Solar X-ray spectrum reproduced in vacuum

Desired low energy X rays are produced by modifying commercial ion tubes and combining them with standard power supplies and control circuitry. These X rays have less deviation from the solar X ray spectrum in energy and intensity

Tests on Soilvita

Soil vita (soil life) is a preparation on the market for the inoculation of all crops. It is claimed that this culture grows better and larger crops of all grains, vegetables, beautiful lawns and luxuriant flowers. The culture is supposed to contain all desirable soil organisms except the legume bacteria and the introduction of these organisms into the soil is supposed to bring about a great stimulation in the production of available plant food and hence in the yields of all crops

Field experiments with Gypsum in Iowa

Whether gypsum, or land plaster, which was quite widely used as a fertilizer in Europe 150 years ago and later in the United States, can be profitably used on Iowa soils is the interesting question with which the experiments reported in this bulletin have to do. As yet no final answer can be given, but this much can be said on the basis of this experimental work; Gypsum applied to some Iowa soils gave some beneficial results in oat and red clover yields and very decidedly good results in alfalfa yields. Gypsum supplies a large proportion of sulfur as well as calcium and when any crop such as alfalfa requires these elements applications of gypsum may prove profitable. This is especially true of Iowa soils, many of which arc deficient in sulfur. Further, gypsum is an Iowa product, conveniently at hand and can be produced economically. The experiments suggest definitely that it is worth the while of Iowa farmers to try out this material on a limited scale

The inoculation of non-legumes

The discovery of the importance of the inoculation of legume crops, such as clovers and alfalfa, some 40 years ago, in order to secure larger crops and increase the fertility of the soil, has led to many attempts to devise a culture which would bring about similar beneficial effects on non-legumes. The first commercial culture, known as Alinit, appeared in 1895. It was supposed to increase the nitrogen content of the soil thru the introduction of free-living nitrogen fixing organisms and thus supply nitrogen for the better growth of all crops. It failed. Other cultures, appearing from time to time, have been claimed to introduce, not only these nitrogen-fixing organisms into the soil but also to supply all kinds of desirable microorganisms to stimulate the production of all available plant food constituents. Occasionally preparations have been put on the market, for use with individual non-legumes, such as the grain crops, presumably with the idea that if special cultures were needed for the various legumes, as has seemed to be the case generally, there should also be special cultures for non-legumes. Most of the cultures, however, have been designed to benefit all crops

Development of Terminal Buds in Pinyon Pine and Douglas-Fir Trees

Contents: Introduction -- Terminal Development in Pinyon Pine -- Terminal Development in Douglas-fir -- Discussion -- Acknowledgments -- Literature CitedTexas Memorial Museu

The epidemiological type identification of Serratia marcescens from outbreaks of infection in hospitals

A study of serological, bacteriocine and phage typing of Serratia marcescens was made. Specific O-antisera of adequate titre were relatively simple to prepare but H-antisera exhibited many heterologous agglutination reactions amongst the type strains. Most of these cross-reactions were not reproduced when immobilization tests with H-sera were performed. Direct haemagglutination tests were used to establish the presence of fimbriae amongst the H-type strains and the results of agglutination tests with non-fimbriate variants of strains indicated that fimbrial antibody in high titre was present in some sera. Replicate typing of 100 pairs of cultures by the phage-typing method indicated that small variations in pattern were common and that larger variations occurred occasionally. Therefore differences in pattern of less than two strong reactions should not be taken as evidence that strains can be distinguished. Cultures of S. marcescens, 273 in total, from six outbreaks of infection in British and European hospitals were typed by O-serology, H agglutination and immobilization tests, phage typing and bacteriocine susceptibility by a cross-streaking method. The typability of strains by each method was high but the results suggested that no single method was sufficiently discriminating to be used alone for typing. Comparison of the H-type and typing patterns of members of the same O serogroup from incidents of infection showed that reliable results were obtained by H-typing or by phage and bacteriocine typing after the application of the appropriate ‘difference' rule. The greatest discrimination between strains of the same 0-group was obtained by the use of H-typing or phage typin

Blue Vaudeville: Sex, Morals, and the Mass-Marketing of Amusement, 1895-1915

Vaudeville was the most popular form of entertainment in the United States, from roughly the 1890s through World War I. In fact, it can reasonably be called the first truly mass form of entertainment in the United States, and perhaps the world. This dissertation examines how vaudeville grew as the first national, large-scale form of amusement in America. It attempts to locate the rise of this first form of mass entertainment within an era when powerful businessmen in many industries were beginning to market products and services to a national market as well. Furthermore, this dissertation examines some of the key promotional practices used by the vaudeville industry. Chief among them were consistent claims of purity and wholesomeness with regard to the content of vaudeville acts. It was promised that no act seen in vaudeville would offend a theatregoer. At the same time, however, vaudeville was clearly full of acts that were sexually provocative, titillating, and reminiscent of the burlesque hall stage. Thus, what begins to emerge is a picture of promotional and marketing practices that promised moral purity, while the product that vaudeville offered was often times anything but pure. This work attempts to explain this rift by comparing the marketing practices of vaudeville to those of other large industries at the time. It will be seen that the tactics used by the vaudeville chiefs—promises of purity, wholesomeness, and sterility—were much like the claims employed by dozens of other early mass-marketers, who claimed their products were, above all else, clean, safe, pure, honest, and free from taint of any kind. In promoting their products as such, it is argued herein, early mass marketers were in fact trying to allay anxieties over the participation in mass-scale commerce and were preparing the American populace as a responsive mass market that had no qualms about buying its goods and services from large, faceless commercial entities headquartered, in many cases, in cities hundreds of miles away. Such tactics not only permitted the vaudeville chiefs to introduce the first form of mass entertainment into the American market, but also allowed them to offer an increasingly ribald and sexually tantalizing array of entertainment to the American public (much of which is detailed in this work), thus liberalizing views of sexuality in general and the female body in particular (even though it also led to the further objectification of the female body). Finally, this dissertation closely examines a number of popular female performers, such as Eva Tanguay and Annette Kellerman, who used their body and their sexuality to craft a successful mass entertainment product

The Tabby cat locus maps to feline chromosome B1.

The Tabby markings of the domestic cat are unique coat patterns for which no causative candidate gene has been inferred from other mammals. In this study, a genome scan was performed on a large pedigree of cats that segregated for Tabby coat markings, specifically for the Abyssinian (Ta-) and blotched (tbtb) phenotypes. There was linkage between the Tabby locus and eight markers on cat chromosome B1. The most significant linkage was between marker FCA700 and Tabby (Z = 7.56, theta = 0.03). Two additional markers in the region supported linkage, although not with significant LOD scores. Pairwise analysis of the markers supported the published genetic map of the cat, although additional meioses are required to refine the region. The linked markers cover a 17-cM region and flank an evolutionary breakpoint, suggesting that the Tabby gene has a homologue on either human chromosome 4 or 8. Alternatively, Tabby could be a unique locus in cats