Preterm birth is associated with epigenetic programming of transgenerational hypertension in mice

No commentInternational audience© 2020, The Author(s).Renal and cardiovascular complications of prematurity are well established, notably the development of hypertension in adulthood. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Our objective was to investigate the impact of prematurity on the ontogenesis of renal corticosteroid pathways, to evaluate its implication in perinatal renal complications and in the emergence of hypertension in adulthood. Swiss CD1 pregnant mice were injected with lipopolysaccharides at 18 days of gestation (E18) to induce prematurity at E18.5. Pups were sacrificed at birth, 7 days and 6 months of life. Second (F2) and third (F3) generations, established by mating prematurely born adult females with wild-type males, were also analyzed. Former preterm males developed hypertension at M6 (P < 0.0001). We found robust activation of renal corticosteroid target gene transcription at birth in preterm mice (αENaC (+45%), Gilz (+85%)), independent of any change in mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptor expression. The offspring of the preterm group displayed increased blood pressure in F2 and F3, associated with increased renal Gilz mRNA expression, despite similar MR or GR expression and plasma corticosteroid levels measured by LC-MS/MS. Gilz promoter methylation measured by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-qPCR was reduced with a negative correlation between methylation and expression (P = 0.0106). Our study demonstrates prematurity-related alterations in renal corticosteroid signaling pathways, with transgenerational inheritance of blood pressure dysregulation and epigenetic Gilz regulation up to the third generation. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in essential hypertension, which could partly be due to perinatal epigenetic programming from previous generations

Potassium channel TREK-A activators against chronic pain.

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Miniaturized Optical Microwave Source Using a Dual-Wavelength Whispering Gallery Mode Laser

Chinese Scholar Committee (CSC); Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales [60281/00]We report on the observation of a compact optical microwave source based on a whispering gallery mode (WGM) laser. The use of a single 160-mu m diameter erbium-doped glass microsphere and two half fiber tapers allows a dual single-mode laser emission around 1550 nm to be obtained. The generated beat note at 10.86 GHz has a linewidth of 22 kHz. This preliminary experimental demonstration shows the potentialities of erbium-doped WGM resonators for microwave generation

Sources hyperfréquences à haute pureté spectrale à base de micro-résonateurs

diffusion restreintephase d'évaluation - Rapport 1La première partie du rapport débute par un rapide historique des oscillateurs micro-ondes à base de lignes à retard optique. Puis, le problème du remplacement de la ligne à retard par un résonateur optique est traité en détail. Un second chapitre est en effet consacré aux résonateurs, puis un troisième aux oscillateurs basés sur ces résonateurs. Ensuite, la deuxième partie du rapport est consacrée aux travaux en cours. Il est exposé les problèmes liés à la métrologie de ces sources à très haute pureté spectrale. Là encore, l'introduction de l'optique devrait permettre une amélioration importante des performances des bancs de mesure de bruit de phase. Puis, une description de la fabrication des résonateurs optique est donnée. Enfin, le dernier chapitre est consacré au projet

(In)GaP integration on Si for photonics and energy

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