A fractional kinetic process describing the intermediate time behaviour of cellular flows

This paper studies the intermediate time behaviour of a small random perturbation of a periodic cellular flow. Our main result shows that on time scales shorter than the diffusive time scale, the limiting behaviour of trajectories that start close enough to cell boundaries is a fractional kinetic process: A Brownian motion time changed by the local time of an independent Brownian motion. Our proof uses the Freidlin-Wentzell framework, and the key step is to establish an analogous averaging principle on shorter time scales. As a consequence of our main theorem, we obtain a homogenization result for the associated advection-diffusion equation. We show that on intermediate time scales the effective equation is a fractional time PDE that arises in modelling anomalous diffusion

Mikroszatellita lokuszok evolúciója a görögdinnyében (Citrullus lanatus) a középkor óta; (CT)3 deléció a (CT)26 nSSR-ban.

Görögdinnye (Citrullus lanatus) magleletekből (13. sz., Debrecen; 15. sz. Buda; 18. sz. Pannonhalma) DNS-izolálást, molekuláris (nSSR – nuclear simple sequence repeat; cpDNS – kloroplasztisz DNS) elemzést és fenotípusos fajtarekonstrukciót végeztünk 44 mai fajtával való összehasonlításban. Az elemzésben 47 primer-párt teszteltünk, ebből 26 primer-pár bizonyult hatékonynak a mai fajtákban, amelyek közül csak 16 volt aktív a középkori mintában. Az aktív primerek alkalmazásával szekvencia elemzést végeztünk a (CT)26-30 nSSR lokuszon, és a clp-12 cpDNS lokuszon. Megállapítottuk, hogy a középkori mintában még megtalálható (CT)3 szakasz a mai fajtában már delécióval kiesett az elmúlt 600 év során. Továbbá a cpDNS trnV (Jarret et al., 1997) lokuszán (tRNS-Valin; 299 bp) két szubsztitúciót azonosítottunk (102.196 és a 102.201 nt.-ben). A (CT)26-30 nSSR lokusz (196 bp) 122-130 bp szakaszán egy további (CT)4 inverziót is azonosítottunk, amely (CT)26-30 egyszerű mikroszatellita lokuszból kialakuló (CT)17-C-(TC)3-T-(CT)5 összetett mikroszatellita születését igazolja. Vizsgálataink során egy új retrotranszpozont (Cila-1) azonosítottunk. A középkori minta fajtarekonstrukciójához elkészítettük a 44 mai fajta morfológiai dendrogramját 25 fenotípusos bélyeg alapján. | The evolution of water melon (Citrullus lanatus) microsatellites from the 15th century (Debrecen); 13th (Buda); and 18th century, (Pannonhalma) were analyzed. Microsatellite (nSSR, nuclear simple sequence repeat) and cpDNA profiles of the aDNA (ancient DNA) of seed remains were compared to modern water melon cultivars and landraces. Sixteen primer pairs were applied. Sequence analysis at the (CT)26 and cpDNA trnV loci revealed a (CT)3 and Adenin deletions, respectively, form the current water melon cultivar compared to the medieval sample. Cila-1), a new LTR retrotansposon has been described. For morphological reconstruction, a dendrogram produced by SPSS11 based on the presence versus absence of 24 phenotypic characters were also analyzed

Comparative investigation of damage induced by diatomic and monoatomic ion implantation in silicon

The damaging effect of mono- and diatomic phosphorus and arsenic ions implanted into silicon was investigated by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and high-depth-resolution Rutherford backscattering and channeling techniques. A comparison was made between the two methods to check the capability of ellipsometry to examine the damage formed by room temperature implantation into silicon. For the analysis of the spectroscopic ellipsometry data we used the conventional method of assuming appropriate optical models and fitting the model parameters (layer thicknesses and volume fractions of the amorphous silicon component in the layers) by linear regression. The depth dependence of the damage was determined by both methods. It was revealed that SE can be used to investigate the radiation damage of semiconductors together with appropriate optical model construction which can be supported or independently checked by the channeling method. However, in case of low level damage (consisting mainly of isolated point defects) ellipsometry can give false results, overestimating the damage using inappropriate dielectric functions. In that case checking by other methods like channeling is desirable

Morfológiai diverzitás sárgadinnyében (Cucumis melo); egy középkori típus fajtarekonstrukciója

47 mai sárgadinnye tájfajta illetve fajta morfológiai diverzitás vizsgálatát végeztük el 23 fenotípusos bélyeg alapján, egy középkori lelet (15. sz. eleje) rekonstrukciójához, valamint az eltet 600 év során végbement mikroevolúciós folyamatok nyomonkövetésére. A vizsgálatok során felvételezett 47 mai sárgadinnye fajta kivétel nélkül besorolható volt az Európában elterjedt három fő terméstípusú csoportba: a cikkelyesen barázdás Kantalup (cantalupensis), a hálózatos-recés terméshéjú Retikulatusz (reticulatus), és a simahéjú Inodorusz (inodorus) csoportba. A párhuzamosan végzett molekuláris vizsgálatok, valamint az itt közölt morfológiai diagramm segítségével a középkori minta fajta-típusa meghatározható volt, amely egy inodorusz típusú, sima héjú, zöld húsú sárgadinnye lehetett, átmeneti formával a „Hógolyó” és a „Kősárga” tájfajta között. | Morphological diversity of melon (Cucumis melo); phenotype reconstruction of a medieval sample. Morphological diversity among 47 melon (Cucumis melo) cultivars and landraces from Hungarian germplasm collection (ABI, Tápiószele) were analyzed with an ultimate aim to characterize morphologically cv. Hógolyó, which showed the closest genetic similarity to a medieval melon recovered from the 15th century. Cultivars based on fruit morphology were grouped into the three main types of melon as reticulatus, cantalupensis and inodorus. Cluster analysis (by SPSS-11) based on 23 morphological (quantitative and qualitative) traits recorded revealed an extreme diversity among accessions, nevertheless cultivars were clustered into main melon clusters with only two exceptions of inodorus type cv. Zimovka J. and Afghanistan. Cultivars Sweet ananas and Ezüst ananász; and two Hungarian landraces Kisteleki and Nagycserkeszi showed close similarity. Cultivars Hógolyó and Túrkeve of inodorus type were also grouped in one cluster, which provide insight into the morphological reconstruction of the medieval melon recovered from the 15th century. These results also indicate that old Hungarian landraces could be re-introduced into breeding programs for broadening genetic base of melon

CALIBRATION OF SIMS MEASUREMENTS BY ION IMPLANTATION

The paper reviews some joint results of the above institutions in quantitative SIMS (Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry) analysis of implanted dopants. Quantification of the SIMS was achieved by implanting marker ions as standards prior to analysis. Feasibility of this technique was first demonstrated by Giber et al. (1982). Further considerations will be presented

Kinetics of TiSi2 formation by thin Ti films on Si

Silicide formation with Ti deposited on single crystal Si and Ti deposited on amorphous Si layers sequentially without breaking the vacuum was investigated using backscattering spectrometry and glancing-angle x-ray diffraction. For Ti deposited on amorphous Si, TiSi2 was formed with a rate proportional to (time)^1/2 and an activation energy of 1.8±0.1 eV. For Ti deposited on single crystal Si, the reaction rate was slower and the silicide layer was nonuniform in thickness. We attribute the difference in behavior to the presences of interfacial impurities in the case where Ti was deposited on single crystal Si

Effect of Temperature on the Size of Sedimentary Remains of Littoral Chydorids

The body size of aquatic invertebrates is, to a great extent, dependent on ambient temperature, but size distributions are also determined by other factors like food supply and predation. The effect of temperature on organisms is formulated in the temperature–size hypothesis, which predicts a smaller body size with increasing temperature. In this study, the effect of temperature on the subfossil remains of three littoral Cladocera (Alona affnis, A. quadrangularis, and Chydorus cf. sphaericus) was investigated. Exoskeletal remains of these species can be found in large numbers in lacustrine sediments and over a wide north–south range in Europe. The total length of both headshield and postabdomen for A. affinis and A. quadrangularis and carapace length for C. cf. sphaericus were measured to observe their response to changes in latitude and temperature. A different response to ambient temperature in the growth of body parts was observed. The size of the headshields of both Alona species and of the carapace of Chydorus was significantly larger in colder regions as opposed to warm ones. It turned out that the postabdomen was not a good predictor of ambient temperature. While the sizes of all remains increased with latitude, the sizes of the Alona remains was smaller in the mountain lakes of the Southern Carpathians than in other cold lakes, in this case in Finland, a fact indicative of the importance of other factors on size distribution. This study demonstrates that a morphological response to climate is present in littoral cladocerans, and, therefore, changes in the length of headshield and carapace may be used as a proxy for climate changes in paleolimnological records