthodontic pain: From causes to management-a review (2007) EurJ Orthod, 29 (2), pp. 170-179Jones, M., Chan, C., The pain and discomfort experienced during orthodontic treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial of two initial aligning arch wires (1992) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 102 (4), pp. 373-381+18Polat, O., Karaman, A.I., Durmus, E., Effects of preoperative ibuprofen and naproxen sodium on orthodontic pain (2005) Angle Orthod, 75 (5), pp. 791-796Gameiro, G.H., Pereira-Neto, J.S., Magnani, M.B., Nouer, D.F., The Influence of Drugs and Systemic Factors On Orthodontic Tooth Movement (2007), 41 (2), pp. 73-78Kvam, E., Gjerdet, N.R., Bondevik, O., Traumatic ulcers and pain during orthodontic treatment (1987) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 15 (2), pp. 104-107+20Scheurer, P.A., Firestone, A.R., Bürgin, W.B., Perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (1996) Eur J Orthod, 18 (4), pp. 349-357+21van der Bilt, A., Assessment of mastication with implications for oral rehabilitation: A review (2011) J Oral Rehabil, 38 (10), pp. 754-780Fontijn-Tekamp, F.A., Slagter, A.P., van der Bilt, A., Van'T, H.M.A., Witter, D.J., Kalk, W., Jansen, J.A., Biting and chewing in overdentures, full dentures, and natural dentitions (2000) J Dent Res, 79 (7), pp. 1519-1524van den Braber, W., van der Bilt, A., van der Glas, H., Rosenberg, T., Koole, R., The influence of mandibular advancement surgery on oral function in retrognathic patients: A 5-year follow-up study (2006) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 64 (8), pp. 1237-1240+24Sierpinska, T., Golebiewska, M., Dlugosz, J., Kemona, A., Laszewicz, W., Connection between masticatory efficiency and pathomorphologic changes in gastric mucosa (2007) Quintessence Int, 38 (1), pp. 31-37+25Pocztaruk, R.L., Frasca, L.C., Rivaldo, E.G., De Fernandes, E.L., Gavião, M.B., Protocol for production of a chewable material for masticatory function tests (Optocal Brazilian version) (2008) Braz Oral Res, 22 (4), pp. 305-310Bergius, M., Kiliaridis, S., Berggren, U., Pain in orthodontics. A review and discussion of the literature (2000) J Orofac Orthop, 61 (2), pp. 125-137+27English, J.D., Buschang, P.H., Throckmorton, G.S., Does malocclusion affect masticatory performance? (2002) Angle Orthod, 72 (1), pp. 21-27+28Carlsson, G.E., Masticatory efficiency: The effect of age, the loss of teeth and prosthetic rehabilitation (1984) Int Dent J, 34 (2), pp. 93-97+29Salmassian, R., Oesterle, L.J., Shellhart, W.C., Newman, S.M., Comparison of the efficacy of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in controlling pain after orthodontic tooth movement (2009) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 135 (4), pp. 516-521Ong, E., Ho, C., Miles, P., Alignment efficiency and discomfort of three orthodontic archwire sequences: A randomized clinical trial (2011) J Orthod, 38 (1), pp. 32-39Erdinç, A.M., Dinçer, B., Perception of pain during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (2004) Eur J Orthod, 26 (1), pp. 79-85Tortamano, A., Lenzi, D.C., Haddad, A.C., Bottino, M.C., Dominguez, G.C., Vigorito, J.W., Low-level laser therapy for pain caused by placement of the first orthodontic archwire: A randomized clinical trial (2009) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 136 (5), pp. 662-667Firestone, A.R., Scheurer, P.A., Bürgin, W.B., Patients anticipation of pain and pain-related side effects, and their perception of pain as a result of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (1999) Eur J Orthod, 21 (4), pp. 387-396Fernandes, L.M., Ogaard, B., Skoglund, L., Pain and discomfort experienced after placement of a conventional or a superelastic NiTi aligning archwire. A randomized clinical trial (1998) J Orofac Orthop, 59 (6), pp. 331-339Ngan, P., Kess, B., Wilson, S., Perception of discomfort by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment (1989) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 96 (1), pp. 47-53Scott, P., Sherriff, M., Dibiase, A.T., Cobourne, M.T., Perception of discomfort during initial orthodontic tooth alignment using a self-ligating or conventional bracket system: A randomized clinical trial (2008) Eur J Orthod, 30 (3), pp. 227-232Krukemeyer, A.M., Arruda, A.O., Inglehart, M.R., Pain and orthodontic treatment (2009) Angle Orthod, 79 (6), pp. 1175-1181Brown, D.F., Moerenhout, R.G., The pain experience and psychological adjustment to orthodontic treatment of preadolescents, adolescents, and adults (1991) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 100 (4), pp. 349-356Oliver, R.G., Knapman, Y.M., Attitudes to orthodontic treatment (1985) Br J Orthod, 12 (4), pp. 179-188Kluemper, G.T., Hiser, D.G., Rayens, M.K., Jay, M.J., Efficacy of a wax containing benzocaine in the relief of oral mucosal pain caused by orthodontic appliances (2002) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 122 (4), pp. 359-365Murray, G.M., Referred pain, allodynia and hyperalgesia (2009) J Am Dent Assoc, 140 (9), pp. 1122-1124Holt, S., Reid, J., Taylor, T.V., Tothill, P., Heading, R.C., Gastric emptying of solids in man (1982) Gut, 23 (4), pp. 292-296Pera, P., Bucca, C., Borro, R., Bernocco, C., De, L.A., Carossa, S., Influence of mastication on gastric emptying (2002) J Dent Res, 81 (3), pp. 179-181Fontijn-Tekamp, F.A., van der.Bilt, A., Abbink, J.H., Bosman, F., Swallowing threshold and masticatory performance in dentate adults (2004) Physiol Behav, 83 (3), pp. 431-43

A eclosão dos periódicos do Brasil e cenários para o seu porvir

Quality journals in Brazil have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, with an increasing presence in international bibliographic indexes and on the Web. This is primarily due to Brazilian authors from different fields of knowledge, communicating the results of their research in English and/or Portuguese. At least 80% of their original and review articles that are internationally indexed have a Brazilian affiliation, representing approximately 30% of the total indexed scientific production from Brazil. However, this national centrality has a low impact when measured by the number of citations received in the indexes in comparison to that of journals from developed countries. Despite their performance being comparable to that of journals from emerging countries, and although open access publishing results in an extraordinary number of article downloads, most journals of Brazil face the challenge of becoming qualified to compete on a national and international level for better quality manuscripts, as well as of improving their performance in the international indexes. This sought-after qualification demands that these journals overcome the inherent limitations of institutional, management, and financing conditions in which they operate, while advancing professionalization, internationalization, and innovation in the editing, publishing, and dissemination processes, in order to be aligned with international state-of-the-art standards. This article presents an overview of the main bibliometric and editorial management characteristics of the 400 journals of Brazil indexed in Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Scopus, and Web of Science (WoS). It also projects scenarios for changing the current framework by promoting journals considered as international benchmarks and the way journals are evaluated and funded.Os periódicos de qualidade do Brasil alcançaram, nos últimos anos, um notável avanço, com a crescente presença nos índices bibliográficos internacionais e na web, impulsionados principalmente pela comunicação de resultados de pesquisa de autores brasileiros das diferentes áreas do conhecimento e com uso diferenciado dos idiomas inglês e português. Pelo menos 80% dos seus artigos originais e de revisão indexados internacionalmente têm afiliação brasileira e representam cerca de 30% do total da produção científica indexada do Brasil. Porém, essa centralidade nacional é acompanhada de baixo impacto, medido pelo número de citações recebidas nos índices, em comparação ao que obtêm os periódicos dos países desenvolvidos. Embora o desempenho seja compatível com o dos periódicos de países emergentes e a publicação em acesso aberto resulte em cifras extraordinárias de downloads de artigos, boa parte dos periódicos do Brasil enfrenta o desafio de qualificar-se para, de modo concomitante, competir nacional e internacionalmente por manuscritos de melhor qualidade e melhorar o desempenho nos índices internacionais. Essa almejada qualificação requer a superação das limitações inerentes às condições institucionais, de gestão e financiamento nas quais operam e o avanço da profissionalização, internacionalização e inovações nos processos de editoração, publicação e disseminação, alinhados ao estado da arte internacional. Este artigo apresenta um panorama das principais características bibliométricas e de gestão editorial do conjunto dos 400 periódicos do Brasil indexados no SciELO, Scopus e WoS e projeta cenários de mudança na composição atual com a promoção de periódicos de referência internacional e na forma como são avaliados e financiados.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Geology, petrography and geochemistry of the A-type granites from the Morro Redondo Complex (PR-SC), southern Brazil, Graciosa Province

The Morro Redondo Complex is one of the most important occurrences of the Graciosa A-type Province, southern Brazil. It consists of the Papanduva and Quiriri granitic plutons and a contemporaneous bimodal volcanic association. The Papanduva Pluton includes massive and deformed peralkaline alkali-feldspar granites with Na-Ca and Na-amphiboles and clinopyroxenes. The deformed types are the most evolved rocks in the province and carry rare ‘agpaitic’ minerals, some being described for the first time in granites from Brazil. The larger Quiriri Pluton comprises massive, slightly peraluminous, biotite syeno- and monzogranites with rare Ca-amphibole. Biotite compositions are relatively homogeneous, whereas sodic amphiboles and clinopyroxenes show increasing Na and Fe3+ evolving paths. The Morro Redondo granites are ferroan, with high SiO2, alkalis and HFSE contents; the peralkaline types registering the highest fe#. LILE and HFSE abundances increase with the agpaitic index and the most evolved are HHP granites, with radiogenic heat production up to 5.7 µWm–3. Geothermobarometric estimates indicate emplacement under low pressures (∼100 MPa), at temperatures up to 850-800 °C, and relatively reduced (QFM) and oxidized (+1 REPLACE_LT ΔQFM REPLACE_LT +3) environments for the Papanduva and Quiriri Plutons, respectively. In both cases, melts evolved to relatively high oxidation states upon crystallization progress

Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study

Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection