Impact of Cultivating Environment on the Terms of Persistence and Certain Properties of Cholera Vibrios

Objective of the study is to investigate the impact of cultivating temperature and medium on the terms of persistence, ctx gene retention, and enzymatic activity of V. cholerae O1 with various toxigenicity.Materials and methods. Utilized were the strains of V. cholerae El Tor: P-5879, P-19613, and also the strain P-19787.Results and conclusions. In the process of studying cholera vibrios El Tor with different genetic characteristics it was determined that the longest terms of persistence (19 days) on mineral substrates at 5 ºC were observed for toxigenic strains, while for non-toxigenic ones it made less than 17 days. At the same time cholera vibrios can persist continuously and even reproduce on mineral substrates under the conditions of subnormal lowered temperatures (not less than 10 °C). Toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, irrespectively of cultivating medium and temperature, retained ctx gene in their genome and maintained enzymatic activity throughout the experiment. Such long-term persistence of cholera vibrios at low temperatures on mineral substrates may be regarded as possibility of preservation of V. cholerae toxigenic strains in case of import by the infected persons or vibrio-carriers

Features of parameters of cellular immune depending on the activity of foci of demyelination in children with multiple sclerosis

MS is a common disease of the central nervous system that leads to disability and reduced quality of life. The debut of disease in 3-5% of patients occurs in childhood and has a less favorable course compared to adults. MS is caused by the activation of autoreactive T cells in the breakdown of peripheral tolerance, which is normally controlled by regulatory T cells (Tregs). It is promising to study expression of CD39 and CD73 in Treg and Th17 populations to assess their suppressive activity. Aim is to evaluate content of major and minor lymphocyte populations and expression of CD39 and CD73 in CD4+ lymphocyte population in children with MS. 111 children with MS were examined, 66 with contrast-negative lesions on MRI (Group 1), 45 with contrast-positive lesions (Group 2). The comparison group consisted of 46 healthy children (Group 3). Content of T, B, NK lymphocytes, Treg (CD4+CD25highCD127low), Thact (CD4+CD25highCD127high), Th17 cells (CD3+CD4+CD161+); expression of CD39 and CD73 in Treg, Th17 and Thact was performed by flow cytometry. An increase in content of T helpers, a decrease in NK cells in patients in group 2 was revealed. An increase in number of Thact and Th17 lymphocytes was obtained in patients of both groups with MS. Number of Tregs in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 3. Ratio of cells expressing CD39 and CD73 in MS patients depended on lymphocyte population as well as in the group 3. The highest content of CD39+ cells was observed in Treg population, and the lowest in Thact population. For CD73 expression, on the contrary, the highest expression of CD73 was observed in Thact cells, the lowest in Treg. When comparing groups of patients, it was found that in patients of group 1, number of cells expressing CD39 ectonucleotidase was significantly increased, and number of supTh17 was comparable with group 3. In both groups of MS patients, an increase in CD73 counts in Treg, Thact and Th17 was observed. Thus, informative populations of lymphocytes (CD4+ cells, Treg, CD39+Treg, supTh17) have been identified, which can be used to monitor condition of children with multiple sclerosis

Nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-kB) activity in lymphocyte populations in children with Wilson-Konovalov disease

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare hereditary disease caused by a deficiency of the ATF7B transporter. The accumulation of copper can cause damage to organs and cells, mainly the liver. Copper exposure can modulate cytokine synthesis through molecular and cellular signaling pathways, including the nuclear transcription factor NF-kB pathway. NF-kB is the main regulator of inflammation and cell death, acts as a central link between liver damage, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. An excess of NF-kB-dependent cytokine response stimulates inflammatory reactions, but excessive inhibition of NF-kB can negatively affect the viability of hepatocytes. Method of flow cytometry with visualization — Amnis ImageStreamX allows to evaluate the activity of NF-kB (% of activated cells in cell populations). The aim: to evaluate the activity of NF-kB in lymphocyte populations in children with WD disease. Immunophenotyping of lymphocytes and assessment of the level of translocation of NF-kB were performed in 52 children with WD and in 25 children of comparison group. The mass concentration of copper in daily urine was determined by atomic absorption method using the AAnalyst 800 spectrometer. In children with WD, the content of cells with NF-kB translocation varied from 5 to 90% depending on the lymphocyte population; the highest level was detected in B cells — 57.5 (37-68) %. A significant difference in distributions of the number of cells with NF-kB translocation between WD and healthy children was shown (F-criterion, p < 0.01). In most cases, children with WD are characterized by a decrease in the activity of NF-kB in populations of B cells (in 43% of cases), T helper cells (48%), T cytotoxic (44%) and Th17 lymphocytes (41%). In children with WD, the concentration of copper varied from 9.7 to 2582 mcg/day, Me = 616 (210-1173). A direct relationship was obtained between the copper content in urine and the level of translocation of NF-kB in B lymphocytes, r = 0.34, p = 0.016. The activity of the NF-kB correlates with biochemical markers of the severity of liver damage (ALT, AST, GGT) and with copper content in urine. The study of the NF-kB signaling pathway seems promising for a better understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the formation of inflammation and liver fibrosis in children with WD

Контролируемые исследования по эффективности поликомпонентной вакцины при иммунотерапии у больных с хроническими обструктивными заболеваниями органов дыхания

During the hard controlled study, the effeciency of polycomponent vaccina designed by SRI of I.I.Mechnikov was investigated. The satisfactory and excelent effect was found in 71.4% of patients, that expressed in the listening of remission, the decrease of the exacerbation frequency and the severity of the disease course, the decrease of the quantity of medication, the improvement of respiration. Vaccina therapy induces the increase of the level of antibodies to all the antigen components of the vaccina in the patients. The number of patients with low titres of the antibodies decreases and the number of patients with high ones increases. Vaccina therapy with VP-4 used in according to the offered medication scheme does not induce the increase of the total IgE level in serum. There is the sharp decrease of this parameter in patients with the initial high level of IgE.В строго контролируемом опыте изучена эффективность поликомпонентной вакцины НИИ ВС им. И.И. Мечникова. Установлен хороший и отличный терапевтический эффект у 71,4% больных, что выражается в удлинении сроков ремиссии у больных, снижении частоты обострений и тяжести течения заболевания, сокращении количества принимаемых лекарств, улучшении показателей функции внешнего дыхания. Вакцинотерапия вызывает у больных подъем уровня антител ко всем антигенным компонентам вакцины. Уменьшается число больных с низкими титрами и увеличивается количество больных с высокими титрами антител. Вакцинотерапия ВП-4 по предложенной схеме введения не вызывает подъем уровня общего иммуноглобулина Е в сыворотке крови больных. У больных с исходно высоким уровнем иммуноглобулина Е отмечается выраженное снижение этого показателя

A large scale hearing loss screen reveals an extensive unexplored genetic landscape for auditory dysfunction

The developmental and physiological complexity of the auditory system is likely reflected in the underlying set of genes involved in auditory function. In humans, over 150 non-syndromic loci have been identified, and there are more than 400 human genetic syndromes with a hearing loss component. Over 100 non-syndromic hearing loss genes have been identified in mouse and human, but we remain ignorant of the full extent of the genetic landscape involved in auditory dysfunction. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, we undertook a hearing loss screen in a cohort of 3006 mouse knockout strains. In total, we identify 67 candidate hearing loss genes. We detect known hearing loss genes, but the vast majority, 52, of the candidate genes were novel. Our analysis reveals a large and unexplored genetic landscape involved with auditory function

Prevalence of sexual dimorphism in mammalian phenotypic traits.

The role of sex in biomedical studies has often been overlooked, despite evidence of sexually dimorphic effects in some biological studies. Here, we used high-throughput phenotype data from 14,250 wildtype and 40,192 mutant mice (representing 2,186 knockout lines), analysed for up to 234 traits, and found a large proportion of mammalian traits both in wildtype and mutants are influenced by sex. This result has implications for interpreting disease phenotypes in animal models and humans

A large scale hearing loss screen reveals an extensive unexplored genetic landscape for auditory dysfunction.

The developmental and physiological complexity of the auditory system is likely reflected in the underlying set of genes involved in auditory function. In humans, over 150 non-syndromic loci have been identified, and there are more than 400 human genetic syndromes with a hearing loss component. Over 100 non-syndromic hearing loss genes have been identified in mouse and human, but we remain ignorant of the full extent of the genetic landscape involved in auditory dysfunction. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, we undertook a hearing loss screen in a cohort of 3006 mouse knockout strains. In total, we identify 67 candidate hearing loss genes. We detect known hearing loss genes, but the vast majority, 52, of the candidate genes were novel. Our analysis reveals a large and unexplored genetic landscape involved with auditory function.The full extent of the genetic basis for hearing impairment is unknown. Here, as part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, the authors perform a hearing loss screen in 3006 mouse knockout strains and identify 52 new candidate genes for genetic hearing loss

Symposium on the Scottish labour market

In the post-war period, up to the late 1960s, Britain enjoyed a modicum of unemployment and government policies which were geared to producing Full Employment were considered a success. It was simple - boost demand and more people would find work. But the mid 1970s the economic regency enjoyed by those advocating demand sided policies fell into disrepute as the OPEC nations raised prices dramatically and brought in a new era of both rising prices and unemployment. The laws of economics, which previously had viewed policy decisions as the choice between lower unemployment and higher inflation were now redundant. Both unemployment and inflation were moving in the same direction. The era of stagflation had begun

Прогноз в области создания вакцин нового поколения для вакцинопрофилактики и вакцинотерапии инфекционных и неинфекционных болезней

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