Limpieza de los materiales pétreos de la Catedral de Valladolid (España)

Two types of black crusts showing gypsiferous and calcareous compositions are recognized on the front-walls of the Valladolid Cathedral. On the basis of several petrophysical parameters, in particular compacity, sorption and desorption kinematics of carbonate rocks used building the cathedral, we conclude that the most appropriate cleaning method of the ashlars is washing with water. Highest efficiency of the method is attained with water at 90ºC and at a pressure of 120 bars. This assessment is valid for most of the carbonate rocks of the cathedral except for detrital pelmicrites because of their low compacity which makes that water pressure for cleaning must not exceed 50 bars. The processing of cleaning with water should be preceded by alkaline treatment (NaOH and EDTA) of the rock surface.Atendiendo a los parámetros petrofisicos (compacidad, cinemática de sorción y desorción) de las diferentes facies carbonáticas con las que se construyó la catedral, se determina que el método idóneo para llevar a cabo la limpieza de sus sillares es con agua. La mayor efectividad se alcanza con una temperatura del agua de 90ºC y una presión de 120 bares, a excepción de las pelmicritas detríticas, que dada su baja compacidad la presión no puede ser superior a los 50 bares. Para la eliminación de las costras negras es necesario aplicar previamente un tratamiento alcalino a base de hidróxido sódico y EDTA

Ruta geomonumental: materiales de construcción utilizados en el Monasterio de Santa María de Pelayos de la Presa y antiguas canteras explotadas para la extracción de la piedra granítica (Madrid).

9 págs, 8 figuras.-- Itinerario incluido entre las actividades de divulgación y comunicación social de la Semana de la Ciencia y la Tecnología en el CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Nov 2010): http://www.madrimasd.org/semanaciencia/2010/.-- Texto correspondiente a la memoria entregada a los participantes que asistieron a la ruta geomonumentalLas Rutas Geomonumentales suponen una metodología diferente para la difusión cultural y científica del patrimonio arquitectónico, atendiendo a los materiales pétreos, naturales y artificiales, que lo configuran. El prefijo “Geo” indica el fuerte condicionante geológico que tradicionalmente ha influido en los asentamientos urbanos y en su desarrollo, así como la relación existente entre la arquitectura y la geología, en tanto que gran parte de los materiales de construcción se extraen de la tierra. Además, el comportamiento y deterioro de los materiales pétreos está en gran parte condicionado por el entorno que rodea a los inmuebles que constituyen. El Monasterio de Pelayos de la Presa resulta un inmueble ideal para realizar una Ruta Geomonumental como la que se propone. Por un lado, para la construcción del monasterio se utilizaron muy diversos materiales pétreos de construcción (naturales y artificiales) y su emplazamiento en gran parte estuvo condicionado por la existencia de canteras de granito en la zona. Por otro, el estado de conservación que presenta el inmueble, posibilita atender a interesantes aspectos constructivos y a formas de deterioro sufridas por los materiales, así como a las causas que las generan.Peer reviewe

La Piedra de Novelda: una roca muy utilizada en el patrimonio arquitectónico

Novelda Stone is a calcareous rock, of the biocalcarenite type. It is extracted from the «Vinalopó Medio» area (Alicante, eastern Spain). Novelda stone is known as construction material from the 13th century. From final of the 19th century until the present time, it has been used in Madrid, Valencia and Alicante. In the past, the main quarries from which this type of rock was extracted were located in the municipal districts of Monóvar (Almorquí Stone), Sax (Portazgo Stone) and Elda (Bateig Stone). Nowadays, the main active extraction site is situated in the Bateig Hill quarries. The rock extracted is known commercially as Bateig Stone. The main varieties of this Bateig Stone are: White, Blue, Layer and Fantasy. Each variety of Novelda stone has different durability rate and different pathology depending on their characteristics, particularly on their hydric behaviour patterns. Layer Bateig and Portazgo stone undergo granular disintegration and alveolization and are less durable than the rest. White and Blue Bateig, as well as Almorquí stone, only develop fissures or scaling under extreme conditions.La Piedra de Novelda es una roca carbonática del tipo biocalcarenita. Se extrae del área de Vinalopó Medio (Alicante, España oriental). La piedra de Novelda es conocida como material de construcción desde el siglo XIII. Desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, se ha utilizado en edificios y monumentos de Madrid y Valencia, así como Alicante. En el pasado, las canteras principales donde se extrajo este tipo de piedra se localizaban en los distritos municipales de Monóvar (Piedra Almorquí), Sax (Piedra Portazgo) y El da (Piedra Bateig). Hoy en día, la actividad principal se sitúa en las canteras de Bateig. La piedra extraída es conocida comercialmente como Piedra Bateig. Las variedades principales de esta Piedra Bateig son: Blanco, Azul, Llano y Fantasía. Consecuencia de las diferentes propiedades y en especial de los diferentes comportamientos hídricos, la durabilidad de los distintos tipos de Piedra de Novelda y sus patologías son diferentes. La Bateig LLano y la Piedra de Portazgo sufren desagregación granular y alveolización y su durabilidad es menor que la del resto de las variedades. La Bateig Blanco y Bateig Azul, junto con la Piedra Almorquí, sólo en condiciones muy extremas llegan a desarrollar fisuraciones y/o descamaciones

Diet quality index as a predictor of treatment efficacy in overweight and obese adolescents: The EVASYON study

Background & aim: A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual''s dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes. Methods: To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13–16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents’ compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI. Results: Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen''s d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes. Conclusions: We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support

Spread of a SARS-CoV-2 variant through Europe in the summer of 2020.

Following its emergence in late 2019, the spread of SARS-CoV-21,2 has been tracked by phylogenetic analysis of viral genome sequences in unprecedented detail3–5. Although the virus spread globally in early 2020 before borders closed, intercontinental travel has since been greatly reduced. However, travel within Europe resumed in the summer of 2020. Here we report on a SARS-CoV-2 variant, 20E (EU1), that was identified in Spain in early summer 2020 and subsequently spread across Europe. We find no evidence that this variant has increased transmissibility, but instead demonstrate how rising incidence in Spain, resumption of travel, and lack of effective screening and containment may explain the variant’s success. Despite travel restrictions, we estimate that 20E (EU1) was introduced hundreds of times to European countries by summertime travellers, which is likely to have undermined local efforts to minimize infection with SARS-CoV-2. Our results illustrate how a variant can rapidly become dominant even in the absence of a substantial transmission advantage in favourable epidemiological settings. Genomic surveillance is critical for understanding how travel can affect transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and thus for informing future containment strategies as travel resumes. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Assessment of a New ROS1 Immunohistochemistry Clone (SP384) for the Identification of ROS1 Rearrangements in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: the ROSING Study

Introduction: The ROS1 gene rearrangement has become an important biomarker in NSCLC. The College of American Pathologists/International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/Association for Molecular Pathology testing guidelines support the use of ROS1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) as a screening test, followed by confirmation with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or a molecular test in all positive results. We have evaluated a novel anti-ROS1 IHC antibody (SP384) in a large multicenter series to obtain real-world data. Methods: A total of 43 ROS1 FISH-positive and 193 ROS1 FISH-negative NSCLC samples were studied. All specimens were screened by using two antibodies (clone D4D6 from Cell Signaling Technology and clone SP384 from Ventana Medical Systems), and the different interpretation criteria were compared with break-apart FISH (Vysis). FISH-positive samples were also analyzed with next-generation sequencing (Oncomine Dx Target Test Panel, Thermo Fisher Scientific). Results: An H-score of 150 or higher or the presence of at least 70% of tumor cells with an intensity of staining of 2+ or higher by the SP384 clone was the optimal cutoff value (both with 93% sensitivity and 100% specificity). The D4D6 clone showed similar results, with an H-score of at least 100 (91% sensitivity and 100% specificity). ROS1 expression in normal lung was more frequent with use of the SP384 clone (p < 0.0001). The ezrin gene (EZR)-ROS1 variant was associated with membranous staining and an isolated green signal FISH pattern (p = 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusions: The new SP384 ROS1 IHC clone showed excellent sensitivity without compromising specificity, so it is another excellent analytical option for the proposed testing algorithm

El Cretácico del Claustro románico de Santo Domingo de Silos

[ES] Se hace un estudio Petro-arqueológico del Claustro Románico construido entre los siglos XI al XIII. Entre los puntos que merecen destacarse están los siguientes: Datación del entorno geológico, que comprende materiales dolomíticos desde el Jurásico al Cretácico superior. En las litofacies dolomíticas del Maestrictiense superior se localizan las canteras de donde se sacó la piedra para la construcción del Claustro. Se analizan muestras de Cimacios, Capiteles, Fustes y Basas por petrografía, difracción de rayos X y análisis químicos, obteniendo una composición dolomítica, con sales de SO4 Cl y NO3 de Na3 y K principalmente, restos deteriorados de fósiles, algún clasto de cuarzo y material arcilloso. Se trata de una dolomitización, a partir de Aragonito, explicándose su porosidad, principalmente Móldica y en Canales.[FR] On étude le Cloitre Roman du point de vue Pétro-archéologique; il a été construit pendant les siecles XI-XIII et XIII; a ce sujet il faut seuligner. Les alentours géologiques qui montrent des matériaux dolomitiques dés le Jurassique au Crétacé supérieur. Dans les litofaciés dolomitiques du Maestrichtien supérieur les carriéres, oú la pierre á construire le Cloitre a été enlevée, se trouvent. Echantillons des Cimaises, des Chapiteaux, des Futs et des Bases, ont été analysés au moyen de la Pétrographie Microscopique, la Difractometrie et la Chimie Analytique, ces analyses montrent une composition dolomitique avec des sels de SO4 Cl y NO3 de Na3 y K principalement, il y a aussi des débris dégradés de fossiles, quelque grains de Quartz et de matérial argileux. lís presentent une dolomitization qui a affectée a l’aragonite, faisant une porosité, principalement et Mouls et en Chenaux.Peer reviewe

El «Tratado del secreto de pintar a fuego las vidrieras de colores» de F. Sánchez Martínez,1718

Se estudia el «Tratado del Secreto de pintar a fuego las vidrieras de colores», escrito por Francisco Sánchez Martínez en Toledo en 1.718. A partir de cada una de las recetas se calcula la composición teórica de los vidrios fabricados; estos resultados se comparan con los del análisis químico realizado en muestras de vidrio coloreado procedentes de las vidrieras de la Catedral de Toledo. La coincidencia entre ambos valores es en muchos casos notable.The «Tratado del Secreto de pintar a fuego las vidrieras de colores», written by Francisco Sánchez Martínez in Toledo in 1718, is carefully analysed. The theorical chemical composition of the glasses manufactured following the recipes oí the treatise was calculated. These data are compared with the values obtained from the chemical analyses of the stained glass windows of Toledo Cathedral. Both values are notably similar.Peer reviewe