Customer Development, Innovation, and Decision-Making Biases int he Lean Startup

This paper reviews current research relevant to new product development, customer development, and the lean startup. Customer development and the lean startup are a new and increasingly used form of entrepreneurship process, which rely on hypothesis testing but not in the traditional sense; the entrepreneur is encouraged to scan the environment, collect information, and form and evaluate educated guesses so as to make accurate judgments and decisions. The present research provides a review of the customer development model for entrepreneurial activities and a critique of this hypothesis testing methodology. We then consider ways in which to improve decision making within the startup via a systematic study of System 1 ( intuition) and System 2 ( reasoned and rational) decision-making styles. This paper has significant implications for entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship support organizations, such as incubators and accelerators, and entrepreneurship educators, all of whom are increasingly practicing and teaching this process

Hubungan Antara Senam Zumba Terhadap Nilai FEV1 Pada Mahasiswa Semester 1 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado

: Zumba is one of the physical activities that inspired by a variety of dances in Latin America and was developed in Colombia. Increasing of respiratory muscle endurance can be achieved by physical excersices. Respiratory function measured by FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second) value gives information about the maximum speed of air flow within the lungs. This study used one group pre and post test design plan and experimentally. Respondents were the first year female students of Medical Faculty Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Data were analyzed by using the T-pair test and SPSS. The bivariate analysis showed a P value 0.000 between the FEV1 between 2 weeks before zumba excercise and 2 weeks after zumba excercise. Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between zumba excercise and the FEV1

KORELASI KADAR LEMAK DAN LAKTOSA DENGAN BERAT JENIS SUSU SAPI FRIESIAN HOLSTEIN DI KECAMATAN NGABLAK KABUPATEN MAGELANG

Milk density and fat content are used as indicators of milk production from dairy farmer by Milk Proccessing Industry (MPI). Some MPI determines the price of milk based on fat  and milk lactose content. This research was aimed to study the correlation of fat content, lactose content, and milk density. The material used were 90 of lactation FH cows in the II – III lactation periode and month of lactation are 2 – 3. The analysis method used was simple linear correlation regresion. The results showed that during increased milk fat and lactose contents, will increased milk density. Fat and lactose content are significantly correlated with milk density (P<0.01). The overall calculation shows that there was a relationship between fat content and lactose content to milk density, each 70.8 and 68.7%. Fat content with milk density, and lactose content with milk density showed a strong positive correlations. In conclusion, there was a correlation between fat content and lactose content with milk density. The correlation of fat content and lactose content with milk density were the higher fat and lactose content, higher milk density

Determination of fatty acids profile in original brown cows dairy products and relationship with alpine pasture farming system

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between fatty acids and the pattern that most contributes to discriminate between two farming systems, in which the main difference was the practice, or not, of alpine summer-grazing. Milk and cheese were sampled every month in two farms of Original Brown cows identical under geographical location and management during no grazing season point of view in the 2018 season. Fatty acids concentrations were determined by gas chromatography. The principal component analysis extracted three components (PCs). Mammary gland de novo synthetized fatty acids (C14:0, C14:1 n9, and C16:0) and saturated and monosaturated C18 fatty acids (C18:0, C18:1 n9c) were inversely associated in the PC1; PC2 included polyunsaturated C18 fatty acids (C18:2 n6c, C18:3 n3) and C15:0 while conjugated linoleic acid (CLA n9c, n11t) and fatty acids containing 20 or more carbon atoms (C21:0, C20:5 n3) were associated in the PC3. The processes of rumen fermentation and de novo synthesis in mammary gland that are, in turn, influenced by diet, could explain the relationships between fatty acids within each PC. The discriminant analyses showed that the PC2 included the fatty acids profile that best discriminated between the two farming systems, followed by PC3 and, lastly, PC1. This model, if validated, could be an important tool to the dairy industry

Viral Transfer and Inactivation through Zooplankton Trophic Interactions

Waterborne viruses are responsible for numerous diseases and are abundant in aquatic systems. Understanding the fate of viruses in natural systems has important implications for human health. This research quantifies the uptake of the bacteriophage T4 and the enteric virus echovirus 11 when exposed to the filter feeders Tetrahymena pyriformis and Daphnia magna, and also examines the potential of viral transfer due to trophic interactions. Experiments co-incubating each species with the viruses over 72-96 h showed up to a 4 log virus removal for T. pyriformis, while direct viral uptake by D. magna was not observed. However, viral uptake by D. magna occurred indirectly by viral transfer from prey to predator, through D. magna feeding on virus-loaded T. pyriformis. This prey-predator interaction resulted in a 1 log additional virus removal compared to removal by T. pyriformis alone. Incomplete viral inactivation by D. magna was observed through recovery of infective viruses from the daphnid tissue. This research furthers our understanding of the impacts of zooplankton filter feeding on viral inactivation and shows the potential for viral transfer through the food chain. The viral-zooplankton interactions observed in these studies indicate that zooplankton may improve water quality through viral uptake or may serve as vectors for infection by accumulating viruses

Genetic evidence of Dobrava virus in Apodemus agrarius in Hungary.

Using nested polymerase chain reaction, we sequenced Dobrava virus (DOB) from the rodent Apodemus agrarius in Hungary. The samples we isolated group with DOB samples previously isolated from A. flavicollis. This grouping may indicate host switching

Correlations between rectal and tail base temperature obtained by thermal sensor in dairy calves.

Evento virtual

All grown up? The fate after 15 years of a quarter of a million UK firms born in 1998

The theory of firm growth is in a rather unsatisfactory state. However, the analysis of large firm-level datasets which have become available in recent years allows us to begin building an evidence base which can, in turn, be used to underpin the development of more satisfactory theory. Here we study the 239 thousand UK private sector firms born in 1998 over their first 15 years of life. A first, and quite striking, finding is the extraordinary force of mortality. By age 15, 90% of the UK firms born in 1998 are dead, and, for those surviving to age 15, the hazard of death is still about 10% a year. The chance of death is related to the size and growth of firms in an interesting way. Whilst the hazard rate after 15 years is largely independent of size at birth, it is strongly affected by the current (age 14) size. In particular, firms with more than five employees are half as likely to die in the next year as firms with less than five employees. A second important finding is that most firms, even those which survive to age 15, do not grow very much. By age 15 more than half the 26,000 survivors still have less than five jobs. In other words, the growth paths – what we call the ‘growth trajectories’ – of most of the 26,000 survivors are pretty flat. However, of the firms that do grow, firms born smaller grow faster than those born larger. Another striking finding is that growth is heavily concentrated in the first five years. Whilst growth does continue, even up to age 15, each year after age five it involves only a relatively small proportion of firms. Finally, there are two groups of survivors which contribute importantly to job creation. Some are those born relatively large (with more than 20 jobs) although their growth rate is quite modest. More striking though, is a very small group of firms born very small with less than five jobs (about 5% of all survivors) which contribute a substantial proportion (more than one third) of the jobs added to the cohort total by age 15

A study of patent thickets

Report analysing whether entry of UK enterprises into patenting in a technology area is affected by patent thickets in the technology area

An international cohort comparison of size effects on job growth

The contribution of different-sized businesses to job creation continues to attract policymakers’ attention; however, it has recently been recognised that conclusions about size were confounded with the effect of age. We probe the role of size, controlling for age, by comparing the cohorts of firms born in 1998 over their first decade of life, using variation across half a dozen northern European countries Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway, Sweden and the UK to pin down size effects. We find that a very small proportion of the smallest firms play a crucial role in accounting for cross-country differences in job growth. A closer analysis reveals that the initial size distribution and survival rates do not seem to explain job growth differences between countries, rather it is a small number of rapidly growing firms that are driving this result