Dinâmica da cobertura do solo brasileiro: projeto trees 3

Este trabalho trata da validação das classificações realizadas para o território brasileiro nos anos de 1990 e 2000 pelo projeto Global Monitoring (TREES-3), uma parceria entre a Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO) e o Joint Research Centre (JRC). O objetivo foi estimar a dinâmica da cobertura vegetal nas áreas de interesse no período de 1990 a 2000. Um total de 708 amostras de imagens Landsat com 400 km2 de área cada passou pelos processos de segmentação e classificação supervisionada. A validação foi feita visualmente com o auxílio do Google Earth e teve como resultado 16% de mudança da cobertura vegetal florestal para outro tipo de cobertura (other land cover) nas áreas já validadas, que são Amazônia, Cerrado e Maranhão. No Pampa houve um aumento de 2% de cobertura florestal, devido à crescente prática de plantio de florestas homogêneas, que consiste na plantação de pinus e eucalipto para exploração madeireira

Measurement of the tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers of the deuteron inelastic scattering off berillium at 5.0 GeV/c and 178 mr

Tensor Ayy and vector Ay analyzing powers in the inelastic scattering of deuterons with the momentum of 5.0 GeV/c on beryllium at an angle of 178 mr in the vicinity of the excitation of baryonic resonances with masses up to 1.8 GeV/c^2 have been measured. The Ayy data are in a good agreement with the previous data obtained at 4.5 and 5.5 GeV/c. The results of the experiment are compared with the predictions of the plane wave impulse approximation and \omega-meson exchange models.Comment: 18 pages, 9 figure

Light-cone QCD predictions for elastic ed-scattering in the intermediate energy region

The contributions of helicity-flip matrix elements to the deuteron form factors are discussed in the light-cone frame. Normalized $A(Q^2)$, $B(Q^2)$, $G_Q(Q^2)$ and $T_{20}$ are obtained in a simple QCD-inspired model. We find that $G_{+-}^+$ plays an important role in $G_Q(Q^2)$. Our numerical results are consistent with the data in the intermediate energy region.Comment: 9 pages, REVTeX file, 5 figure

Índice CEI aplicado a imagens MODIS para análise da área de soja no Oeste do Paraná.

A produção da soja vem ocupando posição de destaque no agronegócio brasileiro. Nesse cenário, o Estado do Paraná ocupa o segundo lugar, atrás apenas do Estado do Mato Grosso como maior produtor nacional. A partir dessa premissa, este trabalho utiliza-se de imagens do sensor MODIS aliadas com o índice Crop Enhancement Index (CEI) para a identificação de áreas de cultivo agrícola no oeste paranaense. Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os dados sobre áreas plantadas de soja em 2009 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e apresentaram qualidade extremamente satisfatória (R2 = 0,89), corroborando a premissa inicial do trabalho quanto à eficiência do uso consorciado do CEI e de imagens MODIS para mapear grandes áreas de cultivo de soja

Replication, Pathogenesis and Transmission of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus in Non-Immune Pigs

The declaration of the human influenza A pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (H1N1/09) raised important questions, including origin and host range [1,2]. Two of the three pandemics in the last century resulted in the spread of virus to pigs (H1N1, 1918; H3N2, 1968) with subsequent independent establishment and evolution within swine worldwide [3]. A key public and veterinary health consideration in the context of the evolving pandemic is whether the H1N1/09 virus could become established in pig populations [4]. We performed an infection and transmission study in pigs with A/California/07/09. In combination, clinical, pathological, modified influenza A matrix gene real time RT-PCR and viral genomic analyses have shown that infection results in the induction of clinical signs, viral pathogenesis restricted to the respiratory tract, infection dynamics consistent with endemic strains of influenza A in pigs, virus transmissibility between pigs and virus-host adaptation events. Our results demonstrate that extant H1N1/09 is fully capable of becoming established in global pig populations. We also show the roles of viral receptor specificity in both transmission and tissue tropism. Remarkably, following direct inoculation of pigs with virus quasispecies differing by amino acid substitutions in the haemagglutinin receptor-binding site, only virus with aspartic acid at position 225 (225D) was detected in nasal secretions of contact infected pigs. In contrast, in lower respiratory tract samples from directly inoculated pigs, with clearly demonstrable pulmonary pathology, there was apparent selection of a virus variant with glycine (225G). These findings provide potential clues to the existence and biological significance of viral receptor-binding variants with 225D and 225G during the 1918 pandemic [5]

Radiative corrections to polarization observables in elastic electron-deuteron scattering in leptonic variables

The model--independent QED radiative corrections to polarization observables in elastic scattering of unpolarized and longitudinally--polarized electron beam by the deuteron target have been calculated in leptonic variables. The experimental setup when the deuteron target is arbitrarily polarized is considered and the procedure for applying derived results to the vector or tensor polarization of the recoil deuteron is discussed. The basis of the calculations consists of the account for all essential Feynman diagrams which results in the form of the Drell-Yan representation for the cross-section and use of the covariant parametrization of the deuteron polarization state. The numerical estimates of the radiative corrections are given for the case when event selection allows the undetected particles (photons and electron-positron pairs) and the restriction on the lost invariant mass is used.Comment: 43 pages,3 figures. To be published in ZhTEF. revised 14.02.2012. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:nucl-ex/0002003 by other author

Deuteron-Proton Elastic Scattering at Intermediate Energies

The deuteron-proton elastic scattering has been studied in the multiple scattering expansion formalism. The essential attention has been given to such relativistic problem as a deuteron wave function in a moving frame and transformation of spin states due to Wigner rotation. Parameterization of the nucleon-nucleon $t$-matrix has been used to take the off-energy shell effects into account. The vector, $A_y,$ and tensor, $A_{yy}$, analyzing powers of the deuteron have been calculated at two deuteron kinetic energies: 395 MeV and 1200 MeV. The obtained results are compared with the experimental data

Influenza nucleoprotein delivered with aluminium salts protects mice from an influenza virus that expresses an altered nucleoprotein sequence

Influenza virus poses a difficult challenge for protective immunity. This virus is adept at altering its surface proteins, the proteins that are the targets of neutralizing antibody. Consequently, each year a new vaccine must be developed to combat the current recirculating strains. A universal influenza vaccine that primes specific memory cells that recognise conserved parts of the virus could prove to be effective against both annual influenza variants and newly emergent potentially pandemic strains. Such a vaccine will have to contain a safe and effective adjuvant that can be used in individuals of all ages. We examine protection from viral challenge in mice vaccinated with the nucleoprotein from the PR8 strain of influenza A, a protein that is highly conserved across viral subtypes. Vaccination with nucleoprotein delivered with a universally used and safe adjuvant, composed of insoluble aluminium salts, provides protection against viruses that either express the same or an altered version of nucleoprotein. This protection correlated with the presence of nucleoprotein specific CD8 T cells in the lungs of infected animals at early time points after infection. In contrast, immunization with NP delivered with alum and the detoxified LPS adjuvant, monophosphoryl lipid A, provided some protection to the homologous viral strain but no protection against infection by influenza expressing a variant nucleoprotein. Together, these data point towards a vaccine solution for all influenza A subtypes