Troubling Questions: A Review of \u3cem\u3eThe Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal\u3c/em\u3e

A Review of The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal: Penal Policy and Social Purpose by Francis A. Alle

Resilience and Coping in the Adolescent and Young Adult with Type 1 Diabetes

There is a need to understand the roles coping strategies play in enhancing resilience in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes between the ages of 18-30. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between and among positive, protective coping strategies (courageous coping), negative coping strategies (defensive coping), and resilience. The Resilience in Illness Model (Haase, Kinter, Monahan, & Robb, 2014) was the theoretical model which guided this research. A convenience sample was recruited via diabetes organizations’ Facebook and Forum pages, a College Diabetes Network chapter meeting, and Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundations’ (JDRF) sponsored events. Data were collected both online via SurveyMonkey™ and in paper form at sponsored events. The survey consisted of the demographic information form, the Jalowiec Coping Scale, and the Resilience Scale. Participants consisted largely of white (91%), educated (91%) females (79%). Females scored significantly higher than their male counterparts in the use of courageous coping strategies (F (1, 64) = 11.98, p = .001). There were no significant differences found between each of the age categories (18-19, 20-24, 25-30) on courageous coping, defensive coping, and resilience scale scores. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to examine whether resilience was predicted from a linear combination of the five coping subscales. Correlations between each of the coping subscales and resilience showed the subscales confrontive (.52), optimistic (.39), and supportant (.25) to be significantly positively correlated (p \u3c .05). The evasive subscale (-.31) was significantly negatively correlated with resilience (p \u3c .05). A multiple regression analysis for two unordered sets of predictors (courageous coping and defensive coping) to predict resilience was performed. Both regression equations were significant (p \u3c .05). Partial correlational analysis showed, that both courageous coping and defensive coping act to modify the effects of the other in the promotion of resilience. Coping strategies play a significant role in enhancing resilience in AYA with type 1 diabetes. This study supports past research identifying active coping or problem focused coping, as coping strategies, which are associated with positive adaptive outcomes such as enhanced resilience

The Experiences of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer Students in Social Work Programs. A Study Report from the CSWE Council on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity and Expression

This online North American study of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) social work students (n=1,018) in bachelor of social work (BSW; 24%) or master’s of social work (MSW; 76%) programs explored educational experiences in 126 programs in 44 U. S. states and 7 Canadian provinces. Forty-four percent of students reported limited inclusion of LGBTQ content in classes, yet 64% indicated some degree of support for their LGBTQ identities in their programs. One-third reported homophobic experiences in programs, yet many (63%) were aware of “out” LGBTQ faculty. Overall, students reported fairly low levels of self-assessed practice readiness with specific subpopulations (i.e., gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender), with participants reporting the highest (somewhat prepared) self-assessed readiness with gay populations and the lowest (not well-prepared) self-assessed readiness with transgender populations. Participants suggested lower readiness for their non-LGBTQ colleagues. Implications for social work education are discussed

Interstellar Polarization in the Taurus Dark Clouds, Wavelength Dependent Position Angles and Cloud Structure Near TMC-1

We use polarimetric observations of two stars (HD29647, HD283809) in the general direction of TMC-1 in the Taurus Dark Cloud to investigate grain properties and cloud structure in this region. We show the data to be consistent with a simple two-component model, in which general interstellar polarization in the Taurus Cloud is produced by a widely distributed cloud component with relatively uniform magnetic field orientation; the light from stars close to TMC-1 suffers additional polarization arising in one (or more) subcloud(s) with larger average grain size and different magnetic field directions compared with the general trend. Towards HD29647, in particular, we show that the unusually low degree of visual polarization relative to extinction is due to the presence of distinct cloud components in the line of sight with markedly different magnetic field orientations. Stokes parameter calculations allow us to separate out the polarization characteristics of the individual components. Results are fit with the Serkowski empirical formula to determine the degree and wavelength of maximum polarization. Whereas lambda_max values in the widely distributed material are similar to the average (0.55um) for the diffuse interstellar medium, the subcloud in line of sight to HD~283809, the most heavily reddened star in our study, has lambda_max approx. 0.73um, indicating the presence of grains about 30% larger than this average. Our model also predicts detectable levels of circular polarization toward both HD~29647 and HD~283809.Comment: 17 pages including 6 figures, LaTeX, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, vol 48

Maternal postpartum depression is a risk factor for infant emotional variability at 4 months

Maternal postpartum depression (PPD) is a risk for disruption of mother–infant interaction. Infants of depressed mothers have been found to display less positive, more negative, and neutral affect. Other studies have found that infants of mothers with PPD inhibit both positive and negative affect. In a sample of 28 infants of mothers with PPD and 52 infants of nonclinical mothers, we examined the role of PPD diagnosis and symptoms for infants’ emotional variability, measured as facial expressions, vocal protest, and gaze using microanalysis, during a mother–infant face-to-face interaction. PPD symptoms and diagnosis were associated with (a) infants displaying fewer high negative, but more neutral/interest facial affect events, and (b) fewer gaze off events. PPD diagnosis, but not symptoms, was associated with less infant vocal protest. Total duration of seconds of infant facial affective displays and gaze off was not related to PPD diagnosis or symptoms, suggesting that when infants of depressed mothers display high negative facial affect or gaze off, these expressions are more sustained, indicating lower infant ability to calm down and re-engage, interpreted as a disturbance in self-regulation. The findings highlight the importance of not only examining durations, but also frequencies, as the latter may inform infant emotional variability

Study of fuel cells using storable rocket propellants Final report, 18 Aug. 1965 - 23 Jun. 1969

Operating fuel cells on gaseous nitrogen tetroxide and aerozine 5

Predictive impact of rare genomic copy number variations in siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders.

Identification of genetic biomarkers associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) could improve recurrence prediction for families with a child with ASD. Here, we describe clinical microarray findings for 253 longitudinally phenotyped ASD families from the Baby Siblings Research Consortium (BSRC), encompassing 288 infant siblings. By age 3, 103 siblings (35.8%) were diagnosed with ASD and 54 (18.8%) were developing atypically. Thirteen siblings have copy number variants (CNVs) involving ASD-relevant genes: 6 with ASD, 5 atypically developing, and 2 typically developing. Within these families, an ASD-related CNV in a sibling has a positive predictive value (PPV) for ASD or atypical development of 0.83; the Simons Simplex Collection of ASD families shows similar PPVs. Polygenic risk analyses suggest that common genetic variants may also contribute to ASD. CNV findings would have been pre-symptomatically predictive of ASD or atypical development in 11 (7%) of the 157 BSRC siblings who were eventually diagnosed clinically

Adolescent Relationship Violence: Help-Seeking and Help-Giving Behaviors among Peers

Young people tend to disclose relationship violence experiences to their peers, if they disclose at all, yet little is known about the nature and frequency of adolescent help-seeking and help-giving behaviors. Conducted within a sample of 1,312 young people from four New York City high schools, this is the first paper to ask adolescent help-givers about the various forms of help they provide and among the first to examine how ethnicity and nativity impact help-seeking behaviors. Relationship violence victims who had ever disclosed (61 %) were more likely to choose their friends for informal support. Ethnicity was predictive of adolescent disclosure outlets, whereas gender and nativity were not. Latinos were significantly less likely than non-Latinos to ever disclose to only friends, as compared to disclosing to at least one adult. The likelihood of a young person giving help to their friend in a violent relationship is associated with gender, ethnicity, and nativity, with males being significantly less likely than females to give all forms of help to their friends (talking to their friends about the violence, suggesting options, and taking action). Foreign-born adolescents are less likely to talk or suggest options to friends in violent relationships. This study also found that Latinos were significantly more likely than non-Latinos to report taking action with or on behalf of a friend in a violent relationship. This research shows that adolescents often rely on each other to address relationship violence, underlining the importance of adolescents’ receipt of training and education on how to support their friends, including when to seek help from more formal services. To further understand the valuable role played by adolescent peers of victims, future research should explore both which forms of help are perceived by the victim to be most helpful and which are associated with more positive outcomes