Aproximación al "esquema L" de Lacan y sus implicaciones en la clínica (parte I)

En la segunda parte del trabajo intentamos presentar el funcionamiento global del “esquema L” y demostrar su utilidad práctica en el tratamiento analítico. En este sentido, en las relaciones sociales es el “yo” el que tiene todo el protagonismo, mientras el “sujeto” queda excluido de las mismas; de ahí que estos contactos cotidianos se muestren como la incomunicación más radical, aunque parezca lo contrario. El tratamiento que realizamos, por contra, debe escapar a esos parámetros, pues durante el mismo se procura que el “imaginario” facilite progresivamente la manifestación del “sujeto del inconsciente” en toda su dimensión, traspasando las constantes y molestas interferencias yoicas. Este procedimiento, si se realiza adecuadamente como Lacan nos enseña, permite que la “palabra plena” fluya entre paciente y analista, de modo tal que el contacto que se produzca sea de “sujeto” a “sujeto”, mientras que en las relaciones sociales las conexiones se formulan en términos de “ego” y “alter ego”. Para lograrlo, quién se coloque al lado del paciente debe saber que ha de ocupar el lugar de la alteridad radical, del “Otro”, y no del “otro” especula

Psychological Problems Derived from Mastectomy: A Qualitative Study

Advances in treatment of breast cancer have not avoided using mastectomy in all cases, and when this happens, we are dealing with a woman who is suffering from psychological problems. In order to study this issue we have carried out a research with the collaboration of The Andalusian Association of Women with Mastectomies (AMAMA) in Seville, which provided us with a sample of 46 mastectomized women. The objective of this study is to analyze in depth the psychological reaction of women to mastectomy through its different stages from diagnosis to surgical treatment. We chose a cualitative method so as to explore the subjective components of psicologycal respons. As a result, we found in studied women: (a) The “fracture” of the “corporal imaginary” related to the disappearance of a valuable organ, linked to the feeling of loss of personal attractiveness, low self-esteem and avoidance of social relationships. (b) The problem with “femininity” has been linked to the issue of “desirability”, something innate in the “feminine position”. (c) Many of them keep in mind the idea of mutilation, as a “hole” which is impossible to integrate. (d) Finally, we demonstrate how certain features of personality made them especially vulnerable to the explained phenomena

Upgrading of oxygenated compounds present in aqueous biomass-derived feedstocks over NbOx-based catalysts

[EN] The influence of synthesis and post-synthesis procedures of different niobium oxides on their catalytic performance in the aqueous phase condensation of oxygenated compounds is studied. Hydrothermally synthesized niobium oxide with a pseudo-crystalline structure shows enhanced acid properties, surface area and consequently better catalytic activity than Nb2O5 prepared by other synthesis methods. The optimized NbOx-based catalyst also demonstrates higher stability after several reuses compared to the Ce-Zr mixed oxide reference catalyst.Financial support by the Spanish Government (CTQ-2015-67592, CTQ-2015-68951-C3-1, and SEV-2012-0267) is gratefully acknowledged. A. F.-A. and D. D. thank the "La Caixa-Severo Ochoa" Foundation and the Severo Ochoa Excellence Program (SVP-2014-068669), respectively, for their fellowships. Authors also thank the Electron Microscopy Service of Universitat Politecnica de Valencia for their supportFernandez-Arroyo, A.; Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Domine, ME.; López Nieto, JM. (2017). Upgrading of oxygenated compounds present in aqueous biomass-derived feedstocks over NbOx-based catalysts. Catalysis Science & Technology. 7(23):5495-5499. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cy00916jS54955499723Huber, G. W., Iborra, S., & Corma, A. (2006). Synthesis of Transportation Fuels from Biomass:  Chemistry, Catalysts, and Engineering. Chemical Reviews, 106(9), 4044-4098. doi:10.1021/cr068360dTuck, C. O., Perez, E., Horvath, I. T., Sheldon, R. A., & Poliakoff, M. (2012). Valorization of Biomass: Deriving More Value from Waste. Science, 337(6095), 695-699. doi:10.1126/science.1218930Huber, G. W., & Corma, A. (2007). Synergies between Bio- and Oil Refineries for the Production of Fuels from Biomass. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(38), 7184-7201. doi:10.1002/anie.200604504Alonso, D. M., Bond, J. Q., & Dumesic, J. A. (2010). Catalytic conversion of biomass to biofuels. Green Chemistry, 12(9), 1493. doi:10.1039/c004654jPinheiro, A., Hudebine, D., Dupassieux, N., & Geantet, C. (2009). Impact of Oxygenated Compounds from Lignocellulosic Biomass Pyrolysis Oils on Gas Oil Hydrotreatment. Energy & Fuels, 23(2), 1007-1014. doi:10.1021/ef800507zBui, V. N., Toussaint, G., Laurenti, D., Mirodatos, C., & Geantet, C. (2009). Co-processing of pyrolisis bio oils and gas oil for new generation of bio-fuels: Hydrodeoxygenation of guaïacol and SRGO mixed feed. Catalysis Today, 143(1-2), 172-178. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2008.11.024Asadieraghi, M., Wan Daud, W. M. A., & Abbas, H. F. (2014). Model compound approach to design process and select catalysts for in-situ bio-oil upgrading. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 36, 286-303. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.050Cherubini, F., Jungmeier, G., Wellisch, M., Willke, T., Skiadas, I., Van Ree, R., & de Jong, E. (2009). Toward a common classification approach for biorefinery systems. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 3(5), 534-546. doi:10.1002/bbb.172Gaertner, C. A., Serrano-Ruiz, J. C., Braden, D. J., & Dumesic, J. A. (2009). Catalytic coupling of carboxylic acids by ketonization as a processing step in biomass conversion. Journal of Catalysis, 266(1), 71-78. doi:10.1016/j.jcat.2009.05.015Omata, K., Matsumoto, K., Murayama, T., & Ueda, W. (2016). Direct oxidative transformation of glycerol to acrylic acid over Nb-based complex metal oxide catalysts. Catalysis Today, 259, 205-212. doi:10.1016/j.cattod.2015.07.01

Generation of synthetic intermediate slices in 3D OCT cubes for improving pathology detection and monitoring

Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG[Absctract]: OCT is a non-invasive imaging technique commonly used to obtain 3D volumes of the ocular structure. These volumes allow the monitoring of ocular and systemic diseases through the observation of subtle changes in the different structures present in the eye. In order to observe these changes it is essential that the OCT volumes have a high resolution in all axes, but unfortunately there is an inverse relationship between the quality of the OCT images and the number of slices of the cube. This results in routine clinical examinations using cubes that generally contain high-resolution images with few slices. This lack of slices complicates the monitoring of changes in the retina hindering the diagnostic process and reducing the effectiveness of 3D visualizations. Therefore, increasing the cross-sectional resolution of OCT cubes would improve the visualization of these changes aiding the clinician in the diagnostic process. In this work we present a novel fully automatic methodology to perform the synthesis of intermediate slices of OCT image volumes in an unsupervised manner. To perform this synthesis, we propose a fully convolutional neural network architecture that uses information from two adjacent slices to generate the intermediate synthetic slice. We also propose a training methodology, where we use three adjacent slices to train the network by contrastive learning and image reconstruction. We test our methodology with three different types of OCT volumes commonly used in the clinical setting and validate the quality of the synthetic slices created with several medical experts and using an expert system.This research was funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Government of Spain, DTS18/00136 research project; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Universidades, Government of Spain, RTI2018-095894-B-I00 research project; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Government of Spain through the research project with reference PID2019-108435RB-I00; Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade, Xunta de Galicia through the postdoctoral, grant ref. ED481B-2021-059; and Grupos de Referencia Competitiva, grant ref. ED431C 2020/24; Axencia Galega de Innovación (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, grant ref. IN845D 2020/38; CITIC, as Research Center accredited by Galician University System, is funded by “Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade from Xunta de Galicia”, supported in an 80% through ERDF Funds, ERDF Operational Programme Galicia 2014–2020, and the remaining 20% by “Secretaría Xeral de Universidades”, grant ref. ED431G 2019/01. Emilio López Varela acknowledges its support under FPI Grant Program through PID2019-108435RB-I00 project. Funding for open access charge: Universidade da Coruña/CISUG .Xunta de Galicia; ED481B-2021-059Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/24Xunta de Galicia; IN845D 2020/38Xunta de Galicia; ED431G 2019/0

El problema de la comunicación del diagnóstico en medicina.

En el momento presente ha surgido la necesidad de que los enfermos reciban una información clara sobre su patología, de ahí que nos hayamos planteado en este trabajo investigar sobre cómo el paciente incorpora subjetivamente el diagnóstico. Se trata para aquel de un proceso que no es nada fácil, sobre todo porque conlleva asumir algo que no es de su agrado y que puede cambiar su vida. Para ello, hemos tomado una muestra de mujeres diagnosticadas de cáncer de mama, que acudieron al Departamento de Psiquiatría de la Facultad de Medicina de Sevilla. Con ellas se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo consistente en una serie de entrevistas programadas en las que se recogen fielmente las distintas expresiones verbales sobre la enfermedad. De esta manera, pudimos conocer la experiencia particular sobre esta última y en concreto cómo se produjo la asimilación progresiva del diagnóstico. Como resultado, ha sido completamente necesario separar tres tipos de diagnóstico: “médico”, “comunicado” y “asimilado” y dos tipos de actuaciones bien definidas: una que pertenece al médico (la “traducción”) y otra a la paciente (la “captación”). Finalmente, se comprueba cómo las mujeres estudiadas despliegan medios de contención de las tensiones emocionales derivadas del conocimiento del diagnóstico, pero estos mismos impiden la subjetivación.The need that patients receive clear information about their disease has emerged in the present, hence we propose studying in this work how they get to integrate the diagnosis into their subjetivity. This process is not easy because that means to assume something unpleasant that could change her life. We used a sample of women with breast cancer diagnosis and applied a cualitative metodology consisting in a number of interviews in which the verbal expressions about their illness has been accurately recorded. So, we were able to know the particular experience of these patients related to the way that the progressive asimilation of the disease diagnosis was possible. Outcomes shows it is needed to differentiate three types of diagnosis: “medical” “comunicated” and “assimilated” and two kind of well definite actions: that of the doctor : “the translation” , and that of the patient: “the grasp”.Finally, it is shown how the women studied deploy containment measures of emotional tension derived from knowledge of the diagnosis, which are those impeding the subjectivationpost-print382 K

Reflux-synthesized bulk and diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes for the valorization of short-chain oxygenates aqueous mixtures

[EN] This work reports the preparation of bulk and KIT-6-diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes by a reflux method. The influence of the incorporation of Nb and a mesoporous silica on the physicochemical features of the catalysts is studied. The addition of Nb favors the formation of single-phase oxide bronze structure, with improved Lewis acidity; while the incorporation of KIT-6 gives rise to well-dispersed mixed metal oxide particles on the diluter. These diluted W-Nb-O catalysts present enhanced surface areas and mesopore volumes. The materials have been tested in the valorization of an aqueous model mixture (acetol/propanal/ethanol/acetic acid/water weight ratio of 5/25/10/30/30), through C-C bond formation reactions. The increase in the Lewis nature of surface acid sites stands as the key point to maximize the total organic yield during the reaction (Cs-Cio products). The best catalysts maintain their catalytic behavior after five consecutive uses.Financial support by the Spanish Government (RT12018-099668-B-C21, PGC2018-097277-B-100, and SEV-2016-0683) is gratefully acknowledged. DD and AF-A thank the Severo Ochoa Excellence Program (SVP-2014-068669) and the "La Caixa-Severo Ochoa" Foundation, respectively, for their fellowships. NS thanks "Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico y Tecnologico (CNPq)" in Brasil. Authors are also grateful to the Electron Microscopy Service (Universitat Politecnica de Valencia) for facilities.Delgado-Muñoz, D.; Fernández-Arroyo, A.; La Salvia, N.; Domine, ME.; López Nieto, JM. (2019). Reflux-synthesized bulk and diluted W-Nb-O mixed oxide bronzes for the valorization of short-chain oxygenates aqueous mixtures. Chinese Journal of Catalysis. 40(11):1778-1787. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63419-4S17781787401