Partial extinction and reinstatement

Fear extinction is not permanent but more vulnerable than the original fear memory, as relapse phenomena have traditionally shown. Partial extinction has been proposed as a strategy that may serve to mitigate relapses. Partial extinction differs from the standard procedure as it includes the occasional presentation of CS-US trials at the beginning of the extinction training. The present experiment, using an aversive differential conditioning procedure, evaluates whether partial extinction can reduce reinstatement, a specific form of relapse. The results showed that partial extinction did not mitigate reinstatement but proved effective to diminish the magnitude of the US expectation after a first reacquisition trial in a final test phase. The results reported are more consistent with theories that conceives extinction as the acquisition of new inhibitory learning rather than the erasure of the original conditioning.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Estudio y propuesta de intervención en la Casa de los Cobos de Jumilla (Murcia)

[ES] El objetivo de este trabajo final de grado es el de realizar un estudio previo completo de una vivienda catalogada por su interés histórico-artístico de tal forma que podamos comprender su evolución en el tiempo, composición estructural y su situación actual. El inmueble elegido para realizar este estudio es la Casa de los Cobos, en Jumilla (Murcia), una vivienda en situación de ruina ubicada en pleno casco histórico de la localidad y la cual ha sido catalogada con una protección patrimonial. Este edificio data del siglo XVIII y ha sufrido una gran cantidad de reformas y variaciones que han modificado a lo largo de los años su composición. Una vez recopilados todos estos datos podremos pasar a estudiar las lesiones que sufre el edificio, identificar sus causas e intervenir sobre ellas. Todo este proceso tiene como fin proponer una rehabilitación del edificio, elaborando para ello un levantamiento planimétrico de la vivienda sobre los que trazar los mapeos de las lesiones y realizar una propuesta de intervención de la vivienda, devolviendo a sus elementos y sistemas constructivos su funcionalidad y aspecto originales.[EN] The purpose of this bachelor's thesis is to make a preliminary study of a building cataloged by its historical and artistic interest so that we can understand their evolution over time, structural composition and its current situation. The building chosen for this study is the Cobo’s house in Jumilla (Murcia), a property in a state of ruin located in the historical center of the town, which is cataloged with a heritage protection. This building dates from the XVIII century and has suffered a lot of changes and reforms that have changed over the years its composition. Once compiled all this data we can proceed to study the injuries suffered by the building, identify their causes and intervening on them. All this process is intended to propose a rehabilitation of the building, preparing for it a planimetric survey of the housing on which to draw mapped injuries and make a proposal for housing rehabilitation, returning to its elements and building systems functionality and his original appearance.Molina Lopez, F. (2016). Estudio y propuesta de intervención en la Casa de los Cobos de Jumilla (Murcia). http://hdl.handle.net/10251/70094.TFG

Una aproximación al estudio de la marca ciudad. Aplicación a la ciudad de Almería

El marketing de ciudades conforma un interesante instrumento estratégico para facilitar a las ciudades la satisfacción de las exigencias de sus diferentes públicos objetivo, a través del diseño y ejecución de procesos de creación y transmisión de valor, con el fin de mejorar su posicionamiento competitivo en relación con las ciudades competidoras. Así, la capacidad de desarrollo de una marca-ciudad, mediante la vinculación de la misma con su principal esencia en materia de historia, cultura y beneficios que la definen, puede mejorar la competitividad de una ciudad, potenciando aquellos elementos que la hacen única ó diferente a las demás. En particular, la provincia de Almería adolece de notables deficiencias en infraestructuras y comunicaciones, que unidas al posicionamiento de algunas de sus ciudades competidoras, plantean la necesidad de reflexionar en este trabajo en curso sobre el posicionamiento de su oferta y el grado de satisfacción que los diferentes públicos objetivo poseen con la ciudad.City marketing represents an interesting strategic tool in order to facilitate cities the satisfaction of the demands of their different target groups, through the design and execution of processes of creation and transmission of value, looking for the improve of their competitive positioning. Thus, the ability to develop a city-branding, by linking with its main essence in terms of history, culture and benefits that define it, can improve the competitiveness of a city, enhancing those elements that make it unique or different from other competitive cities. In particular, the province of Almeria suffers from notable deficiencies in infrastructure and communications, coupled with the positioning of some of its competing cities, suggest the need to reflect on this ongoing work the positioning of its offer and the degree of satisfaction that the different target publics possess with the city

Thermography and Sonic Anemometry to Analyze Air Heaters in Mediterranean Greenhouses

The present work has developed a methodology based on thermography and sonic anemometry for studying the microclimate in Mediterranean greenhouses equipped with air heaters and polyethylene distribution ducts to distribute the warm air. Sonic anemometry allows us to identify the airflow pattern generated by the heaters and to analyze the temperature distribution inside the greenhouse, while thermography provides accurate crop temperature data. Air distribution by means of perforated polyethylene ducts at ground level, widely used in Mediterranean-type greenhouses, can generate heterogeneous temperature distributions inside the greenhouse when the system is not correctly designed. The system analyzed in this work used a polyethylene duct with a row of hot air outlet holes (all of equal diameter) that expel warm air toward the ground to avoid plant damage. We have observed that this design (the most widely used in Almería’s greenhouses) produces stagnation of hot air in the highest part of the structure, reducing the heating of the crop zone. Using 88 kW heating power (146.7 W∙m−2) the temperature inside the greenhouse is maintained 7.2 to 11.2 °C above the outside temperature. The crop temperature (17.6 to 19.9 °C) was maintained above the minimum recommended value of 10 °C

Modeling the effect of the electrode potential in SERS by electronic structure calculations.

Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), due to the ability of greatly intensify the weak Raman signal of molecules adsorbed to metal surfaces, has proven to be a very useful tool to investigate changes in the electronic structure of metal-molecule surface complex. A deep knowledge of the electronic structure of these metal-molecule hybrid systems is key in electrochemistry, catalysis, plasmonics, molecular electronics, and in the development of selective and ultra-sensitive analytical sensors. The origin of this huge enhancement in SERS is due to two contributions: the electromagnetic (EM), related to surface plasmons, and the chemical mechanism, due to resonant charge transfer (CT) process between the adsorbate and the metal (CTSERS). Unfortunately, the SERS implies very complex phenomena where the molecule and the metal nanoparticle are involved. This fact makes challenging to build realistic theoretical models that take into account both the metal and the molecule at quantum level. We propose a methodology, based on DFT and ab initio electronic calculations, to simulate the effect of the electrode potential on the absorption, on the charge transfer states energies, and on the electronic excitations in metal-molecule hybrid systems from a microscopic point of view. This methodology consists on the prediction of Raman intensities from ab initio calculations of the geometries or the energy gradients at the excited states Franck-Condon point, bringing the possibility to predict the intensities in CTSERS as well as in resonance Raman without the need to know the excited state geometries, not always feasible to compute. The microscopic model adopted to mimic the effect of the interphase electric potential consist in a molecule adsorbed to a linear silver cluster [Agn-Adsorbate]q, were n is the number of silver atoms, and the total charge of the system (q) is zero for n=2 and q=±1 for n=1, 3 and 7.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

SERS study of different species of p-aminothiophenol adsorbed on silver nanoparticles

In the present work we have focused the discussion on the experimental and theoretical SERS spectra of the organic compound pATP recorded on silver colloids. The huge SERS of pATP on metal substrates is significantly different from its ordinary Raman spectra due to the formation of a new specie namely p,p’ –dimercaptoazobenzene (DMAB). The features of the SERS spectra of pATP are strongly dependent on many factors as i.e. the laser power density or the laser wavelength but there are still important aspects to understand as, for example, the effect of the concentration that has already been studied before by our group. In this case we have analyzed the effect of the concentration at different wavelengths on the SERS spectra of pATP on silver nanoparticles.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Demografia i reconstrucció de famílies a la parròquia de Sant Pere de Rubí al segle XVIII

Los autores, partiendo del estudio detallado de una pequeña comunidad rural catalana del siglo XVIII, se plantean las causas reales de su crecimiento demográfico a lo largo de la centuria analizando las diversas variables demográficas: fecundidad, nupcialidad y mortalidad.The authors, starting from a detailed study of a small rural community at the XVIIIth century, try to figure the real causes of their demographic growth throughout the century, analyzing the different demographic rates: fecundity, nuptiality and mortality

Application of Semi-Empirical Ventilation Models in A Mediterranean Greenhouse with Opposing Thermal and Wind Effects. Use of Non-Constant Cd (Pressure Drop Coefficient Through the Vents) and Cw (Wind Effect Coefficient)

The present work analyses the natural ventilation of a multi-span greenhouse with one roof vent and two side vents by means of sonic anemometry. Opening the roof vent to windward, one side vent to leeward, and the other side vents to windward (this last vent obstructed by another greenhouse), causes opposing thermal GT (m3 s−1) and wind effects Gw (m3 s−1), as outside air entering the greenhouse through the roof vent circulates downward, contrary to natural convection due to the thermal effect. In our case, the ventilation rate RM (h−1) in a naturally ventilated greenhouse fits a second order polynomial with wind velocity uo (RM = 0.37 uo2 + 0.03 uo + 0.75; R2 = 0.99). The opposing wind and thermal effects mean that ventilation models based on Bernoulli’s equation must be modified in order to add or subtract their effects accordingly—Model 1, in which the flow is driven by the sum of two independent pressure fields GM1=√(∣∣G2T±G2w∣∣) , or Model 2, in which the flow is driven by the sum of two independent fluxes GM2=|GT±Gw| . A linear relationship has been obtained, which allows us to estimate the discharge coefficient of the side vents (CdVS) and roof vent (CdWR) as a function of uo [CdVS = 0.028 uo + 0.028 (R2 = 0.92); CdWR = 0.036 uo + 0.040 (R2 = 0.96)]. The wind effect coefficient Cw was determined by applying models M1 and M2 proved not to remain constant for the different experiments, but varied according to the ratio uo/∆Tio0.5 or δ [CwM1 = exp(−2.693 + 1.160/δ) (R2 = 0.94); CwM2 = exp(−2.128 + 1.264/δ) (R2 = 0.98)]

Frequency shift on the potential-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering of pyridine: simplified models for metal and solvent effects

The electronic structure of adsorbates is altered when it interacts with a surface, modifying the properties of both entities and giving rise to interesting phenomena related to heterogeneous catalysis or molecular electronics. If such surface is a metallic substrate, the electrode potential can be used to tune this interaction. Potential-dependent Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) is a particularly useful technique to study the induced effects on the molecule when the metal-adsorbate surface complex is formed, as the observed frequency shifts of the vibrational modes can provide information about it. However, from the computational point of view, these systems are difficult to model, because the macroscopic metal cannot be modelled easily using quantum mechanics. As an approach, we propose a simple model using silver atomic wires with different size and charge bonded to the molecule (AgnPyq, n = 2,3,5,7 and q = 0 and ±1 for n even and odd, respectively) which has been developed by the group and provides a good description of the effect of the electrode potential on the chemical enhancement mechanism of SERS.1-3 Electronic calculations were performed using Density Functional Theory (DFT). In order to study the frequency shifts, solvent effects have been taken into account by using the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). We have used three different functionals (B3LYP, PW91 and M06HF) and two basis sets (LANL2DZ for all atoms and LANL2DZ for Ag and 6-31G(d) for C,N,H) and, in all cases, a good agreement is achieved in terms of amplitude and trend of the frequency shift for most of the vibrational modes, especially when solvent interactions are included. The method was extended to other metals and solvents giving results in agreement with the available experimental data.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech