Estudio del efecto de distintas estrategias de riego en la fracción volátil de uva cabernet sauvignon

[ES] El aporte de agua a la viña influye decisivamente en los atributos sensoriales de los vinos. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio ha sido determinar la influencia de las estrategias de riego en el perfil volátil de uvas de la variedad Cabernet Sauvignon de la zona de Moixent (D.O. Valencia, campañas 2010 y 2011). Se han ensayado cuatro estrategias de riego: secano, estrés fuerte, estrés medio y estrés débil. Los compuestos volátiles, analizados por purga y trampa y GC-MS, han permitido diferenciar las uvas según el año de cultivo y según la estrategia de riego. La mayor pluviometría en 2010 ha influido decisivamente en la escasa diferenciación entre las estrategias de riego aplicadas en este año. Sin embargo, en el año 2011 (con baja pluviometría) se observó una clara diferenciación entre tratamientos de riego, especialmente entre aquellos que implican condiciones extremas. Compuestos como el ethyl acetate, asociado al aroma de fresa, se desarrollan más en las estrategias de secano. Por el contrario, el estrés débil provoca el aumento de algunos compuestos como hexanal y (E) 2-hexenal, más relacionados con ciertos aromas herbáceos[EN] The water supply to the vineyard strongly influences the sensory attributes of wines. In this sense, the aim of this study was to determine the influence of irrigation strategies in the volatile profile of grapes Cabernet Sauvignon in Moixent area (D.O. Valencia, campaigns 2010 and 2011). Four irrigation strategies were tested: rainfed, strong stress, medium stress and weak stress. Volatile compounds, analyzed by purge and trap and GC-MS, allowed to differentiate the grapes by crop year and irrigation strategy. The higher rainfall in 2010 has decisively influenced the low differentiation between irrigation strategies applied in this year. However, in 2011 (low rainfall) there was a clear differentiation between irrigation treatments, especially those that involve extreme conditions. Compounds such as ethyl acetate, associated with strawberry flavor, are to be found in larger quantities in rainfed strategies. On the contrary, weak stress leads to an increase of some compounds as hexanal and (E) 2-hexenal, more related to some herbaceous aromas.[CA] L'aportació d'aigua a la vinya influeix decisivament en els atributs sensorials dels vins. En aquest sentit, l'objectiu d'aquest estudi ha sigut determinar la influència de les estratègies de reg en el perfil volàtil de raïms de la varietat Cabernet Sauvignon de la zona de Moixent (DO València, campanyes 2010 i 2011). S'han assajat quatre estratègies de reg: secà, estrès fort, estrès mitjà i estrès dèbil. Els compostos volàtils, analitzats per purga i trampa i GC-MS, han permès diferenciar el raïm segons l'any de cultiu i segons l¿estratègia de reg. La major pluviometria en 2010 ha influït decisivament en l'escassa diferenciació entre les estratègies de reg aplicades en aquest any. No obstant això, l'any 2011 (amb baixa pluviometria) es va observar una clara diferenciació entre tractaments de reg, especialment entre aquells que impliquen condicions extremes. La presència de compostos com el ethyl acetate, associat a l'aroma de maduixa, es desenvolupa més en les estratègies de secà. Per contra, l'estrès dèbil provoca l'augment d'alguns compostos com hexanal i (E) 2-hexenal, més relacionats amb certs aromes herbacis.López Linares, P. (2013). Estudio del efecto de distintas estrategias de riego en la fracción volátil de uva cabernet sauvignon. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27941.Archivo delegad

Past and present potential distribution of the Iberian Abies species: A phytogeographic approach using pollen data and species distribution models

This is the accepted version of the following article: Alba-Sánchez, F., López-Sáez, J. A., Pando, B. B.-d., Linares, J. C., Nieto-Lugilde, D. and López-Merino, L. (2010), Past and present potential distribution of the Iberian Abies species: a phytogeographic approach using fossil pollen data and species distribution models. Diversity and Distributions, 16: 214–228, which has been published in final form at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00636.x/abstract.Aim - Quaternary palaeopalynological records collected throughout the Iberian Peninsula and species distribution models (SDMs) were integrated to gain a better understanding of the historical biogeography of the Iberian Abies species (i.e. Abies pinsapo and Abies alba). We hypothesize that SDMs and Abies palaeorecords are closely correlated, assuming a certain stasis in climatic and topographic ecological niche dimensions. In addition, the modelling results were used to assign the fossil records to A. alba or A. pinsapo, to identify environmental variables affecting their distribution, and to evaluate the ecological segregation between the two taxa. Location - The Iberian Peninsula. Methods - For the estimation of past Abies distributions, a hindcasting process was used. Abies pinsapo and A. alba were modelled individually, first calibrating the model for their current distributions in relation to the present climate, and then projecting it into the past—the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Middle Holocene periods—in relation to palaeoclimate simulations. The resulting models were compared with Iberian-wide fossil pollen records to detect areas of overlap. Results - The overlap observed between past Abies refugia—inferred from fossil pollen records—and the SDMs helped to construct the Quaternary distribution of the Iberian Abies species. SDMs yielded two well-differentiated potential distributions: A. pinsapo throughout the Baetic mountain Range and A. alba along the Pyrenees and Cantabrian Range. These results propose that the two taxa remained isolated throughout the Quaternary, indicating a significant geographical and ecological segregation. In addition, no significant differences were detected comparing the three projections (present-day, Mid-Holocene and LGM), suggesting a relative climate stasis in the refuge areas during the Quaternary. Main conclusions - Our results confirm that SDM projections can provide a useful complement to palaeoecological studies, offering a less subjective and spatially explicit hypothesis concerning past geographic patterns of Iberian Abies species. The integration of ecological-niche characteristics from known occurrences of Abies species in conjunction with palaeoecological studies could constitute a suitable tool to define appropriate areas in which to focus proactive conservation strategies.The Andalusian Innovation, Science, and Industry Regional Ministry and the National Plan of the Spanish Government

Las maravillas ocultas en la tabla periódica

Este trabajo constituye un enfoque holista de la Tabla Periódica (TP). Basados en el origen de los nombres de los elementos como punto de partida, es posible recorrer distintos campos del conocimiento, no sólo química, sino historia, geografía, mitología, biografías de personajes famosos, etc. Así, a medida que se aprende sobre los elementos químicos, su comportamiento y sus propiedades, se tiene la oportunidad de aprender y repasar sobre otras disciplinas. Es como si la (TP), a través de cada casilla, abriera una puerta hacia el maravilloso mundo del saber. La aplicación de esta propuesta en un curso electivo en la Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia) usando la TP como eje central ha permitido identificar nuevos caminos para enseñar química y caracterizar los aspectos que aumentan las competencias transversales de los alumnos de diversas carreras en la Universidad

Net neutrality repeal : another rock on the road of a suffering music genre

In December 2017, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) voted to reverse Net Neutrality laws, which prohibited Internet service providers from blocking content, throttling speeds or charging more for faster Internet. Repealing that regulation will have multiple effects in all industries that use the Internet, music included. Experts believe that without Net Neutrality, independent artists will struggle to distribute their music and promote their careers. In Texas, Tejano music is a genre that is especially vulnerable to the Net Neutrality repeal since it lacks sufficient radio support, publicists, media coverage and other basic elements needed to succeed in the music industry. The Internet has been the main means by which the genre has managed to survive for the last decade. But, the Tejano music community maintains a ray of optimism that it will overcome this obstacle, just as it has done with a whole series of adversities that have kept this Texas roots music in danger of extinction.Journalis

quickpsy: An R Package to Fit Psychometric Functions for Multiple Groups

quickpsy is a package to parametrically fit psychometric functions. In comparison with previous R packages, quickpsy was built to easily fit and plot data for multiple groups. Here, we describe the standard parametric model used to fit psychometric functions and the standard estimation of its parameters using maximum likelihood. We also provide examples of usage of quickpsy, including how allowing the lapse rate to vary can sometimes eliminate the bias in parameter estimation, but not in general. Finally, we describe some implementation details, such as how to avoid the problems associated to round-off errors in the maximisation of the likelihood or the use of closures and non-standard evaluation function

GAMES: A new Scenario for Software and Knowledge Reuse

Games are a well-known test bed for testing search algorithms and learning methods, and many authors have presented numerous reasons for the research in this area. Nevertheless, they have not received the attention they deserve as software projects. In this paper, we analyze the applicability of software and knowledge reuse in the games domain. In spite of the need to find a good evaluation function, search algorithms and interface design can be said to be the primary concerns. In addition, we will discuss the current state of the main statistical learning methods and how they can be addressed from a software engineering point of view. So, this paper proposes a reliable environment and adequate tools, necessary in order to achieve high levels of reuse in the games domain

Critical behavior of self-assembled rigid rods on triangular and honeycomb lattices

Using Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis, the critical behavior of self-assembled rigid rods on triangular and honeycomb lattices at intermediate density has been studied. The system is composed of monomers with two attractive (sticky) poles that, by decreasing temperature or increasing density, polymerize reversibly into chains with three allowed directions and, at the same time, undergo a continuous isotropic-nematic (IN) transition. The determination of the critical exponents, along with the behavior of Binder cumulants, indicate that the IN transition belongs to the q=1 Potts universality class.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure

Perceptual asynchrony between color and motion with a single direction change

When a stimulus repeatedly and rapidly changes color (e.g., between red and green) and motion direction (e.g., upwards and downwards) with the same frequency, it was found that observers were most likely to pair colors and motion directions when the direction changes lead the color changes by approximately 80 ms. This is the color-motion asynchrony illusion. According to the differential processing time model, the illusion is explained because the neural activity leading to the perceptual experience of motion requires more time than that of color. Alternatively, the time marker model attributes the misbinding to a failure in matching different sorts of changes at rapid alternations. Here, running counter to the time marker model, we demonstrate that the illusion can arise with a single direction change. Using this simplified version of the illusion we also show that, although some form of visual masking takes place between colors, the measured asynchrony genuinely reflects processing time differences