EL NACIONALISMO RADICAL: Narrativa histórica e identidad nacional en Cuba

A construção do discurso nacional em Cuba tem colocado a ênfase na guerra e na insurreição como o fundamento da nação, assim como na formação da identidade nacional. O nacionalismo radical, construído por José Martí inicialmente, ofrece uma guía para entender a história moderna de Cuba: os intentos de independencia no século XIX e as revoluções do século XX como eslabones de uma mesma cadeia que une a identidade nacional nascida da violência revolucionária, cujo topo sería a revolução castrista em 1959.Palavras-chave: Insurrección. Nacionalismo. Identidades políticas. Procesos políticosResumenLa construcción de un discurso nacional en Cuba ha puesto énfasis en la guerra y la insurrección como el fundamento de la nación, así como en la formación de la identidad nacional. El nacionalismo radical, construido con José Martí inicialmente, es la guía misma para entender la historia moderna de Cuba: los intentos independencia en el siglo XIX y las revoluciones del siglo XX como eslabones de una misma cadena que une la identidad nacional nacida de la violencia revolucionaria, cuya culminación sería la revolución castrista en 1959.Palabras claves: Insurrección. Nacionalismo. Identidades políticas. Procesos políticosAbstractThe construction of a national discourse in Cuba has emphasized war and insurrection as the foundation of the nation, as well as in the formation of national identity. Radical nationalism, initially built with José Martí, is the same guide to understanding the modern history of Cuba: Independence attempts in the XIX century and the revolutions of the twentieth century as links in a chain that links national identity born of violence revolutionary, whose culmination would be Castro’s revolution in 1959.Keywords: Insurrection. Nationalism. Identity politics. Political processe

Práctica historiográfica y ciencias sociales en México. Una aproximación a la historia contemporánea y del presente

The conditions behind the evolution of the study of history in Mexico throughout the 20th century are addressed. This review discusses the fact that the study of history is the result of a political, national, and international context, of historical processes that we define as a contemporaneity. This, in turn, reflects the way in which the disciplines within this study unfold in an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration (hybridization). This process can be observed first with the emergence of sub-disciplines incorporated into historiographic practice -economic, social, demographic history, for example, or historical sociology- and then with the thematic fields that relate to current history as the newest stage. The review concludes by outlining how this practice has been undertaken in Mexico in recent decades.Se abordan las condiciones que explican la evolución de la práctica disciplinaria de la historia en México a lo largo del siglo XX. Esta revisión permite advertir que dicha práctica es el resultado de un contexto político, nacional e internacional, y de procesos históricos que definimos como la contemporaneidad. Esta, a su vez, refleja la forma en que las disciplinas abocadas a su estudio se despliegan perfilando una colaboración inter y transdisciplinaria (hibridación). Este proceso se observa con el surgimiento, en primer lugar, de subdisciplinas incorporadas a la práctica historiográfica -historia económica, social, demográfica, por ejemplo, o sociología histórica- y, en segundo lugar, de campos temáticos que se relacionan con la historia del presente como la etapa más novedosa. Se termina haciendo un recuento de la práctica de esta en México en las últimas décadas

Motivation and labor satisfaction in education's centers according to the working place

El objetivo de esta investigación es mostrar el impacto que determina un puesto de trabajo concreto en la motivación de incentivos y la satisfacción laboral en centros de enseñanza de Granada. Por un lado, la motivación laboral se entiende como un proceso que activa, orienta, dinamiza y mantiene la conducta de los trabajadores para conseguir una meta. Por otro lado, la satisfacción laboral se entiende como la actitud que mantiene el individuo hacia su trabajo. De acuerdo con esto, se intentará establecer qué puesto de trabajo dentro de la jerarquía implica una mayor motivación y satisfacción laboral.The objective of this research is to show the impact that determines a concrete working place in the incentives motivation and the labor satisfaction in education’s centers in Granada. On the one hand, the labor motivation is understood as a process that activates, ori entates, stirs into action and supports the conduct of workers to obtain a goal. On the other hand, the labor satisfaction is understood as the attitude that the individual supports towards his work. In agreement with this, one will try to establish what working place inside the hierarchy implies a major motivation and labor satisfaction.ReiDoCrea. Departamento de Psicología Social. Universidad de Granada

A model of neuroinflammation and demyelination by intracerebroventricular injection of microbial neuraminidase

Comunicación en forma de poster al congresoNeuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens, which cleaves terminal sialic acid from carbohydrate chains, was injected in the lateral ventricle of rats. It diffused in the ipsilateral ventricle, the third ventricle, and also towards the periventricular brain parenchyma. Soon after, the complement system activated, and some ependymal cells detached and died. In the affected zones, there was an increased expression of GFAP in astrocytes, IBA1 in microglia, and ICAM1 in the endothelial cells of blood vessels. Cytokines, such as IL1β secreted by activated macrophages and microglia, provoked the extravasation of leucocytes from about 4 h post-injection. The main sources of cells were large venules located in the choroid plexus, the meninges and the subependyma around the foramen interventricularis. Invading cells arrived orderly: first neutrophils, then macrophage-monocytes, and last lymphocytes (mainly CD8α-positive T-lymphocytes). Leucocytes invaded the ventricle and the meninges, and also penetrated the brain parenchyma, sometimes passing through the ependyma and the glia limitans. As a result, some myelinated tracts suffered vacuolar degeneration, being the stria medullaris consistently affected. Oligodendrocytes in the damaged tracts were not affected. Vacuolated myelin recovered with time. Thus, the intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase may represent a novel reversible animal model to study experimental neuroinflammation and myelin vacuolization.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, SAF2010-19087; Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Sanidad, SAS 08-0029; Junta de Andalucía, Proyecto de excelencia P-11-CVI-07637

FIVELAB: Laboratorio virtual de Fisiología Vegetal a través de la plataforma MOODLE

FiVeLab es un proyecto de innovación docente que incorpora el laboratorio virtual como herramienta básica para el aprendizaje online. Se propone la virtualización de las prácticas de Fisiología Vegetal en Moodle mediante vídeos, códigos QR y gamificación con Socrative. El objetivo fundamental de FiVeLab se enmarca en la modernización de las técnicas pedagógicas y adquisición de competencias digitales por parte del profesorado universitario de la unidad docente de Fisiología Vegetal y supone la consolidación de los recursos educativos virtuales en la metodología de enseñanza de un laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal dentro de los estudios de Grado de la Facultad de Biología de la UCM. La plataforma virtual utilizada es el entorno Moodle que ofrece herramientas que nos permitirán virtualizar las prácticas de laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal mediante la edición de vídeos, manuales y guion de prácticas con códigos QR que permiten redirigir al alumno a los distintos vídeos elaborados y cuestionarios de autoevaluación referidos a estas prácticas

EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems

Creative thinking is necessary to generate novel ideas and solve problems."EstuPlan" is a methodology in which knowledge and creativity converge for the resolution of scientific problems with social projection. It is a training programme that integrates teachers, laboratory technicians and PhD students, master and undergraduate students which form working groups for the development of projects. Projects have a broad and essential scope and projection in terms of environmental problems, sustainable use of natural resources, food, health, biotechnology or biomedicine. The results show the success of this significant learning methodology using tools to develop creativity in responding to scientific and social demand for problem-solving to transfer academic knowledge to different professional environments. Bioplastics, Second Life of Coffee, LimBio, Algae oils, Ecomers, Caring for the life of your crop and Hate to Deforestate are currently being developed

Allergen sensitization linked to climate and age, not to intermittent-persistent rhinitis in a cross-sectional cohort study in the (sub)tropics

Background: Allergen exposure leads to allergen sensitization in susceptible individuals and this might influence allergic rhinitis (AR) phenotype expression. We investigated whether sensitization patterns vary in a country with subtropical and tropical regions and if sensitization patterns relate to AR phenotypes or age. Methods: In a national, cross-sectional study AR patients (2-70 y) seen by allergists underwent blinded skin prick testing with a panel of 18 allergens and completed a validated questionnaire on AR phenotypes. Results: 628 patients were recruited. The major sensitizing allergen was house dust mite (HDM) (56%), followed by Bermuda grass (26%), ash (24%), oak (23%) and mesquite (21%) pollen, cat (22%) and cockroach (21%). Patients living in the tropical region were almost exclusively sensitized to HDM (87%). In the central agricultural zones sensitization is primarily to grass and tree pollen. Nationwide, most study subjects had perennial (82.2%), intermittent (56.5%) and moderate-severe (84.7%) AR. Sensitization was not related to the intermittent-persistent AR classification or to AR severity; seasonal AR was associated with tree (p < 0.05) and grass pollen sensitization (p < 0.01). HDM sensitization was more frequent in children (0-11 y) and adolescents (12-17 y) (subtropical region: p < 0.0005; tropical region p < 0.05), but pollen sensitization becomes more important in the adult patients visiting allergists (Adults vs children + adolescents for tree pollen: p < 0.0001, weeds: p < 0.0005). Conclusions: In a country with (sub)tropical climate zones SPT sensitization patterns varied according to climatological zones; they were different from those found in Europe, HDM sensitization far outweighing pollen allergies and Bermuda grass and Ash pollen being the main grass and tree allergens, respectively. Pollen sensitization was related to SAR, but no relation between sensitization and intermittent-persistent AR or AR severity could be detected. Sensitization patterns vary with age (child HDM, adult pollen). Clinical implications of our findings are dual: only a few allergens –some region specific- cover the majority of sensitizations in (sub)tropical climate zones. This is of major importance for allergen manufacturers and immunotherapy planning. Secondly, patient selection in clinical trials should be based on the intermittent-persistent and severity classifications, rather than on the seasonal-perennial AR subtypes, especially when conducted in (sub)tropical countries

Registro Español de Trasplante Cardiaco. XXXI Informe Oficial de la Asociación de Insuficiencia Cardiaca de la Sociedad Española de Cardiología

Introducción y objetivos Se presentan las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en España con la actualización correspondiente a 2019. Métodos Se describen las características clínicas y los resultados de los trasplantes cardiacos realizados en 2019, así como las tendencias de estos en el periodo 2010-2018. Resultados En 2019 se realizaron 300 trasplantes (8.794 desde 1984; 2.745 entre 2010 y 2019). Respecto a años previos, los cambios más llamativos son el descenso hasta el 38% de los trasplantes realizados en código urgente, y la consolidación en el cambio de asistencia circulatoria pretrasplante, con la práctica desaparición del balón de contrapulsación (0, 7%), la estabilización del uso del oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana (9, 6%) y el aumento de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular (29%). La supervivencia en el trienio 2016-2018 es similar a la del trienio 2013-2015 (p = 0, 34), y ambas mejores que la del trienio 2010-2012 (p = 0, 002 y p = 0, 01 respectivamente). Conclusiones Se mantienen estables tanto la actividad del trasplante cardiaco en España como los resultados en supervivencia en los últimos 2 trienios. Hay una tendencia a realizar menos trasplantes urgentes, la mayoría con dispositivos de asistencia ventricular. Introduction and objectives: The present report describes the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants in Spain and updates the data to 2019. Methods: We describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of heart transplants performed in Spain in 2019, as well as trends in this procedure from 2010 to 2018. Results: In 2019, 300 transplants were performed (8794 since 1984; 2745 between 2010 and 2019). Compared with previous years, the most notable findings were the decreasing rate of urgent transplants (38%), and the consolidation of the type of circulatory support prior to transplant, with an almost complete disappearance of counterpulsation balloon (0.7%), stabilization in the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (9.6%), and an increase in the use of ventricular assist devices (29.0%). Survival from 2016 to 2018 was similar to that from 2013 to 2015 (P = .34). Survival in both these periods was better than that from 2010 to 2012 (P = .002 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusions: Heart transplant activity has remained stable during the last few years, as have outcomes (in terms of survival). There has been a trend to a lower rate of urgent transplants and to a higher use of ventricular assist devices prior to transplant

EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems

[EN] Creative thinking is necessary to generate novel ideas and solve problems. "EstuPlan" is a methodology in which knowledge and creativity converge for the resolution of scientific problems with social projection. It is a training programme that integrates teachers, laboratory technicians and PhD students, master and undergraduate students which form working groups for the development of projects. Projects have a broad and essential scope and projection in terms of environmental problems, sustainable use of natural resources, food, health, biotechnology or biomedicine. The results show the success of this significant learning methodology using tools to develop creativity in responding to scientific and social demand for problem-solving to transfer academic knowledge to different professional environments. Bioplastics, Second Life of Coffee, LimBio, Algae oils, Ecomers, Caring for the life of your crop and Hate to Deforestate are currently being developed.Astudillo Calderón, S.; De Díez De La Torre, L.; García Companys, M.; Ortega Pérez, N.; Rodríguez Martínez, V.; Alzahrani, S.; Alonso Valenzuela, R.... (2019). EstuPlan: Methodology for the development of creativity in the resolution of scientific and social problems. En HEAD'19. 5th International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 711-717. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAD19.2019.9205OCS71171