923 research outputs found
Using Field and Satellite Measurements to Improve Snow and Riming Processes in Cloud Resolving Models
The representation of clouds in climate and weather models is a driver in forecast uncertainty. Cloud microphysics parameterizations are challenged by having to represent a diverse range of ice species. Key characteristics of predicted ice species include habit and fall speed, and complex interactions that result from mixed-phased processes like riming. Our proposed activity leverages Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission ground validation studies to improve parameterization
Protection strategies for next generation passive optical networks -2
Next Generation Passive Optical Networks-2 (NGPON2) are being considered to upgrade the current PON technology to meet the ever increasing bandwidth requirements of the end users while optimizing the network operators' investment. Reliability performance of NG-PON2 is very important due to the extended reach and, consequently, large number of served customers per PON segment. On the other hand, the use of more complex and hence more failure prone components than in the current PON systems may degrade reliability performance of the network. Thus designing reliable NG-PON2 architectures is of a paramount importance. Moreover, for appropriately evaluating network reliability performance, new models are required. For example, the commonly used reliability parameter, i.e., connection availability, defined as the percentage of time for which a connection remains operable, doesn't reflect the network wide reliability performance. The network operators are often more concerned about a single failure affecting a large number of customers than many uncorrelated failures disconnecting fewer customers while leading to the same average failure time. With this view, we introduce a new parameter for reliability performance evaluation, referred to as the failure impact. In this paper, we propose several reliable architectures for two important NGPON2 candidates: wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) PON and time and wavelength division multiplexed (TWDM) PON. Furthermore, we evaluate protection coverage, availability, failure impact and cost of the proposed schemes in order to identify the most efficient protection architecture
Software-defined networking: guidelines for experimentation and validation in large-scale real world scenarios
Part 1: IIVC WorkshopInternational audienceThis article thoroughly details large-scale real world experiments using Software-Defined Networking in the testbed setup. More precisely, it provides a description of the foundation technology behind these experiments, which in turn is focused around OpenFlow and on the OFELIA testbed. In this testbed preliminary experiments were performed in order to tune up settings and procedures, analysing the encountered problems and their respective solutions. A methodology consisting of five large-scale experiments is proposed in order to properly validate and improve the evaluation techniques used in OpenFlow scenarios
Extracting the Mass Dependence and Quantum Numbers of Short-Range Correlated Pairs from A(e,e'p) and A(e,e'pp) Scattering
The nuclear mass dependence of the number of short-range correlated (SRC)
proton-proton (pp) and proton-neutron (pn) pairs in nuclei is a sensitive probe
of the dynamics of short-range pairs in the ground state of atomic nuclei. This
work presents an analysis of electroinduced single-proton and two-proton
knockout measurements off 12C, 27Al, 56Fe, and 208Pb in kinematics dominated by
scattering off SRC pairs. The nuclear mass dependence of the observed
A(e,e'pp)/12C(e,e'pp) cross-section ratios and the extracted number of pp- and
pn-SRC pairs are much softer than the mass dependence of the total number of
possible pairs. This is in agreement with a physical picture of SRC affecting
predominantly nucleon-nucleon pairs in a nodeless relative-S state of the
mean-field basis.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Simulation of dark lanes in post--flare supra--arcades
Using two simulations of 1.5D, for the first time, in Costa et al. (2009) and
Shulz et al. (2010) we numerically reproduce the observational dark inflows
described in Verwichte et al. (2005). We show that the dark tracks can be
explained as hot plasma vacuums generated upstream of a slow magnetoacoustic
shock wave produced by a localized deposition of energy. In this work, we show
that the overall 2D results are in agreement with the observational behaviour.
However they show a slight shift in the characteristic parameter with respect
to those found previously. Also, we confirm qualitatively the behaviour found
in the previous papers, i.e. for a given numerical domain the period of the
kink--like structure is a function of the magnetic field intensity: larger
periods are associated with lower magnetic field intensities. Contrary to the
1D result -where the sunward dynamic is independent of the magnetic field
intensity due to its exclusively waveguide role- in the 2D simulation the
sunward speed is larger for larger values of the magnetic field. This can be
interpreted as the capability of the low coronal plasma to collimate the
deposition of energy into the magnetic field direction. The moving features
consistent of low--density and high--temperature plasma cavities have larger
inside values of the structuring parameter beta than the neighboring media.
Thus, the voids seem to be the emergence structures of a whole nonlinear
interacting plasma context of shocks and waves more than voided plasma loops
magnetically structured.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Single-bubble and multi-bubble cavitation in water triggered by laser-driven focusing shock waves
In this study a single laser pulse spatially shaped into a ring is focused
into a thin water layer, creating an annular cavitation bubble and cylindrical
shock waves: an outer shock that diverges away from the excitation laser ring
and an inner shock that focuses towards the center. A few nanoseconds after the
converging shock reaches the focus and diverges away from the center, a single
bubble nucleates at the center. The inner diverging shock then reaches the
surface of the annular laser-induced bubble and reflects at the boundary,
initiating nucleation of a tertiary bubble cloud. In the present experiments,
we have performed time-resolved imaging of shock propagation and bubble wall
motion. Our experimental observations of single-bubble cavitation and collapse
and appearance of ring-shaped bubble clouds are consistent with our numerical
simulations that solve a one dimensional Euler equation in cylindrical
coordinates. The numerical results agree qualitatively with the experimental
observations of the appearance and growth of bubble clouds at the smallest
laser excitation rings. Our technique of shock-driven bubble cavitation opens
novel perspectives for the investigation of shock-induced single-bubble or
multi-bubble cavitation phenomena in thin liquids
Recursive internetwork architecture, investigating RINA as an alternative to TCP/IP (IRATI)
Driven by the requirements of the emerging applications and networks, the Internet has become an architectural patchwork of growing complexity which strains to cope with the changes. Moore’s law prevented us from recognising that the problem does not hide in the high demands of today’s applications but lies in the flaws of the Internet’s original design. The Internet needs to move beyond TCP/IP to prosper in the long term, TCP/IP has outlived its usefulness.
The Recursive InterNetwork Architecture (RINA) is a new Internetwork architecture whose fundamental principle is that networking is only interprocess communication (IPC). RINA reconstructs the overall structure of the Internet, forming a model that comprises a single repeating layer, the DIF (Distributed IPC Facility), which is the minimal set of components required to allow distributed IPC between application processes. RINA supports inherently and without the need of extra mechanisms mobility, multi-homing and Quality of Service, provides a secure and configurable environment, motivates for a more competitive marketplace and allows for a seamless adoption.
RINA is the best choice for the next generation networks due to its sound theory, simplicity and the features it enables. IRATI’s goal is to achieve further exploration of this new architecture. IRATI will advance the state of the art of RINA towards an architecture reference model and specifcations that are closer to enable implementations deployable in production scenarios.
The design and implemention of a RINA prototype on top of Ethernet will permit the experimentation and evaluation of RINA in comparison to TCP/IP. IRATI will use the OFELIA testbed to carry on its experimental activities. Both projects will benefit from the collaboration. IRATI will gain access to a large-scale testbed with a controlled network while OFELIA will get a unique use-case to validate the facility: experimentation of a non-IP based Internet
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