Disputas alrededor de la soberanía

Por qué urge revisar los alcances de la soberanía y traspasar los tembladerales donde históricamente anclan sus enunciaciones. De la incomodidad de Malvinas al subsuelo hidrocarburífero y mineral, y la estandarización del lenguaje: ¿cómo se construye una idea de nación que involucre los cuerpos y las tierras, las palabras y las riquezas?Dossier: SoberaníaFacultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Disputas alrededor de la soberanía

Por qué urge revisar los alcances de la soberanía y traspasar los tembladerales donde históricamente anclan sus enunciaciones. De la incomodidad de Malvinas al subsuelo hidrocarburífero y mineral, y la estandarización del lenguaje: ¿cómo se construye una idea de nación que involucre los cuerpos y las tierras, las palabras y las riquezas?Dossier: SoberaníaFacultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

Disputas alrededor de la soberanía

Por qué urge revisar los alcances de la soberanía y traspasar los tembladerales donde históricamente anclan sus enunciaciones. De la incomodidad de Malvinas al subsuelo hidrocarburífero y mineral, y la estandarización del lenguaje: ¿cómo se construye una idea de nación que involucre los cuerpos y las tierras, las palabras y las riquezas?Dossier: SoberaníaFacultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Socia

The quality of internet information relating to oral leukoplakia

Objectives: The Internet provides great opportunities for patient healthcare education, but poses risks that inaccurate, outdated or harmful information will be disseminated. Our objective was determine the quality of the information available on the internet in relation to oral leukoplakia. Study design: Sites were identified using 3 search engines (Google, Yahoo and MSN), and the search term ?oral leukoplakia?. The first 100 consecutive sites in each search were visited and classified. The websites were evaluated for quality of content by using the validated DISCERN rating instrument and the JAMA benchmarks; the existence of the Health on the Net (HON) seal was also registered. Results: The Google search yielded 54.300 sites for oral leukoplakia, while Yahoo yielded 243.000 and MSN 103.000. We reviewed 21 Google websites, 20 Yahoo websites and 19 MSN. Based on the JAMA benchmarks, only 4 sites (19.1%) met the four criteria in the Google search, versus 2 sites (10%) in the Yahoo and 5 (26.3%) in MSN. With the DISCERN instrument, no site obtained the maximum score, with Google 13 sites presented serious deficiencies (61.9%), in the Yahoo search 14 (70%), and in MSN 15 (78.9%). Lastly, 4 of the Google sites (19.1%), four of the Yahoo sites (20%) and 2 (10.5%) MSN sites presented the HON seal. Conclusions: The quality of the health care information related to oral leukoplakia on the internet is poo

Comparison of pain and swelling after removal of oral leukoplakia with CO2 laser and cold knife: a randomized clinical trial

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare conventional surgery with carbon dioxide (CO2) laser in patients with oral leukoplakia, and to evaluate the postoperative pain and swelling. Study design: A total of 48 patients (27 males and 21 females) with a mean age of 53.7 ± 11.7 years and diagnosed with oral leukoplakia were randomly assigned to receive treatment either with conventional surgery using a cold knife or with a CO2 laser technique. A visual analog scale (VAS) was used to score pain and swelling at different postoperative time points. Results: Pain and swelling reported by the patients was greater with the conventional cold knife than with the CO2 laser, statistically significant differences for pain and swelling were observed between the two techniques during the first three days after surgery. Followed by a gradual decrease over one week. In neither group was granuloma formation observed, and none of the patients showed malignant transformation during the period of follow-up. Conclusions: The CO2 laser causes only minimal pain and swelling, thus suggesting that it may be an alternative method to conventional surgery in treating patients with oral leukoplakia

Mortalidad infantil en el Perú: análisis de la situación de la Región Puno a causa de las heladas y la respuesta del Ministerio de Salud a través de sus políticas a largo plazo entre el 2015 y el 2018

Puno es una de las zonas alto andinas más afectadas por el friaje y las heladas; exponiéndose a temperaturas extremas que causan que sus condiciones de vida se vean afectadas, una de sus principales consecuencias es la alta tasa de mortalidad infantil a causa de enfermedades respiratoria; es por ello, que desde el 2015 el gobierno impulsa y realiza un Plan Multisectorial ante heladas y friaje, política nacional en donde participan muchos ministerios, incluyendo el Ministerio de Salud (MINSA) con su Campaña de salud en los Tambos y locales distritales; además, de la entrega de servicios sostenibles de acuerdo al cronograma que se encuentra dentro del Plan Multisectorial, con el objetivo de reducir la vulnerabilidad de las poblaciones en la región Puno. Aún así, este objetivo no se ha podido lograr, ya que, a pesar de los esfuerzos multisectoriales, a través de acciones sostenibles, el problema de la mortalidad infantil continúa presente en regiones como Puno. Por lo tanto, la presente investigación tiene como objetivo encontrar la causa o las causas principales para la no implementación de una política a largo plazo que contrarreste la mortalidad infantil en esta región, y la falta de pertinencia en la adecuación de su política pública a la necesidad.Trabajo de investigació

Creencias epistemológicas de docentes escolares

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo identificar y caracterizar las creencias epistemológicas de un grupo de docentes de nivel escolar de Lima Metropolitana. Ello contribuye a una aproximación al rol del docente en la educación, pues las creencias articulan las actitudes y el comportamiento o, en el caso de los docentes en el contexto de la institución educativa, la práctica pedagógica. Partiendo del paradigma cualitativo, se entrevistó a 8 docentes de múltiples disciplinas de dos colegios de la capital, siendo uno lacio estatal y el otro, religioso privado. Mediante análisis temático, se identificaron creencias sobre la naturaleza del conocimiento, incluyendo nociones como estabilidad y tipología; y sobre el proceso de adquisición del conocimiento, que abarcaron las diversas formas de conocer, las fuentes de proveniencia y la validación del conocimiento. Los resultados evidencian un pensamiento epistémico bastante desarrollado en los participantes, lo que podría influenciar de una forma positiva en su práctica pedagógica. En cuanto a las variables sociodemográficas, se halló mayor variabilidad en las creencias de los docentes con el máximo grado académico alcanzado entre los participantes (grado de maestría en educación) y más años de experiencia en la docencia (34 años). El estudio aporta con categorías emergentes, entendiéndose como creencias sofisticadas no halladas en estudios previos. Las creencias epistemológicas se constituyen como un campo aún no profundamente estudiado en el Perú, por lo que la presente investigación contribuye a cimentar las bases de la línea investigativa.The objective of this study is to identify and characterize the epistemological beliefs of a group of school-level teachers in Lima. This contributes to an approach to the role of the teacher in education, since beliefs articulate attitudes and behavior or, in the case of teachers in the context of the educational institution, pedagogical practice. Based on the qualitative paradigm, 8 teachers from multiple disciplines were interviewed from two schools in the capital, one being a secular state school and the other religious and private. Through thematic analysis, beliefs about the nature of knowledge were identified, including notions such as stability and typology; and on the process of knowledge acquisition, that include the different ways of knowing, the sources of provenience and the validation of knowledge. The results show a well developed epistemic thought in the participants, which could influence in a positive way in their pedagogical practice. Regarding the sociodemographic variables, greater variability was found in the beliefs of the teachers with the highest academic level reached among the participants (masters degree in education) and more years of experience in teaching (34 years). The study contributes with emerging categories, understood as sophisticated beliefs not found in previous studies. The epistemological beliefs are constituted as a field not yet deeply studied in Peru, reason why the present investigation contributes to cement the bases of the investigative line.Trabajo de investigació

Short-term effect of zoledronic acid upon fracture resistance of the mandibular condyle and femoral head in an animal model

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects in terms of resistance to fracture of the mandibular condyle and femoral head following different doses of zoledronic acid in an animal model. Study design: A total of 80 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were included in a prospective randomized study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups of 20 rats each. Group 1 (control) received sterile saline solution, while groups 2, 3 and 4 received a accumulated dose of 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg and 0.6 mg of zoledronic acid, respectively. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after the last dose, and the right hemimandible and the right femur were removed. The fracture strength was measured (in Newtons) with a universal test machine using a 1 kN load connected to a metal rod with one end angled at 30 degrees. The cross-head speed was 1 mm/min. Later, the specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope with backscattered electron imaging (SEM- BSE). At last, chemical analysis and elemental mapping of the mineral bone composition were generated using a microanalytical system based on energy-dispersive and X-ray spectrometry (EDX). Results: A total of 160 fracture tests were performed. The fracture resistance increased in mandible and femur with a higher accumulated dose of zoledronic acid. Statistically significant differences were recorded versus the controls with all the studies groups. The chemical analysis in mandible showed a significantly increased of calcium and phosphorous to compare the control with all of the study groups; however, in femur no statistically significant differences between the four study groups were observed. Conclusions: The administration of bisphosphonates increases the fracture resistance in mandible and femur

Fungiform papillae density in patients with burning mouth syndrome and xerostomia

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze fungiform papillae density in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and xerostomia. Study design: In this cross-sectional clinical study, sixty patients were included (20 with BMS, 20 with xerostomia and 20 healthy controls). The fungiform papillae density was analyzed over a small region on the anterior tip of the tongue with the aid of a digital camera. The number of papillae was measured in an area of 19 mm2. Results: The patients with BMS showed significantly higher fungiform papillae density than the patients with xerostomia; though no statistically significant differences were recorded versus the control group. In the BMS group, 65% of all cases presented a density of 71-90 papillae (within an area of 19 mm2), while 10% had more than 90 papillae. On the contrary, 70% of the patients with xerostomia had fewer than 70 papillae in the studied area. Conclusions: The digital camera offers a rapid, noninvasive and relatively simple way to study fungiform papillae density. The patients with BMS have higher fungiform papillae density than the patients with xerostomia