Modelling Dynamically Re-sizeable Electrodes (DRE) for Targeted Transcutaneous Measurements in Impedance Plethysmography

Impedance plethysmography of extremities typically uses band electrodes around limbs to monitor changes in blood volume. This often causes monitored blood variations to only generate minuscule impedance values relative to the measured baseline, attributed to the tissue surrounding the artery or vein of interest. Smaller, ECG type electrodes can provide a larger signal, however their output is very easily affected by the placement of the electrodes relative to the targeted vasculature. This paper presents a novel method to adjust the active surface of electrodes, introducing Dynamically Re-sizeable Electrodes (DRE), to only target the exact area of interest, forming localised electrodes, without having to manually re-position them. Elongated rectangular electrodes were partitioned into smaller electrode segments, interconnected through custom circuitry. For the development and assessment of the DRE system, work was carried out both experimentally in-vitro on gelatine phantoms using custom switching circuits and through finite element modelling (FEM) simulations in COMSOL. A scanning sequence made use of DRE in single segment variable tetra-pole (SSVT) mode proved capable to identify the transcutaneous location of the blood vessel of interest and the specific electrode segments located in its vicinity. Impedance measurements were then taken using these segments connected to form localised electrodes only placed over the targeted vessel. The resulting localised electrodes exhibited up to 28% increased sensitivity to blood variations relative to larger electrodes

Syntagmatic And Paradigmatic Features Of Relative Syntagmas In Azerbaijani And English Languages

The article deals with the definition of syntagma and relative syntagmas in Azerbaijani and English languages. At the same time, they are researched as syntactic units of linguistics. They are classified according to their types. Also, their meaning is spoken of widely in the article. It also talks about the semantic and stylistic features of syntagma as a unit of syntax. Syntagma is investigated as a syntactic unit of linguistics. Also, it comprehensively highlights its importance. This unit consisting of two members of the combined words is used in the functions of determining and being determined. It is explained as a semantic-syntactic event, and it studied and developed its semantic features. Signs perform the system of approaches in the form of syntagmatics and paradigmatics. Syntagmatic approaches are based on distributive potentials of signs. Their valence, but paradigmatic approaches are based on the selection of definite element of paradigm signs. Thus, this is the reason Saussure considers the morphology as the “sphere of paradigmatics”. The syntax is, however, known as the “sphere of syntagmatics”. A notion of “verticality” and “horizontality” exists even in the row of language signs of classic linguistics. Therefore, syntagmatics is explained as a “horizontality”, but paradigmatics as a “verticality”

Photon signature analysis using template matching

We describe an approach to detect improvised explosive devices (IEDs) by using a template matching procedure. This approach relies on the signature due to backstreaming ? photons from various targets. In this work we have simulated cylindrical targets of aluminum, iron, copper, water and ammonium nitrate (nitrogen-rich fertilizer). We simulate 3.5 MeV source photons distributed on a plane inside a shielded area using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP TM) code version 5 (V5). The 3.5 MeV source gamma rays yield 511 keV peaks due to pair production and scattered gamma rays. In this work, we simulate capture of those photons that backstream, after impinging on the target element, toward a NaI detector. The captured backstreamed photons are expected to produce a unique spectrum that will become part of a simple signal processing recognition system based on the template matching method. Different elements were simulated using different sets of random numbers in the Monte Carlo simulation. To date, the sum of absolute differences (SAD) method has been used to match the template. In the examples investigated, template matching was found to detect all elements correctly

Thermal effect of wind generation on conventional generator in a microgrid

In order to reduce CO2 emissions, which is one of the key strategy in combatting global warming, development of wind energy technology as source of renewable energy has become more important globally. However, the variability of the wind speeds leads to the intermittent nature of wind power generation. The conventional generators in the system must be able to compensate this fluctuation to maintain system stability and meet the load demand in the grid. This in turn may increase the temperature of the conventional generators beyond what normally occurs without wind generation in the grid. The aim of the paper is to inestigate the effect of thermal heating of the generators due to the variable output of wind generation in different time of the year in a microgrid by proposing proper modelling in the simulation. The simulations are done in 24 hours period in four different time of the years corresponding to different seasons of the year

Vitamin B, Relative Nutritive Value and Palatability of Germinated Com (Zea mays L.) 1

Changes in the riboflavin, niacin, thiamin and Relative Nutritive Value (RNV) in germinated com were studied. The corn were germinated for four days at 30°C and then dried at 50°C and ground. The vitamins were analysed by microbiological methods. The RNV was analysed by using Tetrahymena pyriformis W ATCC 10542. Acceptability was evaluated on corn chips made from germinated com. The three vitamins and the Relative Nutritive Value of the corn chips were also analysed

IN VITRO ANTIPLATELET ACTIVITY OF AN ISOFLAVANONE ISOLATED FROM METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF EMBLICA OFFICINALIS FRUITS

Objective: In this study, we aimed to isolate a polyphenolic compound from a polyphenolic-rich fraction from Emblica officinalis fruits and also study its effect on adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen-induced in vitro platelet aggregation. Methods: The polyphenolic-rich fraction was prepared by 80% methanolic extraction. The residue was extracted successively with hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Ethyl acetate residue was selected for column chromatography because of its high polyphenolic content. It was subjected to repeated column chromatography of series with different eluents of increasing polarity. A brown amorphous powder was obtained from ethyl acetate: methanol (7:3) fraction. This sample was subjected to UV-visible spectrum, IR spectrum, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and electrospray mass spectrum (ES-MS) studies for its structural elucidation. Results: A compound, 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy 3'-methoxy isoflavanone was identified from polyphenolic rich ethyl acetate: methanol (7:3) fraction separated from the 80% methanolic extract of Embica officinalis fruits by repeated column chromatography. Yield of the compound was 421.05 mg/kg. This compound exhibited antiplatelet activity well comparable with that of quercetin. Conclusion: The present study proved that the isolated compound 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy 3'-methoxy isoflavanone exerts a significant inhibitory activity on ADP and collagen-induced in vitro platelet aggregation, which can be considered as an effective remedy for alleviating complications of cardiovascular diseases