Admissão de Doentes com Cancro do Pulmão nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos

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El índice de riesgo nutricional en el Estado de México

Introducción: La información actual que existe en México sobre problemas nutricionales generalmente es a nivel nacional, lo cual diluye los datos a nivel municipal y local, situa- ción que conlleva a la nula detección de zonas más afectadas nutricionalmente.Objetivo: Describir la situación nutricional a nivel municipal en el Estado de México en 2005 a través del Índice de Riesgo Nutricional (IRN).Métodos y materiales: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y re- trospectivo en los 125 municipios del Estado de México durante agosto 2012 y julio 2013. El IRN 2005 está integrado por 14 variables que se dividen en 3 categorías: estadísticas vitales, estadísticas sociales y variable antropométrica. Para el análisis estadístico se usó el programa SPSS y EXCEL.Resultados: En el Estado de México entre 2000 y 2005 empeoró la situación nutricional pasando de un IRN de bajo a moderado; los municipios más afectados en 2005 fueron: San José del Rincón, Donato Guerra, Villa Victoria, San Felipe del Progreso y Sultepec; 3 municipios mejoraron (18.25%) y 13 (81.25%) empeoraron su situación nutricional.Conclusiones: Un alto número de municipios del Estado de México se encuentran en una categoría de riesgo nutricional moderado, por ello es importante no minimizar el pro- blema y emprender esfuerzos para disminuir los problemas nutricionales

El índice de riesgo nutricional en el Estado de México

Introducción: La información actual que existe en México sobre problemas nutricionales generalmente es a nivel nacional, lo cual diluye los datos a nivel municipal y local, situa- ción que conlleva a la nula detección de zonas más afectadas nutricionalmente.Objetivo: Describir la situación nutricional a nivel municipal en el Estado de México en 2005 a través del Índice de Riesgo Nutricional (IRN).Métodos y materiales: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, observacional y re- trospectivo en los 125 municipios del Estado de México durante agosto 2012 y julio 2013. El IRN 2005 está integrado por 14 variables que se dividen en 3 categorías: estadísticas vitales, estadísticas sociales y variable antropométrica. Para el análisis estadístico se usó el programa SPSS y EXCEL.Resultados: En el Estado de México entre 2000 y 2005 empeoró la situación nutricional pasando de un IRN de bajo a moderado; los municipios más afectados en 2005 fueron: San José del Rincón, Donato Guerra, Villa Victoria, San Felipe del Progreso y Sultepec; 3 municipios mejoraron (18.25%) y 13 (81.25%) empeoraron su situación nutricional.Conclusiones: Un alto número de municipios del Estado de México se encuentran en una categoría de riesgo nutricional moderado, por ello es importante no minimizar el pro- blema y emprender esfuerzos para disminuir los problemas nutricionales

Codon-triplet context unveils unique features of the Candida albicans protein coding genome

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The evolutionary forces that determine the arrangement of synonymous codons within open reading frames and fine tune mRNA translation efficiency are not yet understood. In order to tackle this question we have carried out a large scale study of codon-triplet contexts in 11 fungal species to unravel associations or relationships between codons present at the ribosome A-, P- and E-sites during each decoding cycle.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our analysis unveiled high bias within the context of codon-triplets, in particular strong preference for triplets of identical codons. We have also identified a surprisingly large number of codon-triplet combinations that vanished from fungal ORFeomes. <it>Candida albicans </it>exacerbated these features, showed an unbalanced tRNA population for decoding its pool of codons and used near-cognate decoding for a large set of codons, suggesting that unique evolutionary forces shaped the evolution of its ORFeome.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We have developed bioinformatics tools for large-scale analysis of codon-triplet contexts. These algorithms identified codon-triplets context biases, allowed for large scale comparative codon-triplet analysis, and identified rules governing codon-triplet context. They could also detect alterations to the standard genetic code.</p

Representaciones sociales relacionadas con la alimentación escolar: el caso de las escuelas públicas de la Ciudad de México

México está confrontando una epidemia de sobrepeso/obesidad sin precedentes, en particular entre los niños. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar las principales representaciones sociales relacionadas con la alimentación en la escuela, presentes en los discursos de los diferentes actores escolares. Se realizaron 20 entrevistas con actores escolares y 10 grupos de discusión con niños y niñas de 12 escuelas. Se identificaron tres principales concepciones, representaciones en las que estructuran su relación con la alimentación en la escuela, 1) comida "chatarra" versus comida casera, 2) valoración de la fruta desde diferentes perspectivas, 3) función placentera de la comida escolar. Se argumentará la contribución de esta información para entender mejor la oferta y el consumo de los escolares. El estudio permitió identificar algunos elementos que estructuran profundamentela relación de los diferentes actores escolares con la alimentación escolar y que se relacionan con, 1) presencia en los discursos de ideas y conocimientos sobre la alimentación, a veces opuestos y generados por diferentes campos de saberes, que muestran el carácter dinámico y complejo del hecho alimentario, 2) interiorización por parte de los niños de un sistema de jerarquización de los alimentos, 3) carácter identitario de la alimentación

Species-Specific Codon Context Rules Unveil Non-Neutrality Effects of Synonymous Mutations

Codon pair usage (codon context) is a species specific gene primary structure feature whose evolutionary and functional roles are poorly understood. The data available show that codon-context has direct impact on both translation accuracy and efficiency, but one does not yet understand how it affects these two translation variables or whether context biases shape gene evolution.Here we study codon-context biases using a set of 72 orthologous highly conserved genes from bacteria, archaea, fungi and high eukaryotes to identify 7 distinct groups of codon context rules. We show that synonymous mutations, i.e., neutral mutations that occur in synonymous codons of codon-pairs, are selected to maintain context biases and that non-synonymous mutations, i.e., non-neutral mutations that alter protein amino acid sequences, are also under selective pressure to preserve codon-context biases.Since in vivo studies provide evidence for a role of codon context on decoding fidelity in E. coli and for decoding efficiency in mammalian cells, our data support the hypothesis that, like codon usage, codon context modulates the evolution of gene primary structure and fine tunes the structure of open reading frames for high genome translational fidelity and efficiency in the 3 domains of life

The genome and transcriptome of Trichormus sp NMC-1: insights into adaptation to extreme environments on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) has the highest biodiversity for an extreme environment worldwide, and provides an ideal natural laboratory to study adaptive evolution. In this study, we generated a draft genome sequence of cyanobacteria Trichormus sp. NMC-1 in the QTP and performed whole transcriptome sequencing under low temperature to investigate the genetic mechanism by which T. sp. NMC-1 adapted to the specific environment. Its genome sequence was 5.9 Mb with a G+C content of 39.2% and encompassed a total of 5362 CDS. A phylogenomic tree indicated that this strain belongs to the Trichormus and Anabaena cluster. Genome comparison between T. sp. NMC-1 and six relatives showed that functionally unknown genes occupied a much higher proportion (28.12%) of the T. sp. NMC-1 genome. In addition, functions of specific, significant positively selected, expanded orthogroups, and differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction, cell wall/membrane biogenesis, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, and energy production and conversion were analyzed to elucidate specific adaptation traits. Further analyses showed that the CheY-like genes, extracellular polysaccharide and mycosporine-like amino acids might play major roles in adaptation to harsh environments. Our findings indicate that sophisticated genetic mechanisms are involved in cyanobacterial adaptation to the extreme environment of the QTP

Parameter estimation in spatially extended systems: The Karhunen-Loeve and Galerkin multiple shooting approach

Parameter estimation for spatiotemporal dynamics for coupled map lattices and continuous time domain systems is shown using a combination of multiple shooting, Karhunen-Loeve decomposition and Galerkin's projection methodologies. The resulting advantages in estimating parameters have been studied and discussed for chaotic and turbulent dynamics using small amounts of data from subsystems, availability of only scalar and noisy time series data, effects of space-time parameter variations, and in the presence of multiple time-scales.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 4 Tables Corresponding Author - V. Ravi Kumar, e-mail address: [email protected]

QoS Analysis for a Non-Preemptive Continuous Monitoring and Event Driven WSN Protocol in Mobile Environments

Evolution in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has allowed the introduction of new applications with increased complexity regarding communication protocols, which have to ensure that certain QoS parameters are met. Specifically, mobile applications require the system to respond in a certain manner in order to adequately track the target object. Hybrid algorithms that perform Continuous Monitoring (CntM) and Event-Driven (ED) duties have proven their ability to enhance performance in different environments, where emergency alarms are required. In this paper, several types of environments are studied using mathematical models and simulations, for evaluating the performance of WALTER, a priority-based nonpreemptive hybrid WSN protocol that aims to reduce delay and packet loss probability in time-critical packets. First, randomly distributed events are considered. This environment can be used to model a wide variety of physical phenomena, for which report delay and energy consumption are analyzed by means of Markov models. Then, mobile-only environments are studied for object tracking purposes. Here, some of the parameters that determine the performance of the system are identified. Finally, an environment containing mobile objects and randomly distributed events is considered. It is shown that by assigning high priority to time-critical packets, report delay is reduced and network performance is enhanced.This work was partially supported by CONACyT under Project 183370. The research of Vicent Pla has been supported in part by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain under Grant TIN2013-47272-C2-1-R.Leyva Mayorga, I.; Rivero-Angeles, ME.; Carreto-Arellano, C.; Pla, V. (2015). QoS Analysis for a Non-Preemptive Continuous Monitoring and Event Driven WSN Protocol in Mobile Environments. 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