Uji Antidiare Ekstrak Rimpang Rumput Teki (Cyperus Rotundus L.) Dibandingkan dengan Obat Attapulgite pada Mencit (Mus Musculus L.) Jantan yang Diinduksi Oleum Ricini

Diare merupakan suatu gejala klinis dan gangguan saluran pencernaan yang ditandai dengan bertambahnya frekuensi defekasi, disertai dengan Perubahan konsistensi feses menjadi lebih cair/lembek. Rumput teki merupakan herbal menahun yang tumbuh liar dan kurang mendapat perhatian, padahal bagian tanaman ini terutama umbinya dapat digunakan sebagai obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pengaruh ekstrak rimpang rumput teki dengan obat attapulgite terhadap antidiare pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan yang diinduksi Olium ricini. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Zoologi Jurusan Biologi FMIPA Universitas Lampung pada bulan April-Mei 2016. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 5 perlakuan : (K) kontrol diberi 0,4 ml /40 gr BB aquabides (K1) dosis obat attapulgite dengan dosis 0,4 mg /40gr BB, (K2) dosis ekstrak rumput teki 4,5 mg/ 40 gr BB, (K3) dosis ekstrak rumput teki 45 mg/40 gr BB, (K4) dosis ekstrak rumput teki 135 mg/40 gr BB, dengan pengulangan sebanyak 5 kali dan pemberian Oleum ricini dengan dosis 150 mg/kgBB untuk setiap perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi : waktu terjadinya diare, frekuensi diare, konsistensi feses pada mencit (Mus musculus L.) jantan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang rumput teki dosis 135mg/40gram BB dan obat attapulgit dosis 0,4 mg/40gr BB dapat memperpanjang waktu terjadinya diare, dapat menurunkan frekuensi diare, dan dapat memperbaiki konsistensi feses mencit secara segnifikan apabila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Hal ini disebabkan karena didalam ekstrak rimpang rumput teki mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan alkaloid sebagai antidiare

Uji Senyawa Taurin Sebagai Antikanker Terhadap Jumlah Sel-Sel Leukosit Dan Sel-Sel Eritrosit Mencit (Mus musculus L.) yang Diinduksi Benzo (Α) Pyren Secara In Vivo

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of taurine supplementation on the totalcount of leucocyte cells and erythrocyte cells of mice that have been induced to benzo (α)pyrene in vivo. The parameters of this experiment were the total count of leucocyte cells anderythrocyte cells of mice (Mus musculus L.). This experiment was conducted in a completerandomized design by using six treatments, each in five replications. The mice were dividedinto six groups. Group I used as control were not given any treatment. Group II were given0,2 mL of oleum olevarum (olive oil) orally to the end of the experiment. Group III wereinduced to benzo (α) pyrene without being given any taurine. Group IV were given 7,8mg/bw of taurine before being induced to benzo (α) pyrene. Group V were given 7,8 mg/bwof taurine after being induced to benzo (α) pyrene. Group VI were given 15,6 mg/bw oftaurine after being induced to benzo (α) pyrene. Mice of group III, V, and VI were injectedwith 0,5 mL of benzo (α) pyrene solution every day for 10 days on their subcutant tissue forthe purpose of a nodule being formed in this area. It was then continued by giving taurineorally for 15 days. In the final treatment, mice blood was taken to count the leucocyte cellsand erythrocyte cells. The data were analyzed using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) thencontinued by calculating least significant difference at 5 per cent level of significance. Theresults indicated that taurine had the ability to reduce leucocyte cells into its normalquantity, and was able to increase the number of erythrocyte cells of mice suffered fromleukaemia back to normal.Key words: benzo (α) pyrene, leukaemia, leucocyte, mice , taurin

Cholesterol Corrects Altered Conformation of MHC-II Protein in Leishmania donovani Infected Macrophages: Implication in Therapy

Previously we reported that Kala-azar patients show progressive decrease in serum cholesterol as a function of splenic parasite burden. Splenic macrophages (MΦ) of Leishmania donovani (LD) infected mice show decrease in membrane cholesterol, while LD infected macrophages (I-MΦ) show defective T cell stimulating ability that could be corrected by liposomal delivery of cholesterol. T helper cells recognize peptide antigen in the context of class II MHC molecule. It is known that the conformation of a large number of membrane proteins is dependent on membrane cholesterol. In this investigation we tried to understand the influence of decreased membrane cholesterol in I-MΦ on the conformation of MHC-II protein and peptide-MHC-II stability, and its bearing on the antigen specific T-cell activatio

Scanning tunneling microscopy of the electronic structure of chemical vapor deposited diamond films

This article discusses scanning tunneling microscopy of the electronic structure of chemical vapor deposited diamond films

CTLA-4 and PD-1 dual blockade induces SIV reactivation without control of rebound after antiretroviral therapy interruption

The primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) reservoir is composed of resting memory CD4+ T cells, which often express the immune checkpoint receptors programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which limit T cell activation via synergistic mechanisms. Using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected, long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART)-treated rhesus macaques, we demonstrate that PD-1, CTLA-4 and dual CTLA-4/PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade using monoclonal antibodies is well tolerated, with evidence of bioactivity in blood and lymph nodes. Dual blockade was remarkably more effective than PD-1 blockade alone in enhancing T cell cycling and differentiation, expanding effector-memory T cells and inducing robust viral reactivation in plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In lymph nodes, dual CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade, but not PD-1 alone, decreased the total and intact SIV-DNA in CD4+ T cells, and SIV-DNA and SIV-RNA in B cell follicles, a major site of viral persistence during ART. None of the tested interventions enhanced SIV-specific CD8+ T cell responses during ART or viral control after ART interruption. Thus, despite CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade inducing robust latency reversal and reducing total levels of integrated virus, the degree of reservoir clearance was still insufficient to achieve viral control. These results suggest that immune checkpoint blockade regimens targeting PD-1 and/or CTLA-4, if performed in people living with HIV with sustained aviremia, are unlikely to induce HIV remission in the absence of additional interventions

Phylogenomic analysis of a 55.1 kb 19-gene dataset resolves a monophyletic Fusarium that includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex

Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user¿s needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option availabl