Identifikasi Zooplankton Di Perairan Pulau Bunaken Manado

Perairan Pulau Bunaken merupakan objek wisata yang terdapat di Manado Sulawesi Utara dan merupakan daerah perlindungan laut. Perairannya dijaga agar tetap menunjang diversitas organisme di sekitar pantai dan menghasilkan nilai tambah dari segi estetika dan ketersediaan ikan-ikan yang menjadi sumber pencarian bagi masyarakat nelayan di pesisir. Salah satu indikator keberadaan ikan dan kesuburan perairan adalah adanya zooplankton. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi zooplankton yang ada di perairan Pulau Bunaken, Manado. Pengambilan sampel zooplankton dalam penelitian ini dilakukan di empat stasiun. Stasiun penelitian ini dipilih berdasarkan tempat pemanfaatannya, yaitu di daerah tubir, daerah liang, daerah dermaga perkampungan dan daerah observasi. Pengambilan sampel plankton di lakukan menggunakan plankton net dan sampel kemudian di identifikasi di Laboratorium Biokonservasi Biologi FMIPA UNSRAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa zooplankton yang ditemukan di Pulau Bunaken Manado secara umum termasuk dalam 14 kelas dan 28 genus dengan jumlah 7.676 individu. Stasiun yang mempunyai jumlah kelas terbanyak adalah stasiun III dan IV yaitu sebanyak 11 kelas.The waters of Bunaken Island is a tourism area located in Manado, North Sulawesi, and is a protected marine area. It is conserved to support the diversity of organisms around the coast and result in added value in terms of aesthetics and availability of fish that became the source of income for fishermen in coastal communities. One of the indicators for the presence of fish and water fertility is zooplankton. The purpose of this study was to identify zooplankton in the waters of Bunaken Island, Manado. Zooplankton sampling was performed at four stations. The stations were selected based on the utilization, those are in the edge region, the canal, the village dock, and observation area. Plankton sampling was done by using a plankton net and samples collected were identified in the laboratory of Bioconservation, Departement of Biology Faculty of Sciences UNSRAT. The results showed that zooplankton found in Bunaken Island, Manado was generally included in 14 classes and 28 genus with the number of sample of 7,676 individuals. Stations that have the highest number of 11 classes were III and IV

Lateralization in the Invertebrate Brain: Left-Right Asymmetry of Olfaction in Bumble Bee, Bombus terrestris

Brain and behavioural lateralization at the population level has been recently hypothesized to have evolved under social selective pressures as a strategy to optimize coordination among asymmetrical individuals. Evidence for this hypothesis have been collected in Hymenoptera: eusocial honey bees showed olfactory lateralization at the population level, whereas solitary mason bees only showed individual-level olfactory lateralization. Here we investigated lateralization of odour detection and learning in the bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L., an annual eusocial species of Hymenoptera. By training bumble bees on the proboscis extension reflex paradigm with only one antenna in use, we provided the very first evidence of asymmetrical performance favouring the right antenna in responding to learned odours in this species. Electroantennographic responses did not reveal significant antennal asymmetries in odour detection, whereas morphological counting of olfactory sensilla showed a predominance in the number of olfactory sensilla trichodea type A in the right antenna. The occurrence of a population level asymmetry in olfactory learning of bumble bee provides new information on the relationship between social behaviour and the evolution of population-level asymmetries in animals

Design and construction of the MicroBooNE detector

This paper describes the design and construction of the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber and associated systems. MicroBooNE is the first phase of the Short Baseline Neutrino program, located at Fermilab, and will utilize the capabilities of liquid argon detectors to examine a rich assortment of physics topics. In this document details of design specifications, assembly procedures, and acceptance tests are reported

Clinical and histologic outcomes of calcium sulfate in the treatment of postextraction sockets

Objectives: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the clinical and histologic outcomes obtained with calcium sulfate (CS) used as a filler material in fresh premolar and molar postextraction sockets.Materials and Methods: Sixty premolar or molar postextraction sockets were filled with CS. Among the 60 grafted sockets, after 3 months, 50 underwent implant placement and clinical assessment. The removal of a sample core of newly generated intrasocket tissue was performed in 19 sockets. Collected samples were sent for histologic examination. The percentage of vital bone, nonvital bone, residual CS, amorphous material, and connective areas in every sample was calculated and recorded.Results: Fifty postextraction regenerated sockets that underwent implant placement 3 months after tooth removal were included in this study.A partial postoperative exposition of the graft was observed in 12 of 50 sockets. At the surgical reentry, the augmented extraction sockets were completely filled by a hard material with an adequate alveolar crest in 41 cases. Histologic examination of the cores revealed that 63.16% of the intrasocket tissue was new vital bone, 2.1% was nonvital bone, 4.74% was fibrous tissue, and 30% was amorphous material. No residual CS was identified in bone cores.Conclusions: This study confirmed that CS is an ideal grafting material. The clinical adequacy aspect of filled sockets at surgical reentry seemed to be indicative of a qualitatively better bone regeneration. Postoperative exposition of graft material after a first intervention seemed to constitute an important risk factor for a worse bone regeneration

Effect of drainage and soil amendment on the quality of horse racecourse turf under simulated use

"The construction of horse racecourses with sand-dominated rootzones is an attempt to maintain racing conditions in a narrow range of physical parameters such that despite soil compaction, sufficient air–filled porosity and drainage performance within the rootzone is maintained. When a large financial investment cannot be economically justified, the improvement of drainage, the modification of the native soil, or a combination of both of these, represent alternative tools for a low-cost approach to enhancing track performance. The use of compost in place of graded sand could further reduce construction costs. A field trial was set up to study the influence of pipe drainage and topsoil amendment, with sand or compost, on a turf grown on a silt-loam soil. The following characteristics were evaluated after the application of two levels of simulated horse-type wear: hoof mark depth, ground cover, shoot density, polystand composition, verdure dry biomass, thatch thickness, root depth, root density, water infiltration rate, soil water content and penetration resistance. Pipe drainage appeared to reduce the hoof mark depth, probably as a result of increased soil strength due to an increase in cohesion in a drier soil. Topsoil amendment with compost resulted in a better ground cover and quality while topsoil modification with sand reduced hoof mark depth and improved water infiltration rate. Based on the results of the this research, the construction of a racecourse with both pipe drainage and topsoil amendment with sand may provide a racing surface with better performance compared to most un-drained soil-based tracks.

In vitro analysis of the effects of plant-derived chondroitin sulfate from intestinal barrier to chondrocytes

Chondroitin is well known to regulate several biological functions and to exert a critical role in the regulation of joint physiology maintaining proper chondrocyte activity. The aim of this study was to explore the ability of a new chondroitin, from plant origin, to induce different biological effects analyzing the link between certain chemical properties and the specific biological significance. Its biological effects were analyzed by intestinal permeability and in vitro osteoarthritis conditions verifing data to other chondroitin forms from animal and non-animal sources. Plant-derived chondroitin shows a heterogeneous chemical-biological profile, which may be responsible for many specific functions observed in vitro. Furthermore, it exhibits a better absorption profile without affecting the intestinal barrier and modulates disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin 5 motifs to prevent cartilage degradation. Plant-derived chondroitin, Greendroitin®, can be considered an excellent new strategy to improve cartilage trophism, based on surprising biological properties in osteoarthritis in vitro model