Microcrystalline cellulose as filler in polycaprolactone matrices

Polycaprolactone is a biomaterial widely used for tissue engineering applications. However, its hydrophobicity hinders cell attachment and proliferation on its surface. In this study microcrystalline cellulose has been proposed as a functional filler for polycaprolactone matrices expected to improve these properties. Composite material samples containing 0, 2, 5, 10 and 20% w/w of microcrystalline cellulose have been manufactured by compression molding and evaluated in terms of their mechanical properties, swelling behavior, water contact angle values and sheep mesenchymal cells viability. The results confirm that the presence of the additive is able to increase the swelling ability of the material (the samples containing 20% w/w of additive are able to absorb an amount of water 6 times higher than the value for polycaprolactone ones), the Young’s modulus (from 224±14 MPa for polycaprolactone to 388±30 MPa for the composites containing 20% of microcrystalline cellulose) and the bioaffinity of polycaprolactone based composite materials

Specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is more accurate than classic BIVA to detect changes in body composition and in nutritional status in institutionalised elderly with dementia

A new analytical variation of bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA), called specific BIVA, has shown to be more accurate in detecting changes in fat mass than classic BIVA.To compare classic and specific BIVA in order to identify which is more strongly associated with psycho-functional and nutritional indicators in a group of institutionalised elderly patients with dementia.Cross-sectional study. Fifty-four patients (34 women, 20 men) with dementia in moderately severe to very severe stages and aged 60–95years underwent geriatric nutritional assessment, including body mass index calculations, the Mini Nutritional Assessment, the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index, and whole body composition analysis.With specific BIVA (unlike with classic BIVA), significant differences were found between women with moderately severe and very severe dementia. In the BIVA conducted for body mass index, the confidence ellipses produced with the classic BIVA approach were highly overlapping; but with specific BIVA, significant differences were observed between the women in different nutritional categories (malnutrition, risk of malnutrition, normal weight and obesity). On the other hand, both approaches distinguished malnourished women from those who were at risk of malnutrition, according to the Mini Nutritional Assessment; and men with a moderate-high risk of malnutrition from men with no risk, on the basis of the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index.Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that specific BIVA is more effective than classic BIVA in identifying bioelectrical changes associated with psycho-functional and nutritional indicators in institutionalised elderly with dementia

Potencial utilización de la termografía infrarroja para la lectura de la IDTB en cabras

En este trabajo se pretende estudiar la potencial utilización de la TI (Termografía infrarroja) en la lectura de la IDTB (intradermotuberculinización) en cabras. El análisis de las temperaturas mostró un aumento significativo a las 24h postinoculación de la tuberculina en el conjunto de los individuos, no observándose influencia significativa de la capa de los animales sobre las temperaturas. La comparación de los resultados de ambas técnicas no evidenció asociación significativa.The aim of this experiment is to study the potential use of IT (infrared termography) for measurement of PPD (Purified protein derivate) test in goats. The study of the temperatures showed a significant increase at 24hours post-inoculation of the PPD in the set of all the individuals, not being observed significant influence of the colour of the animals on the temperatures. The comparison of the results from the PPD skin test, and IT did not demonstrate significant association

Factors affecting the performance of P22 ELISA for the diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis in milk samples

Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Caprine TB eradication programmes are based mainly on intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. However, the use of serological test has been extended as a potential diagnostic tool in goats through the use of serum, plasma, or even milk samples. Milk production and the antibodies (Ab) present in milk can vary depending on several circumstances. In the present study, different factors that may affect the performance of humoral TB diagnosis were analysed using goat milk samples: 1) lactation stage, 2) a recent previous skin test (booster effect) and 3) the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on milk samples preserved with azidiol. TB-infected animals (n = 44) were selected to evaluate the evolution of the Ab levels during the 6-month lactation period, along with its potential effect on the P22 ELISA results. In general, no significant changes (p = 0.079) were observed throughout the study as regards Ab levels in milk samples between consecutive analysis although the reactivity to P22 ELISA decreased when samplings were performed at the last two months of the lactation. Regarding the booster effect, the quantitative results showed a significant variation (p < 0.001) for both milk and serum samples when serological tests were carried out 15 days after the skin test. Finally, there were no significant differences (p = 0.99) in the P22 ELISA results when using milk samples preserved with azidiol that had undergone freeze-thaw cycles.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the project “Análisis del proceso de erradicación de la tuberculosis caprina a largo plazo y desarrollo de pruebas de diagnóstico y medidas de control para su mejora (GoaTBfree-UCM, reference PID2019-105155RB-C31) and the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. JO was supported by an FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) contract-fellowship provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU18/05197).S

Bioimpedance vector analysis and conventional bioimpedance to assess body composition in older adults with dementia

Producción CientíficaAlthough dementia and nutritional status have been shown to be strongly associated, differences in body composition (BC) among older people with dementia have not yet been firmly established. The aim of this study was to assess BC through conventional and vector bioimpedance analysis (BIA and BIVA, respectively) in a sample of institutionalized older men with and without dementia, in order to detect dementia-related BC changes.Forty-one institutionalized men ages ≥65 y (23 without dementia [CG] and 18 with dementia [DG]) were measured with BIA and interpreted with BIVA and predictive equations.Age (74.4 and 75.7 y) and body mass index (22.5 and 23.6 kg/m 2 ) were similar for DG and CG, respectively. Resistance and ratio of resistance to height did not differ significantly between the two groups. Reactance and ratio of reactance to height were 21.2% and 20.4% lower in DG than in CG. Phase angle was significantly lower in DG (mean = 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6°–4.3°) than in CG (mean = 4.7; 95% CI, 4.3°–5.1°). Mean fat mass index (6 and 7 kg/m 2 ), and mean fat-free mass index (16.4 and 16.6 kg/m 2 ) were similar in both groups. BIVA showed a significant downward migration of the ellipse in DG with respect to CG (T 2 = 15.1; P < 0.01).Conventional BIA showed no significant differences in BC between DG and CG, although reactance and ratio of reactance to height were about 21% lower in DG. Nevertheless, a body cell mass depletion and an increase in the ratio of extracellular to intracellular water were identified in DG using BIVA. BIVA reflects dementia-related changes in BC better than BI

Presencia de malnutrición y riesgo de malnutrición en ancianos institucionalizados con demencia en función del tipo y estadío evolutivo

Producción CientíficaDeterminar si existen diferencias en el estado nutricional de los pacientes con demencia en función del tipo y la severidad de la misma. Método: Mediante un estudio transversal se realizó una valoración del estado nutricional (valoración antropométrica, Mini Nutricional Assessment, protocolo de Chang) en 83 ancianos institucionalizados con diagnóstico de demencia en estadíos evolutivos 5, 6 y 7 de las escalas GDS (Global Deterioration Scale) y FAST (Functional Assessment Stating). Los resultados se analizaron mediante los tests Chi-cuadrado, ANOVA o Kruskal-Wallis, contrastes a posteriori de Scheffé y test de tendencia lineal. La significación se alcanzó con p < 0,05. Resultados: La edad media de los residentes fue de 81,22 años. El IMC reveló que el 21% de la muestra presentaba riesgo de malnutrición y el 14,5% malnutrición por defecto. En cambio, el MNA clasificó al 56,6% de los residentes en situación de riesgo de malnutrición y al 41% con malnutrición. Según el método de Chang el porcentaje de pacientes malnutridos ascendió al 75,9%. Ninguna de estas variables mostró asociación con el tipo de demencia. Se observó una asociación significativa entre el estadío evolutivo de la demencia y el IMC (p = 0,004), MNA (p = 0,002 y p = 0,006 para la puntuación y la categoría, respectivamente), circunferencia muscular del brazo (p = 0,043) y circunferencia de la pantorrilla (p = 0,043); aunque no para el porcentaje de masa grasa ni para el diagnóstico nutricional establecido por el método de Chang (grado y tipo de MN). El test de tendencia lineal confirmó que tanto las puntuaciones del MNA y del IMC, como los valores de la circunferencia muscular del brazo y de la circunferencia de la pantorrilla fueron menores en los estadíos de demencia más severos. Conclusión: Independientemente del tipo de demencia, la presencia de malnutrición en ancianos institucionalizados aumenta conforme lo hace el estadío evolutivo de la misma

Effect of the topical administration of corticosteroids and tuberculin pre-sensitisation on the diagnosis of tuberculosis in goats

Background: Caprine tuberculosis (TB) is a zoonosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC). Caprine TB control and eradication programmes have traditionally been based on intradermal tuberculin tests and slaughterhouse surveillance. However, this strategy has limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Different factors may affect the performance of the TB diagnostic tests used in goats and, subsequently, the detection of TB-infected animals. In the present study, the effect of two of the factors that may affect the performance of the techniques used to diagnose TB in goats, the topical administration of corticosteroids and a recent pre-sensitisation with tuberculin, was analysed. Methods: The animals (n = 151) were distributed into three groups: (1) a group topically treated with corticosteroids 48 h after intradermal tuberculin tests (n = 53); (2) a group pre-sensitised with bovine and avian purified protein derivatives (PPDs) 3 days before the intradermal tuberculin test used for TB diagnosis (n = 48); and (3) a control group (n = 50). All the animals were tested using single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and CIT, respectively) tests, an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) and a P22 ELISA. Results: The number of SIT test reactors was significantly lower in the group treated with corticosteroids when compared to the pre-sensitised (p 0.05). No significant effect was observed on IGRA and P22 ELISA due to corticosteroids administration. Nevertheless, a previous PPD injection affected the IGRA performance in some groups. Conclusions: The application of topical corticosteroid 24 h before reading the SIT and CIT tests can reduce the increase in skin fold thickness and subsequently significantly decrease the number of positive reactors. Corticosteroids used can be detected in hair samples. A previous pre-sensitisation with bovine and avian PPDs does not lead to a significant reduction in the number of intradermal tests reactors. These results are valuable in order to improve diagnosis of caprine TB and detect fraudulent activities in the context of eradication programs.This study was funded by the “Analysis of the long-term caprine tuberculosis eradication process and development of diagnostic tests and control measures for its improvement (GoaTBfree-UCM)” Project (PID2019-105155RB-C31, Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain) and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of Spain. JO was supported by an FPU contract-fellowship (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU18/05197).S

Unified Ontology for a Holonic Manufacturing System

[ES] Los sistemas holónicos de manufactura son integrados por holones capaces de comportarse de una manera autónoma, cooperativa, auto-organizada y reconfigurable para adoptar estructuras distintas en condiciones de operación normales y de emergencia. Dichos holones cuentan con: (1) una representación del conocimiento, (2) una unidad de control distribuido y descentralizado, y (3) un módulo de coordinación. El objeto de interés de la presente investigación es la concepción de una ontología unificada en el dominio de manufactura, que garantice los requisitos en el formalismo del modelo de conocimiento de un sistema holónico. A diferencia de los modelos ontológicos encontrados en la literatura, el esquema de representación del conocimiento propuesto integra roles y comportamientos, mismos que son validados mediante un caso de estudio de una celda de manufactura de un laboratorio universitario. Los resultados muestran que al hacer uso de un vocabulario común, es posible representar coherentemente el conocimiento para que toda clase de holones en una holarquía puedan intercambiar, compartir y recuperar información.[EN] Holonic manufacturing systems are formed by holons that are capable of behaving in an autonomous, cooperative, selforganized and reconfigurable way to adopt dierent structures under normal and emergency operating conditions. These holons possess: (1) a representation of the world in which they live, (2) a distributed and decentralized control unit, and (3) a coordination module. The object of interest of the present research is the conception of a unified ontology in manufacturing domain, that guarantees the requirements in the formalism of the knowledge model of a holonic system. Unlike the ontological models found in the literature, the proposed knowledge representation scheme integrates roles and behaviors, which are validated through a case study of a manufacturing cell from a university laboratory. The results show that by using a common vocabulary, it is possible to represent knowledge coherently so that all kinds of holons in a holarchy can exchange, share and retrieve information. Simón-Marmolejo, I.; López-Ortega, O.; Ramos-Velasco, LE.; Ortiz-Domínguez, M. (2018). Ontología Unificada para un Sistema Holónico de Manufactura. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(2):217-230. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2017.8851OJS217230152Araúzoa, J. A., del Olmo-Martínez, R., Laviós, J. J., de Benito-Martín, J. J., 2015. Programación y control de sistemas de fabricación flexibles: un enfoque holónico. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 12 (1), 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.11.005Barbosa, J., Leitao, P., Adam, E., Trentesaux, D., 2015. Dynamic selforganization in holonic multi-agent manufacturing systems: The ADACOR evolution. Computers in industry 66, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2014.10.011Bellifemine, F., Caire, G., Greenwood, D., 2004. Developing multi-agent systems with JADE. Wiley Series in Agent Technology, Series Editor: Wooldridge, M., Liverpool University, UK.Blanc, P., Demongodin, I., Castagna, P., 2008. A holonic approach for manufacturing execution system design: An industrial application. Engineering applications of artificial intelligence 21 (3), 315-330, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2008.01.007Borgo, S., Leitao, P., 2007. Foundations for a core ontology of manufacturing. In: Sharma, R., Kishore, R., Ramesh, R. (Eds.), Ontologies, A Handbook of principles, concepts and aplications in information systems. Springer Science +Business Media, NY, USA, Ch. 27, pp. 751-775, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-37022-4Botti, V., Giret, A., 2008. ANEMONA, A multi-agent methodology for holonic manufacturing systems. Springer: Departamento de sistemas informáticos y computación (DSIC), Valencia, Spain, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-310-1Bravo, C., Aguilar-Castro, J., Ríos, A., Aguilar-Martin, J., Rivas, F., 2011. Arquitectura basada en inteligencia artificial distribuida para la gerencia integrada de producción industrial. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 8 (4), 405-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2011.09.013Brussel, H. V.,Wyns, J., Valckenaers, P., Bongaerts, L., Peeters, P., 1998. Reference architecture for holonic manufacturing systems: PROSA. Computers in industry 37 (3), 255-274, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-3615(98)00102-XCaire, G., Cabanillas, D., April 2010. JADE TUTORIAL, application-defined content languages and ontologies. Support provided by JADE, Italia S.p.A, 9th Edition. URL: http://jade.tilab.com/doc/tutorials/CLOntoSupport.pdfCheca, D., Rojas, O., 2014. Ontología para los sistemas holónicos de manufactura basados en la unidad de producción. Revista colombiana de tecnologías de avanzada 1 (23), 134-141. URL: http://www.academia.edu/8676921/ONTOLOÍA_PARA_LOS_SISTEMAS_HOLÓNICOS_DE_MANUFACTURA_BASADOS_EN_LA_UNIDAD_DE_PRODUCCIÓNChristensen, J. H., December 1994. Holonic manufacturing systems: Initial architecture and standards directions. In: At first European Conference on Holonic Manufacturing Systems. Hannover, Germany, pp. 1-20. URL: http://holobloc.com/papers/hannover.pdfCorcho, O., Fernández-López, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., 2003. Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies. Where is their meeting point? Data & Knowledge Engineering 46 (1), 41-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-023X(02)00195-7Correa da Silva, F. S., Vasconcelos, W. W., Robertson, D. S., Brilhante, V., de Melo, A. C. V., M., F., Agustí, J., 2002. On the insufficiency of ontologies: problems in knowledge sharing and alternative solution. Knowledge-Base Systems 15 (3), 147-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0950-7051(01)00152-6de las Morenas, J., García, A., Martínez, F., P., G., 2015. Implementación del control en planta de un centro de distribución automatizado mediante agentes físicos y RFID. RIAI - Revista iberoamericana de automática e informática industrial 12 (1), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riai.2014.11.002Fernández, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Uristo, N., 1997. Methontology: From ontological art towards ontological engineering. AAAI Technical Report, 33-40. URL: http://oa.upm.es/5484/Giraldo, G., Arboleda, A., Zapata, G., 2013. Enfoque ontológico para detectar conceptos holónicos en las organizaciones. Revista facultad de ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia 69, 53-66. URL: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=43029812004Gómez-Pérez, A., Fernández, M., Vicente, A. d., August 1996. Towards a method to conceptualize domain ontologies. In: At 12th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Budapest, Rumania, pp. 41-51. URL: http://oa.upm.es/7228/Indriago, C., Cardin, O., Rakoto, N., Castagna, P., Chac'on, E., 2016. H2CM: A holonic architecture for flexible hybrid control systems. Computers in industry 77, 15-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2015.12.005ISO, 1997. ISO 10303 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Product data representation and exchange - Part 1: Overview and fundamental principles. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/20579.htmlISO, 1998. ISO 15531 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Industrial Manufacturing Management Data - Part 1: General overview. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: http://hsevi.ir/RI Standard/View/2880ISO, 1999. ISO 13584 - Industrial Automation Systems and Integration - Parts Library - Part 1: Overview and Fundamental Principles. ISO - International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. URL: https://www.iso.org/standard/25103.htmlJules, G., Saadat, M., Saeidlou, S., 2015. Holonic ontology and interaction protocol for manufacturing network organization. IEEE Transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics: systems 45 (5), 819-830, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMC.2014.2387099Koestler, A., 1990. The ghost in the machine. Arkana. Koppensteiner, G., Grabler, R., Miller, D., Merdan, M., 2015. Virtual enterprises based on multiagent systems. In: Leitao, P., Karnouskos, S. (Eds.), Industrial agents: Emerging application of software agents in industry. Elsevier Inc., MA, USA, Ch. 7, pp. 121-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00007-3Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2006. ADACOR: a holonic architecture for agile and adaptive manufacturing control. Computers in industry 57 (2), 121-130, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2005.05.005Leitao, P., Restivo, F., 2008. Implementation of a holonic control system in a flexible manufacturing system. IEEE systems, man, and cybernetics society 38 (5), 699-709, https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCC.2008.923881Lemaignan, S., Siadat, A., Dantan, J. Y., Semenenko, A., June 2006. MASON: A proposal for an ontology of manufacturing domain. In: At IEEEWorkshop on Distributed Intelligent Systems: Collective Intelligence and Its Applications. pp. 195-200, https://doi.org/10.1109/DIS.2006.48López-Ortega, O., Ramírez-Hernández, M., 2007. A formal framework to integrate express data models in an extended enterprise context. Intelligent manufacturing 18, 371-381, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-007-0035-7Luther, M., 2008. Ontologies. In: Berndt, H. (Ed.), Towards 4G Technologies. Services with Initiative. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chippenham, England, Ch. 7, pp. 141-164, https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470010334Noy, N. F., McGuinness, D., March 2001. Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. [online] Knowledge Systems Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, EE. UU. URL: http://www.ksl.stanford.edu/people/dlm/papers/ontology-tutorial-noy-mcguinness-abstract.htmlOunnar, F., Pujo, P., 2012. Pull control for job shop: holonic manufacturing system approach using multicriteria decision-making. Intelligent manufacturing 23 (1), 141-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-009-0288-4Raileanu, S., Borangiu, T., Radulescu, S., 2014. Towards an ontology for distributed manufacturing control. In: Borangiu, T., Trentesaux, D., Thomas, A. (Eds.), Service Orientation in Holonic and Multi-Agent Manufacturing and Robotics. Vol. 544 of Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, Ch. Part II, pp. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04735-5Shen, W., Norrie, D. H., Barthès, A., 2001. Multi-agent systems for concurrent intelligent design and manufacturing. Taylor & Francis Group, NY, USA, Ch. 11, pp. 215-227. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203305607Tarun, K. J., Bipradas, B., Soumen, P., Bijan, S., Jyotirmoy, S., 2013. Dynamic schedule execution in an agent based holonic manufacturing system. Manufacturing systems 32 (4), 801-816, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2013.07.004Unland, R., 2015. Industrial agents. In: Leitao, P., Karnouskos, S. (Eds.), Industrial agents: Emerging application of software agents in industry. Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam, Netherlands, Ch. 2, pp. 23-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800341-1.00002-4Uschold, M., Gruninger, M., 1996. Ontologies: principles, methods ans applications. Knowledge Engineering Review 11 (2), 93-136, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888900007797Uschold, M., King, M., Moralee, S., Zorgios, Y., 1998. The enterprise ontology. The knowledge engineering review 13 (1), 31-89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269888998001088Wang, F., Xu, D., Tan, M., Wan, Z., 2005. A holonic architecture for reconfigurable manufacturing systems. IEEE International conference on industrial technology, 905-909. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIT.2005.160076

Effect of the Inoculation Site of Bovine and Avian Purified Protein Derivatives (PPDs) on the Performance of the Intradermal Tuberculin Test in Goats From Tuberculosis-Free and Infected Herds

The single and comparative intradermal tuberculin (SIT and CIT) tests are used for the ante-mortem diagnosis of caprine tuberculosis (TB). The tuberculin injection site has been associated with a different performance of the test in cattle. In contrast to that required in cattle in Europe (cervical injection), it can be carried out in the scapular region in goats. Nevertheless, there are no previous data concerning the effect of the injection site on the performance of the test in goats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of two different inoculation sites (cervical and scapular) on the performance of the SIT/CIT tests. This was done by intradermally inoculating 309 goats from two infected herds and one TB-free herd with both avian and bovine PPDs in the mid-cervical and scapular regions. None of the animals from the TB-free herd had positive reactions, and the number of reactors was not significantly higher, regardless of the inoculation site, in the high and low prevalence herds. However, significantly higher increases in skin fold thickness were observed on the cervical site when compared to the scapular site after the avian and bovine PPD inoculations in the TB-free herd (p < 0.001) and after the bovine PPD injection in the high prevalence herd (p = 0.003). The presence of clinical signs was also more evident on the cervical site when using avian and bovine PPDs in the high prevalence herd (p < 0.01). In contrast, increases in higher skin fold thickness were observed on the scapular site when compared to the cervical site after the bovine and avian PPD inoculations were employed in the low prevalence herd (p < 0.01). These results suggest that the cervical injection of PPDs may improve the sensitivity of the intradermal tuberculin test in high TB prevalence caprine herds, mainly owing to the increased presence of local clinical signs and a better performance of the CIT test. Moreover, specificity was not affected when using standard interpretations, although further analyses in a great number of herds are required in order to confirm these findings.This study was funded by the Herramientas para alcanzar la erradicación de la tuberculosis caprina (GoaTBfree) project (PID2019-105155RB-C31) and the Spanish Government's Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación. JO was supported by an FPU (Formación de Profesorado Universitario) contract-fellowship provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (FPU18/05197).S

Coils and power supplies design for the SMART tokamak

Agredano-Torres, M., et al.A new spherical tokamak, the SMall Aspect Ratio Tokamak (SMART), is currently being designed at the University of Seville. The goal of the machine is to achieve a toroidal field of 1 T, a plasma current of 500 kA and a pulse length of 500 ms for a plasma with a major radius of 0.4 m and minor radius of 0.25 m. This contribution presents the design of the coils and power supplies of the machine. The design foresees a central solenoid, 12 toroidal field coils and 8 poloidal field coils. Taking the current waveforms for these set of coils as starting point, each of them has been designed to withstand the Joule heating during the tokamak operation time. An analytical thermal model is employed to obtain the cross sections of each coil and, finally, their dimensions and parameters. The design of flexible and modular power supplies, based on IGBTs and supercapacitors, is presented. The topologies and control strategy of the power supplies are explained, together with a model in MATLAB Simulink to simulate the power supplies performance, proving their feasibility before the construction of the system.This work received funding from the Fondo Europeo de Desarollo Regional (FEDER) by the European Commission under grant agreement numbers IE17-5670 and US-15570. Furthermore, it has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under grant agreement no. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission