Botanical, Pharmacognosy, and Phytochemical Studies of Sintrong Leaves (Crassocephalum crepidioides) Growing in Tanjung Setia Village, West Coast, Lampung: Kajian Botani, Farmakognosi, dan Fitokimia Daun Sintrong (Crassocephalum crepidioides) yang Tumbuh di Desa Tanjung Setia Pesisir Barat Lampung

Crassochepalum crepidioides plant has antibacterial and anti-wound properties. This study aims to determine the botanical profile, microscopic powder, phytochemical screening, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). This study aims to determine the morphology of leaves, stems, roots, microscopic powder, phytochemical screening, and Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) of C. crepidioides leaves from Tanjung Setia Village West Coast Lampung, Indonesia. Methods include morphological examination, microscopic powder, phytochemical screening, and TLC. The results of the botanical show oval-shaped leaves, pointed tips, pinnate veins, serrated edges, smooth leaf surface, soft wood stems, and tap roots. Microscopic observation found fragments of stomata. Positive phytochemical screening of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. TLC test spot with five spots (red) and an average Rf value of 0.21-0.97. Concludes that the thin layer chromatography test is thought to produce flavonoid spots at an Rf value of 0.72-0.77

Exploration and Identification of Gliocladium sp as Biological Agent from the Rhizosphere of Tomato : Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Jamur Gliocladium sp sebagai Agens Hayati dari Rhizosfer Tanaman Tomat

One of the roles of microorganisms is as a biological agent. This study aims to explore and identify the biological agent of the fungus Gliocladium sp. found in the rhizosphere of tomato plants. Exploration was done by taking samples of tomato plant root soil in five locations using a diagonal plot. Rhizosphere microorganisms were isolated using the multilevel dilution and spread on PDA media added with chloramphenicol. Fungal isolates were identified macroscopically and microscopically. The results of exploring fungal biological agents in the rhizosphere soil of tomato plants revealed four genera of fungal isolates, namely Aspergillus, Trichoderma, Paecilomyces, and Gliocladium. Based on the identification results, the fungal isolate Gliocladium sp. has a blackish-green colony color with a circular colony. In contrast, microscopically, it has the morphological characteristics of upright conidiophores, growing straight, and branching

Potential of Proteolytic Bacteria from Vegetable and Fruit Waste-Based Eco-Enzyme : Potensi Bakteri Proteolitik dari Eco-Enzyme Berbasis Limbah Sayuran dan Buah

Organic waste, often considered useless material, can be processed into value-added products such as eco-enzymes. Eco-enzyme is a liquid fermented from organic waste that contains various enzymes, including proteases. This study aims to explore the potential of proteolytic bacteria from eco-enzyme solutions made from vegetable and fruit waste and analyze the proteolytic index of the isolates obtained. This research applied a quantitative approach with descriptive methods. The isolation technique used in this research is the pour plate method with milk agar media, which calculates the number of bacterial colonies using the TPC (Total Plate Count) formula. The results showed that nine bacterial isolates were obtained from the isolation of vegetable and fruit waste-based eco-enzyme solution. Qualitative tests showed that isolate 8A had the highest proteolytic index of 5, while isolate 7B had the lowest proteolytic index of 1.5

Macrobenthic Community Structure as a Bioindicator of Environmental Quality at Pier 1, Kota Agung: Struktur Komunitas Makrobenthos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Lingkungan di Dermaga 1, Kota Agung

This study aims to assess the water quality of Pier 1 Kota Agung using macrobenthic community structures as biological indicators. Coastal areas such as Kota Agung Pier are increasingly exposed to anthropogenic pressures due to port operations, shipping activities, and surrounding land use. These pressures can subtly alter water quality and benthic community structure over time. A descriptive quantitative approach was applied across three observation stations representing the aquatic conditions surrounding the pier. Macrobenthos samples were collected using a Macrobenthic sample, which was carried out using a 10-inch core sampler and a 10mm mesh, for physical and chemical parameters. The identified macrobenthic organisms belonged to the classes Gastropoda, Oligochaeta, and Malacostraca, showing moderate diversity (H’ = 1.337–1.567), high evenness (E = 0.84–0.98), and low dominance (D = 0.24–0.37). The Family Biotic Index (FBI) values ranged from 3.81 to 3.86, indicating good water quality with low levels of organic pollution. Physical and chemical parameters such as temperature, water clarity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were within the standard quality thresholds. The study reveals that the environmental conditions at Pier 1 Kota Agung are relatively good, as indicated by balanced macrobenthic community structures and supportive physicochemical parameters

Inventory of Plant Species with Potential as Botanical Pesticide in Bowi Subur Village, Masni District, Manokwari Regency: Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Berpotensi sebagai Pestisida Nabati di Desa Bowi Subur, Kecamatan Masni, Kabupaten Manokwari

Using synthetic pesticides has polluted the environment, so efforts are needed to find alternative natural pesticides from plants. This study examines plant species with potential as botanical pesticides in Bowi Subur Village, Masni District, Manokwari Regency. The research method used is descriptive, with a sampling technique combining plot line transects, and it was conducted along 13 transects corresponding to the housing areas in Bowi Subur Village. The plants were documented, and relevant literature was reviewed. The inventory results identified 46 plant species from 25 families with pesticidal properties. Of these, 35 species are used for pest control, seven for disease management, and one for weed control. Additionally, three plant species were found to be effective for both pest and disease control. Most parts used for pesticide purposes are leaves, accounting for 19 plant species. We conclude that most species of plants used as natural pesticides are cultivated plants. Therefore, wild plants with potential for botanical pesticides are essential for further study their properties

Water Quality Analysis Based on Diversity and Abundance of Plankton in the Way Besai River, North Lampung: Analisis Kualitas Air Berdasarkan Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Plankton di Sungai Way Besai Lampung Utara

Plankton is one of the aquatic biota that can act as a bioindicator of Water because it is susceptible to changes in the quality of the Water where it lives. The Way Besai River is in Dwikora Village, Bukit Kemuning District, North Lampung Regency. This study aimed to determine the water quality of the Way Besai River based on the diversity and abundance of plankton as a bioindicator of Water and to determine the relationship between the plankton community structure and water quality parameters. This study was conducted in November-December 2024. Sampling was performed using a survey method with 6 (six) spots, which were then identified and calculated using the Sedgewick-Rafter method. Based on the analysis of plankton abundance and diversity, it is known that the Way Besai River is moderately polluted, and there is a significant relationship between the plankton community structure and water quality parameters

Ectoparasites Identification on Spiny Lobster (Panulirus homarus) Cultivated Controlled Tanks and Floating Net Cages (KJA) at the Lampung Marine Aquaculture Center (BBPBL) : Identifikasi Ektoparasit Lobster Pasir (Panulirus homarus) pada Bak Terkendali dan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) di Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Laut (BBPBL) Lampung

Ectoparasites can infect aquatic biota, including spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus), which causes failure of spiny lobster cultivation, such as death, bacterial infection, and decreased cultivation quality. One of the failures of spiny lobster cultivation is often caused by ectoparasite disorders. Environmental conditions influence the growth and distribution of ectoparasites. This study aims to identify the types of ectoparasites and factors that influence the presence of ectoparasites in spiny lobsters and determine the intensity and dominance of spiny lobster ectoparasites. The study was conducted in floating net cages (KJA). It controlled Lampung Marine Aquaculture Center (BBPBL) tanks by purposive random sampling with 18 spiny lobsters, each taken from KJA and controlled tanks. The stages of the study included taking mucus samples on the tail and swimming legs (pleopods), microscopic examination of ectoparasites, calculating the intensity and dominance of ectoparasites, and measuring water quality parameters. The study results obtained three ectoparasites infecting the Spiny lobster, including the Protozoa phylum and the Ciliata class: Vorticella sp., Zoothamnium sp., and Epistylis sp. The intensity of Vorticella sp. ectoparasite attacks was 11.5/lobster. The most dominant ectoparasite was the Vorticella sp. type at 53.90%. The difference in the number of ectoparasites in controlled tanks and floating net cages was due to differences in temperature, size of the cultivation container, and depth, which affected water quality

The Potency of Organic Fertilizer in Reducing Leaf Curl Disease on Chili (Capsicum annuum L.): Potensi Pupuk Organik Dalam Mengurangi Penyakit Keriting Daun Pada Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)

Chili is an essential commodity in Indonesia, with demand continuing to rise; however, its production is often disrupted by leaf curl disease caused by viruses. One potential solution is using organic fertilizer enriched with beneficial microbes such as Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPM). Despite its potential, the role of PGPM in controlling viral diseases in chili plants has been rarely studied. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of organic fertilizer in reducing leaf curl infections by improving plant health. Two chili cultivars were used: 'Gama LBF' (a breeding product of PIAT UGM) and 'Ponirun' (a commercial variety known for its disease resistance). The chili plants were treated with various concentrations of organic fertilizer, and their effectiveness was evaluated based on disease incidence (the number of symptomatic plants) and disease severity (the level of visual symptoms), which were then converted into an index. Results showed that the 75% concentration yielded the lowest disease incidence in both cultivars—26.5% for 'Ponirun' and 42.85% for 'Gama LBF'. The lowest disease severity was also observed at the 75% concentration for 'Ponirun' and 50% for 'Gama LBF'. These findings highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate organic fertilizer concentration to suppress leaf curl disease in chili effectively

Bioconversion of Edamame Soybean Waste Using Black Soldier Fly Larvae on Substrate Consumption and Waste Reduction Index: Biokonversi Limbah Kedelai Edamame Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly Terhadap Konsumsi Substrat dan Indeks Reduksi Limbah

This study aimed to measure substrate consumption and waste reduction index of edamame soybean using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae as a bioconversion agent. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments: unfermented edamame soybean waste (F0), fermented for 7 days (F7), and fermented for 14 days (F14). The observed bioconversions included substrate consumption and waste reduction index (WRI). Data analysis used analysis of variance with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that waste fermentation significantly affected substrate consumption and waste reduction index. The highest average substrate consumption was obtained in treatment F14 (57.96±7.37), followed by F7 (41.61±6.73) and F0 (28.51±4.97). Likewise, with the waste reduction index, the F14 treatment showed the highest reduction (2.37±0.61), followed by F7 (3.46±0.56) and F0 (4.83±0.41). This shows that the longer the fermentation, the higher the substrate consumption and the effectiveness of waste reduction by BSF larvae

Ovicidal Potential of Ethanol Extract of Cherry Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) against Aedes aegypti Mosquito: Potensi ovisida Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

Dengue fever is one of the viral diseases transmitted through arthropods and is still a significant health problem worldwide. Dengue virus is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from one human to another through blood sucking. These mosquitoes usually live and lay eggs in habitats close to stagnant water. The usual efforts to control Ae. aegypti are using natural and synthetic chemicals. Compounds to control Ae. aegypti eggs are called ovicides. One of the natural ingredients that is thought to contain natural chemicals that have the potential to be used as an ovicide is cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.). This study aims to determine the potential of the ethanol extract of cherry leaves (M. calabura L.) as an ovicide against Ae. aegypti. Five treatments and four replications were used. The results of this study indicate that the ethanol extract of cherry leaves (M. calabura L.) can potentially be an insecticide for Ae. aegypti at a concentration of 1% and an exposure time of 72 hours