29 research outputs found
Social capital and efficiency in resource utilization among cassava-based farmers in southwestern Nigeria
Strategies dâadaptation des riziculteurs aux effets du changement climatique dans la Commune de Malanville au Benin
Le secteur agricole pourvoyeur de ressources financiĂšres et alimentaires est confrontĂ© Ă de nombreux problĂšmes dont les perturbations naturelles inhĂ©rentes au changement climatique. LâĂ©tude a analysĂ© les manifestations du changement climatique sur la production du riz et les stratĂ©gies dâadaptation dĂ©veloppĂ©es par les riziculteurs au Nord BĂ©nin. Des donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies auprĂšs de 80 riziculteurs dans deux arrondissements de la commune de Malanville au Nord BĂ©nin. Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© faites au moyen des statistiques descriptives, des tests statistiques et une regression logistique qui a permis dâestimer les dĂ©terminants de lâadoption des stratĂ©gies dâadaptation des riziculteurs. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent que 100% des riziculteurs remarquent les manifestations du changement climatique. Ces manifestations se traduisent par lâaugmentation des prĂ©cipitations/ inondations, le retard des pluies et les vents violents. En rĂ©ponse Ă ces changements, les riziculteurs adoptent diffĂ©rentes stratĂ©gies dont les plus rĂ©pandues sont lâutilisation des semences amĂ©liorĂ©es, la culture de contre saison et le drainage des eaux excĂ©dentaires. LâĂ©ducation formelle, le nombre dâannĂ©e dâexpĂ©rience dans la riziculture, la superficie exploitĂ©e, la superficie allouĂ©e Ă la riziculture, lâappartenance Ă un groupement et lâaccĂšs au crĂ©dit agricole ont un effet positif et significatif sur la dĂ©cision des riziculteurs Ă sâadapter au changement climatique.
English title: rice farmersâ adaptation strategies to climate change effects in the Municipality of Malanville in Benin
Abstract
The agricultural sector, which provides financial and food resources, is facing many challenges including the natural disturbances due to climate change. This paper has analyzed the manifestations of climate change on rice production and the adaptation strategies developed by rice farmers in Northern Benin. Data have been collected from 80 rice farmers in two villages of the districts of Malanville in Benin. These data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, statistical tests and regression to identify the factors influencing adaptation strategies adoption by farmers. The results show that 100% of rice farmers noticed the manifestations of climate change. These events are reflected in increased rainfall / flooding, delayed rains, strong wind blowing during the rainy season, poor distribution of rains. In response to these changes, rice farmers adopted different adaptation strategies such as the use of improved seeds, off-season cultivation, changing sowing dates, drainage of excess water and varietal adaptation. Formal education, the number of years of experience in rice production, the area farmed, the area allocated to rice production, the farmerâs organization membership, the participation in agricultural training and access to agricultural credit have positive and significant effects on the decision of rice farmers to adapt to climate change manifestations.
Keywords: Climate changes, adaptation strategies, rice production, Malanville, Beni
Dynamics of conflict in participatory forest management in Benin : a framing perspective
Beninâs protected areas were created during the colonial period between 1940 and 1960. The colonial administration established them by confiscating rural land and putting it under government control without the consent of the local communities, who considered that their land had been expropriated. From the time that they were created until the early 1990s, these protected areas were managed solely by government officials. Local communities were considered as undesirable in the management of these resources and were kept away from them by force and repression. Many conflicts set the forest rangers and local communities in opposition to each other in relation to access to, and use of, the resources in the protected areas. This management system also proved to be inefficient in terms of conservation of these protected areas, where degradation increased over time.Participatory management of protected areas was enacted in Beninin 1993. After a seemingly promising start of participatory management efforts, conflicts have re-emerged in many protected areas. This makes it relevant to gain a better understanding of why and how such conflicts emerge. Three cases of conflict in participatory management of protected areas were investigated. A framing perspective was used in order to develop a better understanding of conflict in such settings. The various cases studied show that the idea that conflicts in natural resources management occur when there are disagreements and disputes regarding access to, and management of, the natural resources is only one side of the story. The thesis indicates that conflict about natural resources management are not only about bio-physical resources; symbolic resources, including social status, moral values, trust and other identity-related issues, play decisive roles as well. In this line of thought, the thesis shows that the co-construction and the dynamics of the social identities of the stakeholders involved in natural resources management tended to reinforce conflicts in the different cases. In addition, the thesis demonstrates that trust is an important variable in the participatory management of natural resources. It makes clear that trust is not a static state or a given characteristic of a relationship, but must be regarded as highly dynamic and constantly negotiated over time. The thesis also makes clear that formal institutions provide the initial framework for legitimate action and become intertwined with informal institutions that become decisive in the achievement of the objectives of the process. However, although formal and informal institutions are both important and can reinforce each other, the intertwining of formal and informal institutions may result in problems and conflict, especially when there is discontinuity and turn-over with regard to participants. A final cross-cutting conclusion is that conflicts are gradually co-constructed by stakeholders in discourse. In everyday conversation, people create realities that become a source of conflict. An important practical implication of the study is that those involved in facilitating community-based forest management should develop better concepts and strategies to âmanageâ and facilitate inter-human processes. Framing analysis helps to identify inter-human processes and dynamics that are easily overlooked but are critically important in shaping the course and outcomes of participatory processes. Keywords: Participation, conflict, framing, interpretive approach, discourse, case-study, trust, institutions, social cohesion, social identity, protected areas, Benin.</p
Mecanismes de financement des fournisseurs des noix dâanacarde aux unites de transformation dans le nord Benin
La filiĂšre anacarde figure parmi les filiĂšres Ă forte valeur ajoutĂ©e au BĂ©nin. Cette valeur ajoutĂ©e est gĂ©nĂ©ralement crĂ©Ă©e par lâexportation des noix brutes et non leur transformation. Cette Ă©tude se propose dâanalyser les mĂ©canismes de financement des fournisseurs des noix dâanacarde aux unitĂ©s de transformation dans le nord BĂ©nin. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es auprĂšs de 243 acteurs soit 240 producteurs et 03 unitĂ©s de transformation dans les communes de Tchaourou, Nikki et BembĂ©rĂ©kĂ©. Ces communes sont des zones oĂč au moins deux unitĂ©s sâapprovisionnent ensemble en noix dâanacarde. LâĂ©chantillonnage a Ă©tĂ© raisonnĂ©. Une rĂ©gression logistique a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e pour dĂ©terminer les facteurs influençant lâaccĂšs aux crĂ©dits. La statistique descriptive a permis dâapprĂ©cier la perception des producteurs de noix par rapport aux conditions dâaccĂšs au financement. Les rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent que les producteurs ont accĂšs Ă deux services de crĂ©dit: Agri Finance et PADME. La quantitĂ© de noix vendue par la coopĂ©rative Ă laquelle appartient le producteur, lâethnie, la vente de noix Ă lâunitĂ© Gebana et la vente de noix Ă lâunitĂ© Afokantan dĂ©terminent lâaccĂšs au crĂ©dit. Les producteurs ont souvent des difficultĂ©s Ă rembourser le crĂ©dit octroyĂ© auprĂšs dâAgri Finance contrairement au crĂ©dit de PADME.Mots-clĂ©s : Financement Agricole, UnitĂ© de transformation, Noix dâanacarde, Nord BĂ©nin Financing mechanisms of cashew nuts suppliers to processing units in northern BeninThe cashew nut sector is one of the high value-added sectors in Benin. This value is predominantly created by the export of raw nuts and not their processing on place. This study aims to analyze the financing mechanisms of suppliers of cashew nuts to processing units in northern Benin. Data were collected from 243 actors either 240 producers and 03 processing units in the cities of Tchaourou, Nikki and Bembereke. These cities are areas where at least two units are supplied with cashew nuts from the same providers. The sampling was reasoned. A logistic regression was performed to determine the factors influencing access to credit. The use of descriptive statistic allowed to assess the perception of nut producers with regard to the conditions of access to financing. The results reveal that cashew nuts providers have access to two services of credit: Agri Finance and PADME. Variables such as the quantity of nuts sold by the cooperative they belong to, the ethnic group, the sale of nuts to the ââGebana» unit and the sale of nuts to the Afokantan unit determine access to credit. Producers often have difficulty repaying the credit granted to Agri Finance, unlike the PADME credit.Keywords: Agricultural financing, Processing unit, Cashew nuts, Northern Beni
Determinants of cocoa farmerâs participation in the innovation platform of the humidtropics programme in Southwestern Nigeria
Open Access JournalIn an effort to determine factors influencing cocoa farmerâs participation in innovation platform (IP) activities of the Humidtropics programme, data was collected from purposively selected 177 farmers using multistage technique sampling technique and was gathered through the use of structured interview schedule. Data were collected and analyzed with percentage, frequency counts, mean, standard deviation and factor analysis. The study shows the mean age of the cocoa farmers in the IP to be 51.16±12.64 with about 52% aged above 50 years, female were only (23.73%), with more than 75th percentile literacy level and only about 31% of respondents generate annual income from farming above âŠ50,000 while about 70% made below âŠ40,000 extra income from other occupation. The mean farm size was 16.87 ±16.04 acre, farming experience 25.42±10.48 years and household size was 9.78±5.52. The six significant determinants of cocoa farmerâs participation in IP arranged in order of magnitude are psychological factor (λ = 3.158), experience factor (λ = 2.164), community related factor (λ = 1.697) educational factor (λ = 1.854), economic factor (λ =1.438) and internal factor (λ = 1.113). The summative effect of the identified factors accounted for 76.17 % variation observed in cocoa farmerâs participation in the IP
Stakeholders' participation in innovation platform in west Africa: implications on livelihood outcomes
Discourses of conflict and collaboration and institutional context in the implementation of forest conservation policies in Soria, Spain
This article examines the emergence of conflict and collaboration in the implementation of forest conservation policies in Soria, Spain. We draw insights from discursive institutionalism and use a comparative case study approach to analyse and compare a situation of social conflict over the Natural Park declaration in the Sierra de UrbiĂłn, and a civil society led collaborative process to develop management plans for the âSierra de Cabrejasâ in Soria. The implementation of the EU Habitats Directive generated different outcomes in these two cases, which unfolded in the context of the same nature conservation legislation and national and provincial administrative structures but differed in terms of types of forests involved, property rights arrangements and forest use histories. We critically examine the influence of the institutional context and dominant discourses on the emergence of outcomes: conflict emerged where local institutions and discourses were threatened by the EU directive, while collaboration was possible where local institutions and counter-discourses were weak. We find that the institutional context plays an important part in determining local discourses in the implementation of forest conservation policies. Yet local counter-discourses have limited influence in the implementation and policy processes in the face of contestation by the discourses of regional civil servants conservation activists
UNDERSTANDING CONFLICTâS DYNAMICS IN PARTICIPATORY NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT: A CRITICAL REVIEW
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From cohesion to conflict in participatory forest management: The case of Ouémé Supérieur and N'Dali (OSN) forests in Benin
Community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) was introduced in Benin in the early 1990s. Because of the initially positive results, the Forest Department decided to continue and scale up this participatory approach to all Benin's protected areas. Focusing on the relationships between the actors involved, this paper seeks to explain the dynamics of the participatory management process in the Ouémé Supérieur and N'Dali forests in Northern Benin. The analysis is based on data gathered from interviews with the different actors involved. The study shows that social cohesion between people involved in CBNRM, the Forest Rangers and local communities was built at the beginning of the process, but then disappeared and was followed by conflict. Stakeholders interpreted and made sense of formally declared participatory management rules (formal institutions) and gradually developed informal relationships, rules and routines (informal institutions) that facilitated the collaboration process and resulted in social cohesion. Conflicts and distrust emerged when replacement CBNRM officers did not respect the informal rules of conduct. The case shows that it is the state of informal rules and relationships that determines the success of a collaborative process rather than formally declared institutions; hence this should be recognized