Aislamiento de Verticillium dahliae de suelo y caracterización morfológica de sus microesclerocios

En este trabajo se describe una metodología que facilita el aislamiento directo de V. dahliae del suelo. Tras procesar la muestra por Tamizado Húmedo, se siembran alícuotas de la suspensión resultante en placas del medio Agar Polipectato Sódico Modificado (APSM) sobre las que se ha extendido una lámina de celofán. Las colonias de microesclerocios de V. dahliae formadas sobre el celofán se recuperan retirando la cuadrícula de la lámina que las contiene. Las colonias adheridas al celofán se tratan en un baño de ultrasonidos, se lavan y se filtran utilizando una bomba de vacío. Tras el filtrado, el residuo resultante se siembra en nuevas placas de APSM, PDA o PDA acidificado, donde las colonias de Vi dahliae crecen libres de contaminantes, y se pueden transferir para obtener el cultivo puro. Se ha obtenido así una colección de aislados de suelo de V. dahliae, cuyos microesclerocios producidos sobre APSM se han caracterizado morfológicamente. Los valores de la relación longitud/anchura de los microesclerocios de los aislados obtenidos mostraron una amplia variabilidad comparados con los microesclerocios de los aislados de referencia, VI17 (defolíante) y V4 (no defolíante) de V. dahliae. Las características morfológicas de los microesclerocios en APSM podrían estar relacionadas con el patotipo del aislado de este agente, como ha sido descrito por otros autores en otros medios de cultivo. Por ello, este método de aislamiento podría facilitar en el futuro estudios de ecología y virulencia del patógeno. Adicionalmente, la metodología desarrollada podría aplicarse de forma simultánea para la determinación de la densidad de inoculo de V. dahlia

Description of some families of filiform Lie algebras

In this paper we describe some families of filiform Lie algebras by giving a method which allows to obtain them in any arbitrary dimension n starting from the triple (p, q, m), where m = n and p and q are, respectively, invariants z1 and z2 of those algebras. After obtaining the general law of complex filiform Lie algebras corresponding to triples (p, q, m), some concrete examples of this method are shown

LA GESTIÓN DE RECURSOS EN CABINA: DISEÑO DE UN PROGRAMA DE CRM EN AVIACIÓN DE EJÉRCITO DE TIERRA.

El presente trabajo aborda el problema que afronta el Ejército de Tierra (ET) respecto al retraso que sufre en cuanto a instrucción en Crew Resource Management (CRM), conocido en español como gestión de recursos en cabina. Actualmente el ET solo realiza una serie de charlas informativas. Esto contrasta con los planes de formación CRM existentes en la aviación civil y los implementados recientemente en el Ejército del Aire (EA), siendo evidente la gran diferencia de desarrollo y perfeccionamiento entre el ET y el resto. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar un curso específico en CRM para los pilotos de Aviación de Ejército de Tierra (AVIET), similar al resto de cursos de los que disponen. Se pretende que este curso sea de aplicación en un futuro inmediato para los pilotos de AVIET. Con la creación de este curso específico en CRM, se pretende resolver el problema del desconocimiento que tienen las patrullas de vuelo del ET en esta materia.Para alcanzar este objetivo, se ha decidido emplear una metodología mayoritariamente cualitativa, en la que se han realizado entrevistas a distintos profesionales en la materia, entre los que se encuentran la Directora de Seguridad de la Agencia Estatal de Seguridad de Aeronaves (AESA), una Ingeniera Técnica Aeronáutica y piloto comercial de helicópteros, el Teniente Coronel Jefe de la Sección de Seguridad de Vuelo (SCSV), y el Teniente Coronel Jefe del departamento de Instrucción y Adiestramiento de la Academia de Aviación de Ejército de Tierra (ACAVIET). Además de las entrevistas, se ha realizado una encuesta a 30 tripulantes de vuelo encuadrados en las distintas unidades de AVIET, de distinta antigüedad y función dentro de la tripulación de vuelo. También se han empleado una serie de métodos secundarios para fundamentar la aplicación de este curso de instrucción CRM, como un análisis DAFO, un diagrama de flujo, y un diagrama EDT. Por otro lado, se ha utilizado un análisis cuantitativo para analizar los posibles riesgos asociados a la implementación del curso específico CRM mediante una Matriz de Gestión de Riesgos.En conclusión, al final de este trabajo se demostrará la deficiencia que tiene el ET respecto a la instrucción CRM en comparación con la aviación civil y el EA. Para resolver este problema, diseñaré y propondré un curso específico de formación CRM de una duración de unas 22 horas para los futuros oficiales de la especialidad fundamental de AVIET. <br /

Numerical study and experimental validation of the water films and the detachment of drops on drifts eliminators

This paper is focused on the study of a type of drift eliminator installed in a mechanical draft cooling tower. Drift eliminators are installed in cooling towers in order to avoid water droplets to be emitted to the ambient. These droplets are formed by the crossflow between airflow and water pulverization inside the tower. The study is centered on the analysis of three aspects: the water film formed on the plates of the drift eliminator, the size of water droplets detached from this film and the flow conditions for the detachment of these droplets. These aspects are studied with a multiphase numerical approach, validated by experimental tests. Good agreement is obtained between numerical and experimental results. The study shows that the behavior of water droplets is very influenced by air velocity inside the cooling tower. Moreover, limits for air velocity are set for the drift eliminator not to act as a droplet generator itself.This research is sponsored by the Spanish Government, through the Projects No. ENE2013-48696-C2-2-R and ENE2013-48696-C2-1-R, including FEDER (European Union)

Towards a dynamic model for the Urban Heat Island of Madrid

Present research is framed within the project MODIFICA (MODelo predictivo - edIFIcios - Isla de Calor urbanA) aimed at developing a predictive model for dwelling energy performance under the urban heat island effect in order to implement it in the evaluation of real energy demand and consumption of dwellings as well as in the selection of energy retrofitting strategies. It is funded by Programa de I+D+i orientada a los retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' 2013. Despite great advances on building energy performance have been achieved during the last years, available climate data is derived from weather stations placed in the outskirts of the city. Hence, urban heat island effect is not considered in energy simulations, which implies an important lack of accuracy. Since 1980's several international studies have been conducted on the urban heat island (UHI) phenomena, which modifies the atmospheric conditions of the urban centres due to urban agglomeration [1][2][3][4]. In the particular case of Madrid, multiple maps haven been generated using different methodologies during the last two decades [5][6][7]. These maps allow us to study the UHI phenomena from a wide perspective, offering however an static representation of it. Consequently a dynamic model for Madrid UHI is proposed, in order to evaluate it in a continuous way, and to be able to integrate it in building energy simulations

Determination of bioactive compounds in sequential extracts of chia leaf (Salvia hispanica L.) using UHPLC-HRMS (Q-Orbitrap) and a global evaluation of antioxidant in vitro capacity

Consumers' interest in foods that are nutritionally balanced and with health benefits has increased. The food industry is paying attention to the use of the ancestral seed Salvia hispanica L., commonly known as chia. At present, only the chia seeds, which are a natural source of omega-3 and omega-6, fiber, proteins, and natural antioxidants, are commercialized. Although some studies reveal the presence of several bioactive compounds like polyphenols (e.g., vitexin, orientin, and some hydroxycinnamic acids) in chia leaf methanolic extracts, the chia plant is commonly used as fertilizer or treated as waste after harvest. Therefore, it can represent a by-product that could be considered a great source of bioactive compounds with unexplored potential in medicine and food industry applications. In this work, UHPLC-HRMS (Q-Orbitrap) was employed to tentatively identify and determine bioactive compounds present in different leaf extracts of chia plants of black and white seed phenotype obtained with solvents of different polarity (ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane) to address chia plant by-product revalorization. The chemical antioxidant capacity was also studied and correlated to the found bioactive compounds. In these experiments, black chia showed a higher antioxidant capacity than white chia in the ethanolic extracts. Moreover, experiments on cellular antioxidant activity were also performed with a predominance of the white chia extract. It is noted that the cellular antioxidant activity results make chia ethanolic extracts promising antioxidants

Education and Diet in the Scientific Literature: A Study of the Productive, Structural, and Dynamic Development in Web of Science

The authors acknowledge the researchers of the research group AREA (HUM-672), which belongs to the Ministry of Education and Science of the Junta de Andalucía and is registered in the Department of Didactics and School Organization of the Faculty of Education Sciences of the University of GranadaNutrition-related education is necessary to protect and improve the health status of schoolchildren and to minimize the risk of future diseases. The objective of this research was to analyze the trajectory and transcendence of the concepts “education” and “diet” in the Web of Science literature. The methodology focused on bibliometry, analyzing both the performance and the structural and dynamic development of the concepts through a co-word analysis. A total of 1247 documents were analyzed, and the results show that scientific production experienced a turning point in 2009, in comparison to the level of production reported in previous years. The medium of papers and the language of English were the most common. In relation to the research topic, before 2014, scientific production focused on medical and disease-related aspects; however, since 2014, it has focused on disease prevention and feeding. It was therefore concluded that the theme “diet and education” has been researched for more than 20 years, although it is only in the last decade that it has become more relevant—particularly studies focusing on disease prevention and the type of food, specifically fruit, which is presented as the most outstanding issue for researchers in this field of knowledge.research group AREA HUM-672This study was financed by the “Study and analysis of technological resources and innovation in teacher training in the field of Higher Education and its applicability to the development of the Santander Region (Colombia),” in the Framework Cooperation Agreement for the strengthening of research and education, signed between the Corporación Escuela Tecnológica del Oriente, the Secretariat of Education of Santander, and the AreA HUM/672 Research Group of the University of Granada. Code: ISPRS-2017-7202. Period: 2017 to 2021

STEAM in Primary Education. Impact on Linguistic and Mathematical Competences in a Disadvantaged Context

This research has studied the impact of the use of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) in education, specifically in the development of linguistic and mathematical skills. The instruments used to extract the learning results were the external evaluation tests carried out by the National Institute of Educational Evaluation INEE over a period of 4 years. The study included 242 third-level primary school students from an educational center in the city of Ceuta (Spain) located in a disadvantaged area. The objectives of the study were to describe the learning results obtained in the respective competencies according to the sex and the migratory history of the students’ parents, to compare the results obtained before and during the use of STEAM and to determine if there is a correlation between the understanding of writing and problem solving. The research method was quantitative descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. The results of the study showed that the transversal and coordinated use of STEAM improves the learning outcomes of linguistic and mathematical competence of students of the third year of Primary Education, especially speaking, oral comprehension and calculation. The results were, in general, more positive in the case of girls and students whose parents were born in Spain. The study also revealed that there is a positive correlation between reading comprehension and problem solving

Hacia un modelo dinámico para la isla de calor urbana de Madrid = Towards a Dynamic Model for the Urban Heat Island of Madrid

Esta investigación se enmarca dentro del proyecto MODIFICA (modelo predictivo - Edificios - Isla de Calor Urbano), financiado por el Programa de I + D + i Orientada a los Retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' de 2013. Está dirigido a desarrollar un modelo predictivo de eficiencia energética para viviendas, bajo el efecto de isla de calor urbano (AUS) con el fin de ponerla en práctica en la evaluación de la demanda de energía real y el consumo en las viviendas. A pesar de los grandes avances que se han logrado durante los últimos años en el rendimiento energético de edificios, los archivos de tiempo utilizados en la construcción de simulaciones de energía se derivan generalmente de estaciones meteorológicas situadas en las afueras de la ciudad. Por lo tanto, el efecto de la Isla de Calor Urbano (ICU) no se considera en estos cálculos, lo que implica una importante falta de precisión. Centrado en explorar cómo incluir los fenómenos ICU, el presente trabajo recopila y analiza la dinámica por hora de la temperatura en diferentes lugares dentro de la ciudad de Madrid. Abstract This research is framed within the project MODIFICA (Predictive model - Buildings - Urban Heat Island), funded by Programa de I+D+i orientada a los retos de la sociedad 'Retos Investigación' 2013. It is aimed at developing a predictive model for dwelling energy performance under the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in order to implement it in the evaluation of real energy demand and consumption in dwellings. Despite great advances on building energy performance have been achieved during the last years, weather files used in building energy simulations are usually derived from weather stations placed in the outskirts of the city. Hence, Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is not considered in this calculations, which implies an important lack of accuracy. Focused on exploring how to include the UHI phenomena, the present paper compiles and analyses the hourly dynamics of temperature in different locations within the city of Madrid