251 research outputs found
Coating synthesis controlled by electron-beam heating
The methods of combined electron-beam treatment of parts made of steel with one- and two-layer coatings are studied experimentally. Ti-Ni, Ni-Al and Al-Ti systems were used as the examples in the experiments. The mathematical model is suggested for coating formation in the controlled regime of high temperature synthesis during high energy source motion along the preliminarily deposited layer of exothermic composition. The study takes into account the difference in thermophysical properties of the materials of coating and substrate, heat release from chemical reaction that leads to the coating properties formation and other factors. The realization of the synthesis depends on technological parameters. Various regimes of the treatment process are investigated numerically
Effect of organically bound iodine in cattle feed on health indicators
Currently, the problem of iodine deficiency is actual in the world, which may cause a large number of diseases and disorders. The problem of iodine deficiency for humans may be partly solved by enriching agricultural products with iodine, i.e. by providing animals with an increased intake of iodine during their growth. Theoretically, the most effective way to use iodine is the form bound to tyrosine, since diiodotyrosine has been proven to be a thyroxine precursor. Taking it into account, a supplement was developed containing iodine organically bound to tyrosine and histidine. In this work, we studied the effect of this supplement introduced into the diets of cattle on biochemical parameters of animal blood. In the test group, which received the supplement with organically bound iodine, an improvement in nitrogen metabolism was noted compared to the control group. This was most clearly demonstrated by the content of urea, since in the test group, its content decreased by β15 percentage points, and by the content of creatinine, since its increase in the test group was more than 20 percentage points. Differences in the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between treatments were also noted, as in the blood of animals from the test group, the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and malondialdehyde was lower than in the control group. In mineral metabolism and morphological parameters, there was no significant difference between treatments. Among the indicators of pigment and hormone metabolism, it is important to note the reduced content of cortisol in the blood of animals from the test group. Its level was lower by β17.23 percentage points compared to the control group. A decrease in cortisol levels indicated a lower stress load in the test group. In general, studies have shown that the use of a feed supplement containing organically bound iodine has a positive effect on the metabolism of animals.Currently, the problem of iodine deficiency is actual in the world, which may cause a large number of diseases and disorders. The problem of iodine deficiency for humans may be partly solved by enriching agricultural products with iodine, i.e. by providing animals with an increased intake of iodine during their growth. Theoretically, the most effective way to use iodine is the form bound to tyrosine, since diiodotyrosine has been proven to be a thyroxine precursor. Taking it into account, a supplement was developed containing iodine organically bound to tyrosine and histidine. In this work, we studied the effect of this supplement introduced into the diets of cattle on biochemical parameters of animal blood. In the test group, which received the supplement with organically bound iodine, an improvement in nitrogen metabolism was noted compared to the control group. This was most clearly demonstrated by the content of urea, since in the test group, its content decreased by β15 percentage points, and by the content of creatinine, since its increase in the test group was more than 20 percentage points. Differences in the parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism between treatments were also noted, as in the blood of animals from the test group, the content of cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids, glucose and malondialdehyde was lower than in the control group. In mineral metabolism and morphological parameters, there was no significant difference between treatments. Among the indicators of pigment and hormone metabolism, it is important to note the reduced content of cortisol in the blood of animals from the test group. Its level was lower by β17.23 percentage points compared to the control group. A decrease in cortisol levels indicated a lower stress load in the test group. In general, studies have shown that the use of a feed supplement containing organically bound iodine has a positive effect on the metabolism of animals
Scale effects in tribological properties of solid-lubricating composites made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene filled with calcium stearate particles
Friction properties being influenced by scale effects are simulated in the paper by the example of polymer composite material made from Ultra High-Molecular Weight Polyethylenes (UHMWPE) filled by calcium stearate (C[36]H[70]CaO[4]). Of interest are the composites whose mechanical properties and tribotechnical characteristics do not depend monotonically on filler (inclusions) weight fraction. In order to describe the influence of scale effects onto frictional properties the model based on Reiss averaging (model of "weak phase") is employed. It is also suggested that when gradient elasticity theory is applicable the formal analogy between effective friction coefficient for surface heterogeneous structures and effective mechanical properties (compliances) for heterogeneous material can take place. Theoretical dependence to describe nonmonotonic change of effective friction coefficient versus filler concentration was obtained for the polymer composites under study. The suggested expressions might be useful for the sake of properties prognosis of antifriction polymeric materilas
The formation of flavoring characteristics of meat products by changing the chemical composition of food compositions
The article presents the results of the study of changes in flavour characteristics when using corrective additives. Monosodium glutamate, ribotide, yeast extract and hydrolysate of vegetable soy protein were used as flavoring additives (FA). To assess the effect of composition of meat product recipe, as well as the method of FAβintroduction on taste intensity, the recipes of model meat systems with partial replacement of meat raw materials were used. Pork fat, soy protein and potato starch were used as meat substitutes. The effect of recipe composition on the content of non-volatile substances of aroma was accessed. It is shown that replacement of pork by pork fat in the recipe by 20β40% led to a sharp decrease in the concentration of aromatic substances and a decrease in intensity of taste of the finished product several times. The ways for taste correction using FA was studied. For this, a chopped semi-finished product β minced meat was prepared from chilled whole-muscle pork and 0.05% of each FA was added. It is shown that the dynamics of changes in the content of free amino acids is the most pronounced when using monosodium glutamate not as a mono-additive, but in compositions: monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide. A pool of chemical compounds involved in the formation of taste and aroma of products was detected. The main components were derivatives of C6βC24 fatty acids, as well as a significant number of other biochemical compounds, mainly substituted amines, amides, alcohols and ketones, with a content ranging from 0.001 to 0.2 mg/kg. The results of organoleptic analysis showed that the most delicious and attractive samples were those containing monosodium glutamate with yeast extract and monosodium glutamate with ribotide
ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ
Objective: to evaluate the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of the herbal complex Urisan used in patients with gout within the Russian multicenter
study.
Subjects and methods. Thirty males aged 34 to 56 years with a valid diagnosis of gout after S.L. Wallace and a 1-7-year (mean 4,8 years)
history of the disease were examined at the Rheumatology Unit of a Kursk regional hospital. Nineteen and 11 patients were stated to have tophaceous
and nontophaceous gout, respectively. The total number of involved joints ranged from 3 to 10 (mean 4,6 joints). The study included
patients with interictal gout. All the patients took Urisan in a full dose of 2 capsules (550 mg) twice daily for a month.
Results. Prior to Urisan therapy, the mean serum level of uric acid (UA) was 569,5Β±102,4 β§mol/l; daily UA excretion averaged 4769,8 β§mol/l.
Urisan therapy reduced UA levels by an average of 120 β§mol/l and increased daily urinary UA excretion by an average of 198,8 Ρmol/l.
Conclusion. Urisan used against gout for 30 days causes an average 21% reduction in the serum levels of UA and a 4,1% increase in its urinary
excretion. There were no exacerbations of gout during Urisan therapy.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ - ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΡ Π³. ΠΡΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ 30 ΠΌΡΠΆΡΠΈΠ½ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ 34
Π΄ΠΎ 56 Π»Π΅Ρ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ S.L. Wallace ΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΡ 1 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄ΠΎ 7 Π»Π΅Ρ (Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ - 4,8 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°).
Π£ 19 ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠ°, Ρ 11 - Π±Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ½Π°Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π±Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΡ 3 Π΄ΠΎ 10 (ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ - 4,6 ΡΡΡΡΠ°Π²Π°). Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ ΠΏΠΎ 2 ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΡΠ»Ρ (ΠΏΠΎ 550 ΠΌΠ³) 2 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π² Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ) Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 569,5Β±102,4 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π», ΡΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ - Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ 4769,8 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π». ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 120 ΠΌΠΊΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π», Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π°
198,8 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ/Π» Π² ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ.
ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 30 Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π° 21% ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ - Π½Π° 4,1%. ΠΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π£ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π³ΡΡ
The Problem of Law-Abiding Behavior among Minors in Educational Institutions: Domestic and Foreign Experience
At present, the problem of sustaining the law-abiding behavior of minors in educational institutions, identifying and eliminating the causes and conditions that contribute to the development of deviant behavior of students is becoming more and more topical. This paper presents the results of a monitoring study of the current state of the activities carried out by educational institutions to form the law-abiding behavior of minors in the territorial entities of the Russian Federation. It also presents the results of a theoretical study of the foreign experience of educational institutions in the framework of maintaining the law-abiding behavior of minors in the educational environment. The conclusions have been drawn that a system-activity approach should be the basis of an educational impact in educational institutions which will provide: the formation of studentsβ readiness for self-development; the design and construction of a social environment for the development of students based on moral principles, traditional Russian values, relevant scientific knowledge and skills, respect for the traditions of the multinational, multicultural and multiconfessional Russian society; active educational and cognitive activities of students; building educational and moral education activity, taking account of the individual age-related psychological and physiological characteristics of students and with a focus on educational results. The materials of the paper are part of a large-scale study within the framework of the "Conception for the development of a system for the prevention of neglect and juvenile delinquency for the period up to 2020", conducted by a team of scientists from 2017 to 2020, whose scientific interests lie in the study of the problem of deviant behavior of minors
Organ-specific LPS-induced inflammatory gene expression in adult Zebrafish
Systemic inflammation is known to be a key component of infection and non-infection diseases progression and may lead to multiorgan failure, persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, catabolism syndrome or even indolent death. This importance dictates the need for relevant in vivo models of inflammation to investigate the pathogenesis of numerous diseases and to perform drug screening. Danio rerio (zebrafish) became one of the most important models to explore biological processes in vivo. The aim of the study was to generate a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model of systemic inflammation in vivo using zebrafish and to identify organspecific proinflammatory genes activity after intraperitoneal LPS infusion. We performed organ specific analysis of main proinflammatory genes expression in zebrafish after LPS stimulation. Comparing 18s, eef1a1l1, gapdh, and actb as potential housekeeping genes, we came to conclusion that eef1a1l1 with 99% effectiveness is the most promising for further normalization in this model. The genes activity was the most pronounced in the heart where the expression of IL6, CXCL8a, and CXCL18Ξ² was increased up to 100-fold. Moreover, the kidneys were the most involved in the inflammatory process since the highest number of analysed genes were up-regulated there: expression levels of CXCL18Ξ², CXCL8a, IL1Ξ², IL6, Mpeg1.2, and TNFa were significantly increased. This was probably related to the kidney activity as an immune and hematopoietic organ. The lowest reactivity was detected in the muscles. Immune reactions could be dose-dependent, for instance the infusion of 20 Β΅g LPS led to decrease of expression of IFNy, Mpeg 1.2, and Mpeg 1.1 in the liver and to increase of Mpeg 1.2 expression in the kidney comparing with 10 Β΅g dosage. Thus, due to the high degree of the similarity and other unique properties, Danio rerio has the advantage of being relevant model of inflammation. Our model demonstrated that the investigation of isolated zebrafish organs could be useful and informative for the investigation of inflammatory processes
Symmetries and modelling functions for diffusion processes
A constructive approach to theory of diffusion processes is proposed, which
is based on application of both the symmetry analysis and method of modelling
functions. An algorithm for construction of the modelling functions is
suggested. This algorithm is based on the error functions expansion (ERFEX) of
experimental concentration profiles. The high-accuracy analytical description
of the profiles provided by ERFEX approximation allows a convenient extraction
of the concentration dependence of diffusivity from experimental data and
prediction of the diffusion process. Our analysis is exemplified by its
employment to experimental results obtained for surface diffusion of lithium on
the molybdenum (112) surface pre-covered with dysprosium. The ERFEX
approximation can be directly extended to many other diffusion systems.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Over the last century the peopleβs mode of life and eating habits has dramatically changed: the people of developed countries began to consume fast food, and also started disorderly and frequent snacking. The production of dietary meals and the increase of food assortment, including food produced from low-quality ingredients, led to the manufacturerβs necessity to use a large number of functional ingredients, i. e. those that improve taste of the food. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is one of the widely used additives. Monosodium L-Glutamate (E621) is the sodium salt of glutamic acid found in all protein foods; it is used throughout the world as a food flavor enhancer. The legislation of the Russian Federation limits the content of monosodium glutamate, or additive E621, in a food product. Due to the fact that the glutamic acid takes the major weight in the monosodium glutamate molecule, which molecule is naturally present in almost all food products, the weight of the molecule of the E621 additive was determined by content of this amino acid expressed in terms of monosodium glutamate. In connection with the foregoing, it became necessary to develop a method for the quantitative determination of the mass fraction of monosodium glutamate introduced into food during the production of food products. Within the framework of this research a new method for determining the share of added monosodium glutamate is proposed, which is not associated with the natural content of glutamic acid. The authors have developed a method for determining the mass fraction of monosodium glutamate in food products with the help of high performance liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization. This research presents metrological assessment of the developed methodology, determines accuracy rates and reproducibility factors in two concentrations ranges. For a range of 0.1 to 1%, the reproducibility is set at 17% and the accuracy rate is set at 30%. For the range of 1β10%, the reproducibility is 6%, the accuracy rate is 10% respectively. Also, during the development of the method, the lower limits for the quantitative determination (Limit of Detection β LOD) and qualitative determination (Limit of Quantification β LOQ) of the method were calculated. LOQ was equal to 0.01% and LOD accounted for 0.1%. The method has successfully passed the metrological certification and is included in the Register of Measurement Methods of the Russian Federation. It can be used by accredited laboratories for assessment and control of food quality.ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π· ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ: ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π³Π°ΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π±Π΅ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±Π»ΡΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π² Ρ. Ρ. Π²ΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΊΡΡ. ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. L-Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ (Π621) ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²ΠΊΡΡΠ° ΠΏΠΈΡΠΈ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π621, Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡ. ΠΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Ρ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, Π²Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈ Π621 ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡ 0,1 Π΄ΠΎ 1% ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 17%, Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ β Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ 30%. Π Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΆΠ΅ 1β10% Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ 6%, ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ β 10% ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Limit of Detection β LOD) ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Limit of Quantification β LOQ) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. LOQ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» 0,01%, Π° LOD = 0,1%. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ»Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π² Π Π΅Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π Π€. ΠΠ½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΠΊΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ²
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