Mapping spaces and automorphism groups of toric noncommutative spaces

We develop a sheaf theory approach to toric noncommutative geometry which allows us to formalize the concept of mapping spaces between two toric noncommutative spaces. As an application we study the 'internalized' automorphism group of a toric noncommutative space and show that its Lie algebra has an elementary description in terms of braided derivations

Single Event Upset tests and failure rate estimation for a front-end ASIC adopted in high-flux-particle therapy applications

none8A 64 channels Application Specific Integrated Circuit, named TERA09, designed in a 0.35 m technology for particle therapy applications, has been characterized for Single Event Upset probability. TERA09 is a current-to-frequency converter that offers a wide input range, extending from few nA to hundreds of A, with linearity deviations in the order of a few percent. This device operates as front-end readout electronics for parallel plate ionization chambers adopted in clinical applications. This chip is going to be located beside the monitor chamber, thus not directly exposed to the particle beam. For this reason, no radiation hardening techniques were adopted during the microelectronics design. The intent of the test reported in this paper is to predict the TERA09 upset rate probability in a real application scenario. Due to the fact that TERA09 has an extended digital area with registers and counters, it is interesting to estimate the effect of the secondary neutron field produced during the treatment. The radiation damage test took place at the SIRAD facility of the Italian National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Padova, Italy. The SIRAD facility allows to study the CMOS upset rate as a function of the energy deposited during irradiation. By irradiating the chip with ions of different Linear Energy Transfer, it is possible to calculate the single event effect cross-section as a function of the deposited energy. It resulted that the minimum deposited energy in a CMOS silicon sensitive volume of , responsible for a Single Event Upset probability higher than zero, is 690 keV. In the last part of the paper, we calculated the expected upset probability in a typical clinical environment, knowing the fluence of secondary, backward-emitted neutrons. Considering as an example a treatment room located at the CNAO particle therapy center in Pavia, the expected upset rate for TERA09 is events/year. Using a redundant and independent monitor chamber, the upset probability expected during one detector readout is lower than , as explained in the document.noneFausti, F.; Mazza, G.; Giordanengo, S.; Hammad Ali, O.; Manganaro, L.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Cirio, R.Fausti, F.; Mazza, G.; Giordanengo, S.; Hammad Ali, O.; Manganaro, L.; Monaco, V.; Sacchi, R.; Cirio, R

MÉTODOS DE DETECÇÃO DO GÊNERO Aspergillus EM SEMENTES DE MILHO (Zea mays L.) EM 270 DIAS DE ARMAZENAMENTO

O gênero Aspergillus tem como característica desenvolver-se em sementes e grãos com baixa umidade causando deterioração destes durante armazenamento com efeito na germinação nas sementes e produção de micotoxinas como aflatoxina em grãos, prejudiciais a saúde do homem e dos animais. Para avaliar a eficiência de métodos de detecção para Aspergillus, verificar germinação e umidade das sementes de milho foi feita armazenagem por 270 dias. As avaliações foram ao zero, 90, 150, 210 e 270 dias após armazenamento (DAA) com testes em papel filtro (blotter) e nos meios de batata dextrose ágar ácido (BDA ácido) e ágar suco de tomate mais 6% de cloreto de sódio (AST salino). Como resultados ao zero dia de armazenamento verificou-se ausência de Aspergillus; aos 90 DAA incidências 7,2% em blotter e 1,1% em AST; aos 150 DAA incidências 5,1% em blotter; aos 210 DAA incidências 41,1% em AST, 5,1% no blotter e 3,3% no BDA e aos 270 DAA incidências de 79,7% e 66,2% em blotter e AST que não diferiram estatisticamente entre si e 21% em BDA. A germinação e umidade foram: 98% e 10,8% (dia zero); 93% e 13,4% (90 DAA); 93% e 12,2% (150 DAA); 92% e 14,2% (210 DAA) e 36 % e 12,2 % (270 DAA), respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o meio AST salino mostrou maior eficiência para detectar Aspergillus aos 210 DAA indicando proliferação do gênero durante armazenamento até 270 DAA. A germinação das sementes reduziu-se de 92% para 36% entre 210 e 270 DAA e a umidade variou entre 10,8% e 14,2%, compatível com armazenagem segura. DETECTION METHODS OF Aspergillus GENUS IN CORN SEEDS (Zea mays L.) DURING 270 DAYS STORAGE Abstract The genera Aspergillus has a characteristic to developed in seeds and grains with low humidity causing deterioration during storage with effects on the seeds germination andmicotoxins production as aflatoxin in grains that are harmful to man and animal health. To evaluated the efficiency of detection methods for Aspergillus, to confirm germination and humidity in maize seeds, they were stored for 270 days. The evaluations were at zero, 90, 150, 210 and 270 days after storage (DAS) with the blotter test and in media potato-dextrose-agar (PDA acid) and tomato juice agar plus 6% NaCl (salty TJA). As results at zero day absence of Aspergillus, at 90 DAS incidence 7,2% in blotter and 1,1% in TMA, at 150 DAS incidence 5,1% in blotter; at 210 DAS the incidence 41,1% in TMA, 5,1% in blotter e 3,3% in PDA and at 270 DAS incidence 79,7% and 66,2% in blotter and TMA that didnt differ statistically and 21% in PDA. Were get germination and humidity 98% and 10,8% (zero day); 93% and 13,4% (90 DAS); 93% and 12,2% (150 DAS); 92% and 14,2% (210 DAS) and 36% and 12,2% (270 DAS) respectively. The conclusions were that the media salty TJA showed higher efficiency to detect Aspergillus at 210 DAS what indicated proliferation of the genera during storage till 270 DAS. The germination reduced from92% to 36% between 210 e 270 DAS and humidity remained between 10,8% and 14,2% compatible with secure storage

Pixel segmented ionization chamber for therapeutical beams of photons and hadrons

Abstract A fast and precise detector to monitor on-line the dose delivered by an active scanning therapeutical beam has been built and tested