Pemanfaatan Spektrum Digital Dividend dengan Pendekatan Model Easement

Digital dividend merupakan sebuah dampak yang ditinggalkan akibatproses perpindahan sistem penyiaran televisi analog ke sistem penyiarantelevisi digital. Di banyak Negara sudah banyak penelitian mengenaipenggunaan spectrum digital dividend pada masing-masing Negara.Pada penelitian ini membahas tentang penggunaan spectrum digitaldividend untuk mendukung kesejahteraan rakyat Indonesia. Jikadigabungkan penggunaan aplikasi yang dijalankan para pemegangspectrum secara exlusive dan secondary market, tentunya dapatmemaksimalkan spectrum yang ada. Dengan tetap menjaga dua pakempenggunaan spectrum secara beriringan sejalan adalah konsep easementyang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Setelah dengan pembahasanmengenai penelitian lain mengenai digital dividend serta easement,kemudian kami menganalisa faktor QoS, Utility dan biaya spectrumakses dalam pengaruhnya memberikan variasi kesejahteraan socialdengan menggunakan teori social welfare. Dari hasil yang didapat,peneilitian ini dapat membuktikan faktor yang dirasakan oleh parapengguna seperti QoS dan Utility punya pengaruh penting dibandingkanbiaya akses spectrum frekuensi yang ditanggung oleh pihak serviceprovider

Distribusi Vektor Aliran Air Tanah Dua Dimensi Dalam Media Rekahan Di Big Gossan, Tembagapura, Papua

. PT. Freeport Indonesia (PTFI) is planning to open a new underground mine at Big Gossan by using stop mine method which requires dry mining area. In some pilot areas, groundwater flowed from some stope holes significantly, while in other areas, some holes were dry. Previous hydrogeologic modeling, assuming that aquifers were intergranular media, cannot answer the variation of the groundwater occurrence. The aquifers in the study area are composed of fractures. In this research, hydrogeology of the area is remodeled, stressing that the aquifers are fractured media and recharge takes place at the intersections of faults and rivers. In this modeling, fracture geometry and orientation are analysed first. The results are used to calculate groundwater table distribution by using Gale Method and hydraulic conductivity by using Oda et.al. Method. Both parameters are used to construct two dimensional hydrogeological modeling, to know distribution of groundwater flow vector in the research area. This research reveals that hydraulic conductivity in this area is heterogeneus, not homogeneous, as was assumed in the previous modeling. The hydrogeologic model shows that groundwater flow is concentrated to the northwest of Stope # 6

Neural precursors of deliberate and arbitrary decisions in the study of voluntary action

The readiness potential (RP)--a key ERP correlate of upcoming action--is known to precede subjects' reports of their decision to move. Some view this as evidence against a causal role for consciousness in human decision-making and thus against free-will. Yet those studies focused on arbitrary decisions--purposeless, unreasoned, and without consequences. It remains unknown to what degree the RP generalizes to deliberate, more ecological decisions. We directly compared deliberate and arbitrary decision-making during a $1000-donation task to non-profit organizations. While we found the expected RPs for arbitrary decisions, they were strikingly absent for deliberate ones. Our results and drift-diffusion model are congruent with the RP representing accumulation of noisy, random fluctuations that drive arbitrary--but not deliberate--decisions. They further point to different neural mechanisms underlying deliberate and arbitrary decisions, challenging the generalizability of studies that argue for no causal role for consciousness in decision-making to real-life decisions

Neural precursors of deliberate and arbitrary decisions in the study of voluntary action

The readiness potential (RP)--a key ERP correlate of upcoming action--is known to precede subjects' reports of their decision to move. Some view this as evidence against a causal role for consciousness in human decision-making and thus against free-will. Yet those studies focused on arbitrary decisions--purposeless, unreasoned, and without consequences. It remains unknown to what degree the RP generalizes to deliberate, more ecological decisions. We directly compared deliberate and arbitrary decision-making during a $1000-donation task to non-profit organizations. While we found the expected RPs for arbitrary decisions, they were strikingly absent for deliberate ones. Our results and drift-diffusion model are congruent with the RP representing accumulation of noisy, random fluctuations that drive arbitrary--but not deliberate--decisions. They further point to different neural mechanisms underlying deliberate and arbitrary decisions, challenging the generalizability of studies that argue for no causal role for consciousness in decision-making to real-life decisions

Antimicrobial properties of new co-ordination compounds of metals with citric acid

Координационные соединения металлов — кобальта, германия, олова с лимонной кислотой подавляли рост штаммов Staphylococcus aureus, обладающих различным уровнем антибиотикорезистентности. Кобальтсодержащие соединения проявляли большую антимикробную активность.Wide application of antibiotics in medicine is accompanied with spreading antibioticresistent strains of staphylococcus. That is why there is conducted a constant search for new effective anti-staphylococcal medicines. Purpose of research — studying anti-staphylococcal activity of the coordination compounds of metals — cobalt, germanium, tin with the citric acid on staphylococcus strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATSS 25923, Staphylococcus aureus 2781, Staphylococcus aureus Cunda. Materials and methods. For studying sensitivity it was used a method of serial dilution in the fluid culture — the minimal concentrations of compounds were determined. Measuring turbidity of bacterial suspensions was conducted on densitometer, and value of optical density of suspension were interpreted by Mac-Farland turbidity unit (McF). Results of research. The examined compounds supressed growth of strains of Staphylococcus aureus, possessing a different level of antibiotic resistance. The cobalt-containing compound revealed high antimicrobial activit

ШЛЯХИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ ПІД ЧАС ПРОХОДЖЕННЯ ЛІТНЬОЇ ВИРОБНИЧОЇ ПРАКТИКИ

The aim of the work – tо іncrease the effectiveness and quality of student training by optimizing the practical training of future doctors during the summer production practice. The main body. The task of the higher medical education is to provide high professional training of specialists. The practice of students in clinics is one of the forms in the educational process and its essential component. A significant role in the formation of the future physicians’ personality is played by the formation of a value attitude to human life. Working with students, it is necessary to emphasize that the specificity of their future professional activity requires priority manifestation of such moral qualities as humanity, empathy, tolerance, honesty, especially in working with such categories as children, with special needs, hopelessly ill, etc. In the process of professional education of medical students, the preparation of various activities of volunteer units contributes to the formation of humanity, compassion, new skills of psychological support and communication with a special category of patients. As an example, our experience of medical students working in the Ternopil regional specialized child’s home and in the international prosperity fund Caritas in Ternopil during their summer practice. Conclusion. Formation of moral qualities of students of higher educational institutions is the basis of personal formation and requires the development of a specific model and the attraction to teaching and educational work of various methods and approaches. We suggest involving students during the summer practice in volunteer work (visiting orphanages, oncology departments for children, social organizations, etc.) in the framework of constructive cooperation.Мета роботи – підвищити ефективність та якість навчання студентів шляхом оптимізації практичної підготовки майбутніх лікарів під час проходження літньої виробничої практики. Основна частина. Перед вищою медичною освітою стоїть завдання – забезпечити високу професійну підготовку фахівців. Виробнича практика студентів є однією з форм навчального процесу і його суттєвою складовою частиною. Велику роль у становленні особистості майбутнього лікаря відіграє формування ціннісного ставлення до людського життя. Працюючи зі студентами, доцільно акцентувати увагу на тому, що специфіка їх майбутньої професійної діяльності потребує пріоритетного прояву таких моральних якостей, як гуманність, емпатійність, толерантність, чесність, а надто в роботі з такими категоріями, як діти, люди з особливими потребами, безнадійно хворі тощо. В процесі професійної освіти студентів-медиків підготовка різноманітних заходів волонтерських загонів сприяє формуванню людяності, співчуття, навиків психологічної підтримки та спілкування з особливою категорією пацієнтів. Як приклад, наш досвід роботи студентів-медиків у Тернопільському обласному спеціалізованому будинку дитини та соціальному центрі ТБФ “Карітас” під час проходження літньої виробничої практики. Висновок. Формування моральних якостей студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів – основа особистісного становлення і потребує розробки конкретної моделі та залучення до навчально-виховної роботи різноманітних методик та підходів, рекомендуємо долучати студентів у період літньої виробничої практики до різноманітних заходів волонтерських загонів (відвідування дитячих будинків, онкологічних лікарень для дітей, соціальних організацій тощо) в рамках конструктивного співробітництва

Клинические аспекты реабилитации больных туберкулезом в амбулаторных условиях

We examined 21093 patients with different bronchopulmonary pathologies to verify the diagnosis and perform treatment and rehabilitation in a specialized pulmonologic diagnostic and rehabilitation center. 17167 radiological and computed tomographic investigations, 5047 sputum examinations and 5597 lung function tests were performed. Ventilation disorders were revealed in 79.6% of the patients, they were severe in 33.2%. Results of the treatment and rehabilitation settings were analyzed in 2416 patients. Dyspnoe disappeared in 71.5%, cough stopped in 80.6%, sputum expectoration stopped in 78.2% of the patients. Lung function became normal in 64% and its disorders reduced to moderate in 30.2%. Among the patients who had received bronchodilators constantly before the rehabilitation 68.3% abolished them and 31.7% reduced the doses. A stable period lengthened up to 6-8 months in chronic bronchitis patients and to 3-4 months in bronchial asthma patients.So, outpatient rehabilitation of ventilation disorders in a stable period facilitates respiratory function to become normal, reduces drug consumption and cost of the treatment, improves the quality of life.В созданном специализированном диагностическом, лечебно-реабилитационном пульмонологическом центре амбулаторно обследованы 21 093 пациента с различными видами бронхолегочной патологии в целях верификации диагноза и проведения лечебно-реабилитационных мероприятий. Проведено 17 167 рентгенотомографических исследований, 5947 исследований мокроты, 5597 бронхоспирометрических исследований функции дыхания. Вентиляционные нарушения выявлены у 79,6%, значительные и резко выраженные имели место у 33,2%. Проанализированы результаты лечебно-реабилитационных мероприятий у 2417 пациентов. Одышка перестала определяться у 71,5%, кашель – у 80,6%, мокрота – у 78,2% больных. Вентиляционные нарушения нормализовались у 64%, а у 30,2% стали умеренными. Из числа постоянно получавших бронходилататоры до реабилитации 68,3% отказались от их приема, а 31,7% пациентов снизили дозы. Период ремиссии удлинился при ХОБ до 6-8 мес, при бронхиальной астме – до 3-4 мес.Амбулаторная реабилитация функции дыхания в периоде ремиссии способствует восстановлению респираторной функции, снижает медикаментозную нагрузку и экономические затраты на лечение больного, улучшает качество жизни больного

Crowding by Invisible Flankers

BACKGROUND: Human object recognition degrades sharply as the target object moves from central vision into peripheral vision. In particular, one's ability to recognize a peripheral target is severely impaired by the presence of flanking objects, a phenomenon known as visual crowding. Recent studies on how visual awareness of flanker existence influences crowding had shown mixed results. More importantly, it is not known whether conscious awareness of the existence of both the target and flankers are necessary for crowding to occur. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we show that crowding persists even when people are completely unaware of the flankers, which are rendered invisible through the continuous flash suppression technique. Contrast threshold for identifying the orientation of a grating pattern was elevated in the flanked condition, even when the subjects reported that they were unaware of the perceptually suppressed flankers. Moreover, we find that orientation-specific adaptation is attenuated by flankers even when both the target and flankers are invisible. CONCLUSIONS: These findings complement the suggested correlation between crowding and visual awareness. What's more, our results demonstrate that conscious awareness and attention are not prerequisite for crowding

#EEGManyLabs: Investigating the Replicability of Influential EEG Experiments

There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations. © 2021 The Authors

#EEGManyLabs: Investigating the replicability of influential EEG experiments

There is growing awareness across the neuroscience community that the replicability of findings about the relationship between brain activity and cognitive phenomena can be improved by conducting studies with high statistical power that adhere to well-defined and standardised analysis pipelines. Inspired by recent efforts from the psychological sciences, and with the desire to examine some of the foundational findings using electroencephalography (EEG), we have launched #EEGManyLabs, a large-scale international collaborative replication effort. Since its discovery in the early 20th century, EEG has had a profound influence on our understanding of human cognition, but there is limited evidence on the replicability of some of the most highly cited discoveries. After a systematic search and selection process, we have identified 27 of the most influential and continually cited studies in the field. We plan to directly test the replicability of key findings from 20 of these studies in teams of at least three independent laboratories. The design and protocol of each replication effort will be submitted as a Registered Report and peer-reviewed prior to data collection. Prediction markets, open to all EEG researchers, will be used as a forecasting tool to examine which findings the community expects to replicate. This project will update our confidence in some of the most influential EEG findings and generate a large open access database that can be used to inform future research practices. Finally, through this international effort, we hope to create a cultural shift towards inclusive, high-powered multi-laboratory collaborations