Lifetime suicidal-related behaviour among patients in treatment forsubstance use disorder: a cross-sectional study

Suicidal-related behaviours are an important concern in individuals who present with substance use disorders (SUDs). The distinction among the specific characteristics of the different patients might help to improve prevention strategies. We describe and compare the sociodemographic characteristics, severity of addiction, and psychopathology of the participants depending on the severity of their lifetime suicidal behaviour. In addition, we examine whether the number of suicide attempts can be estimated based on the variables that differentiate the groups. A sample of 318 men and 86 women who sought treatment for addiction were assessed. The sample was divided into: no ideation or attempts, suicidal ideation, one suicide attempt, and two or more suicide attempts. The group with two or more suicide attempts exhibited a greater severity in the addiction profile. The group with one suicide attempt presented a higher psychopathological symptomatology at the time of the assessment. The severity of the Psychiatric area was related to the group with two or more attempts and to the number of suicide attempts. The presence of any number of attempts is associated with greater severity of addiction. Providing specific intervention strategies for SUD patients depending on their suicidal behaviours is promising for clinical application.The first author was supported by a grant from the European UnionNext Generation EU by Ministerio de Universidades (Gobierno de España) and Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU). The second author was supported by a grant (589/2021) from Universidad Pública de Navarra and Fundación Bancaria Caja Navarra. Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarr

Regional frequency analysis of annual maximum daily rainfall in Navarra. Quantiles mapping

[EN] The determination of the law of frequency of precipitations is essential for the design of different hydraulic infrastructures as well as for the analysis and determination of flood areas. The objective of this paper is to present the quantiles of the extreme daily rainfall in Navarre, obtained through a regional frequency analysis, and its spatial representation. 142 manual rainfall stations, located in the Autonomous Community of Navarra and in the surrounding area, have been considered for the study. The duration of registration of the series is greater than 20 years. The Regional Frequency Analysis has been carried out according to the Hosking and Wallis methodology obtaining six homogeneous regions and their most appropriate distribution functions. The mapping has been made applying two interpolation methods: the inverse distance weighted; and the ordinary geostatistical Kriging. The selected method has been the Kriging.[ES] La determinación de la ley de frecuencias de precipitaciones resulta imprescindible para el diseño de diferentes infraestructuras hidráulicas así como para el análisis y determinación de zonas inundables. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los cuantiles de las precipitaciones diarias extremas en el territorio de la Comunidad Foral de Navarra, obtenidos mediante un análisis regional de frecuencia (ARF), y su representación espacial. Se ha partido de las 142 estaciones pluviométricas manuales, localizadas en la Comunidad Foral de Navarra y en el entorno de la misma, con duración de registro superior a 20 años. El Análisis Regional de Frecuencias (ARF) se ha realizado según la metodología de Hosking y Wallis, obteniendo seis regiones homogéneas y sus funciones de distribución más adecuadas. Para la elaboración de los mapas se han aplicado dos métodos de interpolación: el de la distancia inversa ponderada; y el geoestadístico Kriging ordinario. Después del análisis comparativo se ha elegido el Kriging.Este trabajo de investigación se ha financiado y se ha desarrollado gracias al contrato de investigación “OTRI2015021115”, firmado entre la Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA) y la empresa pública Navarra de Infraestructuras Locales S.A. (NILSA), titulado “Sistemas de drenaje urbano sostenible. Bioretención. Caracterización de parámetros locales”. Especial agradecimiento a los técnicos de NILSA responsables de la supervisión del trabajo, Ana Marta Las Heras y Gregorio Berrozpe, por su interés, rigor y seguimiento. Expresar nuestro agradecimiento también al Servicio de Meteorología y Climatología de Navarra perteneciente al Gobierno de Navarra por haber facilitado las series de datos de precipitación, especialmente a su responsable D. Joaquín del Valle de Lersundi, que en todo momento ha manifestado su apoyo incondicional, y a Miren Otazu, técnica de Tragsatec.López, J.; Goñi, M.; San Martín, I.; Erro, J. (2019). Análisis regional de frecuencias de las precipitaciones diarias extremas en Navarra. Elaboración de los mapas de cuantiles. Ingeniería del Agua. 23(1):33-51. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.2019.10058SWORD3351231Abdi, A., Hassanzadeh, Y., Ouarda, T.B.M.J. 2017. Regional frequency analysis using Growing Neural Gas network. Journal of Hydrology, 550, 92-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.04.047Adamowski, K., Alila, Y., Pilon, P.J. 1996. Regional rainfall distribution for Canada. Atmospheric Research, 42, 75-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(95)00054-2Akkala, A., Devabhaktuni, V., Kumar, A. 2010. Interpolation techniques and associated software for environmental data. Environmental Progress and Sustainable Energy, 29(2), 134-141. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10455Almasi A., Ahmad J., Toomanian N., 2014. Using OK and IDW methods for prediction the spatial variability of a horizon depth and OM in soils of Shahrekord, Iran. Journal of Environmental Research and Management, 5(8):139-147.Álvarez, A.J., Orduña, L.M. 2014. Caracterización del comportamiento estadístico de los caudales máximos estacionales en la España peninsular: Propuesta metodológica para su cálculo. Ingeniería Civil, 174, 51-69.Álvarez, M., Puertas, J., Soto, B., Díaz-Fierros, F. 1999. Análisis regional de las precipitaciones máximas en Galicia mediante el método del índice de avenida. Ingeniería Del Agua, 6(4), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.4995/ia.1999.2795Ayoade, J.O. 1976. A preliminary study of magnitude of frequency and distribution of intense rainfall in Nigeria. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 21(3), 419-421. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667609491650Bilham, E.G. 1936. Classification of heavy falls in short periods. British Rainfall, 1935, 262-280.Blanchet, J., Ceresetti, D., Molinié, G., Creutin, J.D. 2016. A regional GEV scale-invariant framework for Intensity-Duration-Frequency analysis. Journal of Hydrology, 540, 82-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.06.007Cannarozzo, M., D'asaro, F., Ferro, V. 1995. Regional rainfall and flood frequency analysis for Sicily using the two component extreme value distribution. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 40(1), 19-41. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669509491388Caporali, E., Cavigli, E., Petrucci, A. 2006. The index rainfall in the regional frequency analysis of extreme events in Tuscany (Italy). Environmetrics, 19, 714-724. https://doi.org/10.1002/env.949Dalrymple, T. 1960. Flood frequency analyses. U.S. Geol. Surv. Water Supply Pap., no. 1543A, p. 80.Delhomme, J.P. 1978. Kriging in the hydrosciences. Advances in Water Resources, 1(5), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(78)90039-8García-Marín A.P. 2007. Análisis multifractal de series de datos pluviométricos en Andalucía. Universidad de Córdoba, Servicio de Publicaciones.García-Marín, A.P., Estévez, J., Sangüesa-Pool, C., Pizarro-Tapia, R., Ayuso-Muñoz, J.L., Jimenez-Hornero, F.J. 2015. The use of the exponent K(q) function to delimit homogeneous regions in regional frequency analysis of extreme annual daily rainfall. Hydrological Processes, 29, 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10284G.N. (Gobierno de Navarra). 2001. Estudio Agroclimático de Navarra. Gobierno de Navarra. http://meteo.navarra.es/Gong ,G., Mattevada, S., O'Bryant, S. 2014. Comparison of the accuracy of kriging and IDW interpolations in estimating groundwater arsenic concentrations in Texas. Environmental Research, 130, 59-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.005Gotway, C., Ferguson, R., Hergert, G., Peterson, T. 1996. Comparison of kriging and inverse-distance methods for mapping soil parameters. Soil Science Society of American Journal, 60, 1237-1247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.12.005Guodong, J., Yancong, L., Wenjie, N. 2003. Comparison between inverse distance weighting method and Kriging. Journal of Changchun University of Technology, 24(3), 53-57.Hailegeorgis, T.T., Alfredsen, K. 2017. Regional flood frequency analysis and prediction in ungauged basins including estimation of major uncertainties for mid-Norway. Journal of Hydrology, Regional Studies: 9, 104-126.Halbert, K., Nguyen, C.C., Payrastre, O., Gaume, E. 2016. Reducing uncertainty in flood frequency analyses: A comparison of local and regional approaches involving information on extreme historical flood. Journal of Hydrology, 541, 90-98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.01.017Hengl, T. 2009. A Practical guide to Geostatistical Mapping. http://spatial-analyst.net/book/system/files/Hengl_2009_GEOSTATe2c1w.pdfHosking, J., Wallis J. 1997. Regional frequency analysis: An approach based on L-moments. Cambridge University Press.Hosking, J. 2015a. Regional Frequency Analysis using L-Moments, Lmom R Package, Version 2.5.Hosking, J. 2015b. Regional Frequency Analysis using L-Moments, LmomRFA R Package, Version 3.0-1.Kjeldsen, T.R., Smithers, J., Schulze, R. 2002. Regional flood frequency analysis in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa, using the index-flood method. Journal of Hydrology, 255(1), 194-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(01)00520-0Kumari, M., Basistha, A., Bakimchandra, O., Singh, C.K. 2016. Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods for Mapping Rainfall in Indian Himalayas of Uttarakhand Region. In: Raju JN (ed) Geostatistical and Geospatial Approaches for the Characterization of Natural Resources in the Environment. pp. 159-168. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18663-4_27Kysely, J., Picek, J. 2007. Regional growth curve and improved design values of extreme precipitation events in the Czech Republic. Climate Research, 33(3), 243- 255. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr033243Kysely, J., Picek, J., Huth, R. 2007. Formation of homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis of extreme precipitation events in the Czech Republic, Studia Geophysica et Geodeatica, 51(2), 327-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11200-007-0018-3Lee, S.H., Maeng, S.J. 2003. Frequency analysis of extreme rainfall using Lmoments. Irrigation and Drainage, 52(3), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1002/ird.90Lin G.-F., Chen Lu-H. 2006. Identification of homogeneous regions for regional frequency analysis using the self-organizing maps. Journal of Hydrology, 324(1-4), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2005.09.009Li, J., Heap, A. 2011. Review of comparative studies of spatial interpolation methods in environmental sciences: performance and impact factors. Ecological Informatics, 6(3-4), 228-241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2010.12.003Liu, G., Yang, X. 2008. Spatial variability analysis of soil properties within a field. International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture. Wuyishan, China (08-18-2007). 1341-1344 pp. Springer. US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-77253-0_75Liu, J., Doan, C.D., Liong, S.-Y., Sanders, R., Dao, A.T., Fewtrell, T. 2015. Regional frequency analysis of extreme rainfall events in Jakarta. Natural Hazards, 75(2), 1075-1104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-014-1363-5Liu, W., Du, P., Zhao, Z., Zhang, L. 2016. An Adaptive Weighting Algorithm for Interpolating the Soil Potassium Content. Scientific Reports, 6, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep23889Malekinezhad, H., Zare-Garizi, A. 2014. Regional frequency analysis of daily rainfall extremes using L-moments approach. Atmósfera, 27(4), 411-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0187-6236(14)70039-6Montes, J., Álvarez, M., Pertierra, L., Moralo, J., Baztán, J. 2018. Regional Frequency Analysis of extremes flows in Northern of Spain. Ingeniería del agua, 22(2), 93-107. https://doi.org/10.4995/Ia.2018.8782Ngongondo, C.S., Xu, C.-Yu, Tallaksen, L.M., Alemaw, B., Chirwa, T. 2011. Regional frequency analysis of rainfall extremes in Southern malwai using index rainfall and L-moments approaches. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assesment, 25(7), 939-955. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00477-011-0480-xNorbiato, D., Borga, M., Sangat,i M., Zanon, F. 2007. Regional frequency analysis of extreme precipitation in the eastern Italian Alps and the August 29, 2003 flash flood. Journal of Hydrology, 345(3), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.07.009Oliver, M.A., Webster, R. 1990. Kriging: a method of interpolation for geographical information systems. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 4(3), 313-332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02693799008941549Parida, B.P., Kachroo, R.K., Shrestha, D.B. 1998. Regional Flood Frequency Analysis of Mahi-Sabarmati Basin (subzone 3-a) using Index-Flood Procedure with L-moments. Water Resources Management, 12(1-2), 1-12.Park, J.S., Jung, H.S., Kim, R.S., Oh, J.H. 2001. Modelling summer extreme rainfall over the Korean peninsula using Wakeby distribution. International. Journal of Climatology, 21(11), 1371-1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.701Pearson, C., McKerchar, A., Woods, R. 1991. Regional flood frequency analysis of western Australian data using L-moments. National Conference Publication-Institute of Engineers. Australia. 631-632.Schaefer, M.G. 1990. Regional analyses of mean annual precipitation in Washington State. Water Resources Research, 26(1), 119-131. https://doi.org/10.1029/89WR01513Shahzadi, A., Akhter, A.S., Saf, B. 2013. Regional Frequency Analysis of Annual Maximum Rainfall in Monsoon Region of Pakistan using L-moments. Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research, 9(1), 111-136. https://doi.org/10.18187/pjsor.v9i1.461Smithers, J.C., Schulze, R.E. 2001. A methodology for the estimation of short duration design storms in South Africa using a regional approach based on L-moments. Journal of Hydrology, 24(1-2), 42-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00374-7Sveinsson, O.G.B., Salas, J.D., Boes, D.C. 2002. Regional frequency analysis of extreme precipitation in northeastern Colorado and Fort Collins flood of 1997. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 7(1), 49-63. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2002)7:1(49)Trefry, C.M., Watkins, Jr., Johnson, D. 2005. Regional rainfall frequency analysis for the State of Michigan. Journal of Hydrological Engineering, 10(6), 437-449. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:6(437)Vogel, R.M., Thomas, Jr. W.O., McMahon, T.A. 1993. Flood-flow frequency model selection in southwestern United States. 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Plos One, 8(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054660Yasrebi, J., Saffari, M., Fathi, H., Karimian, N., Moazallahi, M., Gazni, R. 2009. Evaluation and comparison of ordinary kriging and inverse distance weighting methods for prediction of spatial variability of some soil chemical parameters. Research Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1), 93-102

Clima escolar y percepciones del profesorado tras la implementación de un programa de convivencia escolar

En este estudio se evalúa la percepción del clima escolar de dos grupos de profesores de dos centros educativos. El primer grupo (grupo experimental) ha implantado un programa de convivencia escolar, el otro (grupo de control) no. En esta investigación participaron 48 profesores que cumplimentaron la Escala de Percepción del Clima y del Funcionamiento del Centro (24 del centro experimental y 24 del centro que sirvió como grupo de control). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor del centro experimental en diferentes ítems de la escala, así como en dos de los seis factores evaluados. En líneas generales, los docentes perciben un mejor clima y un mejor funcionamiento en el centro experimental.The aim of this work was to assess the perceptions about school climate in two groups of teachers from two different primary schools. The first group (experimental group) has implemented a program of school coexistence, the other (control group) did not. This research involved 48 teachers who completed the Perception Scale Climate (24 from experimental center and 24 from control group). Statistically significant differences were found in favor of experimental center. Differences between the experimental center and control group were found in different scale items, as well as in two of the six evaluated factors. In general, teachers from the experimental group perceived better school climate than teachers from control group

Estudios de marcado y recaptura de especies marinas

Los resultados obtenidos del marcado y posterior recaptura de los ejemplares son una herramienta muy valiosa para contribuir a mejorar el conocimiento de la biología y ecología de una especie, examinando ciertos aspectos como son: el crecimiento, los movimientos o migraciones, la mortalidad o supervivencia, la abundancia y distribución de la especie, el hábitat y diferenciación de poblaciones o stocks. Actualmente la técnica de marcado se aplica a muchas especies, tanto terrestres como marinas, pertenecientes a diversos grupos zoológicos: peces, crustáceos, reptiles, moluscos y mamíferos. Este libro repasa algunos ejemplos de marcado de especies marinas de interés comercial. No todas las especies pueden ser marcadas, porque es necesario cumplir una serie de requisitos para poder llevar a cabo con éxito un experimento de marcado. En uno de los apartados de esta guía, se describen los distintos aspectos a tener en cuenta para obtener buenos resultados. Se describen los principales proyectos de marcado actualmente en ejecución o en marcha llevados a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO). En primer lugar, se describe brevemente la especie, su distribución, crecimiento, reproducción, alimentación, etc. A continuación, se presenta la información del marcado, es decir, campañas realizadas, número de ejemplares marcados y algunos de los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha a partir de las recapturas disponibles. En algunas especies, los programas de marcado se llevan realizando desde hace más de 20 años, como es el caso del atún rojo, por lo que la información disponible es bastante amplia. En otros casos por el contrario como la merluza, los proyectos son relativamente recientes, no obstante los resultados son bastante interesantes y prometedores.Nowadays many different marine animals are being tagged. This book summarizes recent tagging programs carried out by the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). Although the objectives of these various studies mainly depend on the species and each project in particular, the general aim is to better understand the biology and ecology of these animals the structure and dynamics of their populations and their capacity to respond to human activities. This book provides an overview of different aspects of this technique such as a brief history of tagging, the types of tags currently used, including both conventional and electronic tags, where and how to put them on the marine animals, some recommendations regarding how to perform a tagging survey and where to go or what to do if anyone recovers a tagged fish or marine animal. The book then summarizes the main species tagged by the IEO, making a short description of their biology followed by some of the results obtained from tagging studies undertaken until now. Other applications are to know the spatial distribution (spawning or feeding areas), estimate growth parameters, mortality and survival rates, longevity, the size of the population or identifying stocks. Nowadays the advances in electronics have also open new fields such us the possibility of tracking an animal and knowing its habitat preferences and behaviour. Besides some of these tags have the capacity of recording this information during long periods and sending the data from long distances even without the need to recover the animal. Tagging activities constitute a very useful tool to improve the knowledge of many species and contribute to their management and conservation. For that reason this methodology is included in many IEO projects in which other activities like the monitoring of the fishery (landings, fishing effort, fleet characteristics, fishing areas, biological sampling, etc.) are carried out. Some projects are related with coastal pelagic fisheries including anchovy, sardine and mackerel or oceanic pelagic fisheries like tuna and billfish species and pelagic sharks. Others are focused on benthic and demersal species such as hake, black spot seabream, anglerfish, flatfish, etc. Nevertheless not all species can be tagged, as they have to survive being caught and handled before being release. For this reason, tagging techniques may not easily be applied to some species.Versión del edito

Dietary α‐Linolenic Acid, Marine ω‐3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), a plant‐derived ω‐3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω‐3 fatty acids (long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable‐adjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9‐y follow‐up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56–0.92) for all‐cause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58–1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67–1.05) for all‐cause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39–0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29–0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22–1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all‐cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45–0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all‐cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish‐derived long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639

Clima escolar y percepciones del profesorado tras la implementación de un programa de convivencia escolar

En este estudio se evalúa la percepción del clima escolar de dos grupos de profesores de dos centros educativos. El primer grupo (grupo experimental) ha implantado un programa de convivencia escolar, el otro (grupo de control) no. En esta investigación participaron 48 profesores que cumplimentaron la Escala de Percepción del Clima y del Funcionamiento del Centro (24 del centro experimental y 24 del centro que sirvió como grupo de control). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas a favor del centro experimental en diferentes ítems de la escala, así como en dos de los seis factores evaluados. En líneas generales, los docentes perciben un mejor clima y un mejor funcionamiento en el centro experimental.The aim of this work was to assess the perceptions about school climate in two groups of teachers from two different primary schools. The first group (experimental group) has implemented a program of school coexistence, the other (control group) did not. This research involved 48 teachers who completed the Perception Scale Climate (24 from experimental center and 24 from control group). Statistically significant differences were found in favor of experimental center. Differences between the experimental center and control group were found in different scale items, as well as in two of the six evaluated factors. In general, teachers from the experimental group perceived better school climate than teachers from control group

Runoff, erosion, and water quality of agricultural watersheds in central Navarre (Spain)

Two experimental watersheds, La Tejería (1.69 km2) and Latxaga (2.07 km2), appointed by the Government of Navarre (Spain) for assessing the effect of agricultural activities on the environment, were monitored during 10 years (1996-2005). Both watersheds are roughly similar with regard to soils, climate (humid sub Mediterranean) and land use (almost completely cultivated with winter grain crops). The first results for both sites on runoff, exported sediment, nitrate and phosphate are presented. Most runoff, sediment, nitrate and phosphate yields were generated during winter, when variability was also the highest of the whole year. La Tejería had much higher sediment concentrations and sediment yield than Latxaga. Nitrate concentrations were also significantly higher at La Tejería, with values constantly over the critical threshold (>50 mg NO3 l-1). However, phosphate concentrations were similar in both watersheds and corresponded to water with a significant risk of eutrophication. Differences in watershed behaviour could be mainly due to differences in morphology, topography, and amount of stream channel vegetation between both sites. This is an unprecedented research for the region and the generated dataset is of paramount importance for research issues such as hydrology, erosion and water quality. The results highlight the complexity of Mediterranean agricultural landscapes and the need for further analyses to better ascertain the processes behind them.Runoff generation Soil erosion Sediment yield Water quality Mediterranean region Nitrate Phosphate Land use

The spread of agriculture in northern Iberia: new archaeobotanical data from El Mirón cave (Cantabria) and the open-air site of Los Cascajos (Navarra)

This paper presents archaeobotanical results from the Neolithic levels (5,300–4,000 b.c.) of two recently excavated sites in northern Iberia: El Mirón cave (Cantabria) and the open-air site of Los Cascajos (Navarra). A cereal grain from El Mirón is currently the earliest domesticated plant remain from this region. Despite the large number of samples examined, plant remains are few. They include basically cereals (Triticum monococcum, T. dicoccum, T. aestivum/durum/turgidum and Hordeum vulgare) and some nuts and fruits (Corylus avellana, Quercus sp., Vitis sp., etc.). The presence of free-threshing wheats at El Mirón opens up an interesting subject for debate, as until now naked wheats have been absent from the early Neolithic archaeobotanical record of the coastal Cantabrian region. Hulled wheat chaff is the main plant component from Los Cascajos, south of the Cantabrian Cordillera in Navarra, indicating waste from processing activities. The association of barley almost exclusively with both a burial and a ritual vase in Los Cascajos could be related specific rituals or ceremonies.Excavations at El Mirón Cave, directed by Straus and González Morales since 1996, have been funded by the Fundación M. Botín, the U.S. National Science Foundation, the National Geographic Society, the L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the Gobierno de Cantabria and the University of New Mexico. Excavations at Los Cascajos, directed by J. García Gazólaz and J. Sesma Sesma, have been funded by the Gobierno de Navarra. L. Peña-Chocarro has worked with a post-doctoral contract within the I3P Program, funded by the European Social Fund. L. Zapata’s study was done under a postdoctoral research grant from the Basque Government (Ref. BFI01.12) as part of the Research Group of the University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU 9/UPV00155.130-14570/2002.Peer reviewe

Dietary α-linolenic acid, marine ω-3 fatty acids, and mortality in a population with high fish consumption: Findings from the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) Study

12 Páginas.-- 6 Tablas.-- 1 FiguraBackground-Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived ω-3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine ω-3 fatty acids (long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥500 mg/day). Methods and Results-We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariable-adjusted Cox regressionmodels were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated towalnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9-y follow-up, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios formeeting ALArecommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56-0.92) for all-causemortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58-1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios formeeting the recommendation for long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67-1.05) for all-causemortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39-0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29-0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22-1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in all-cause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45-0.87]). Conclusions-In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to all-cause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fish-derived long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.This study was funded in part by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Spanish Ministry of Economy) through grants RTIC G03/140, RTIC RD 06/0045, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares CNIC 06/2007, ISCIII FIS PS09/01292, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) AGL2010‐22319‐C03‐02 and AGL2009‐13906‐C02‐02, and an unrestricted grant from the California Walnut Commission. Sala‐Vila holds a Miguel Servet I fellowship from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the ISCIII