Implementación de un protocolo de encaminamiento geográfico en una red de sensores inalámbricos

En este proyecto fin de carrera se desarrolla una pila de protocolos basada en encaminamiento geográfico para una red de sensores inalámbricos IEEE 802.15.4. Las redes de sensores inalámbricos están limitadas en recursos y consumo de energía. Para mitigar estos inconvenientes, debe optimizarse el envío de mensajes entre los distintos nodos que forman la red. Para ello, se utilizan protocolos de encaminamiento geográfico específicos. El objetivo de este proyecto es implementar un protocolo de encaminamiento geográfico, Greedy Forwarding, que optimice el envío de mensajes entre los nodos, disminuyendo la utilización de recursos de memoria y ancho de banda y el consumo de energía. El encaminamiento geográfico se realiza a nivel de red. Para el nivel de aplicación, se ha implementado una aplicación de ejemplo para evaluar el correcto funcionamiento del encaminamiento geográfico de forma sencilla. Se utilizan las capas física y de enlace definidas en el estándar IEEE 802.15.4, que permiten la comunicación entre los dispositivos de una red inalámbrica. Por último, se ha desplegado una red de sensores inalámbricos real para comprobar el correcto funcionamiento del protocolo de encaminamiento geográfico implementado. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________In this final project a protocol stack based on geographic routing is developed for an IEEE 802.15.4 wireless sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are limited in resources and power consumption. To mitigate these drawbacks, messages sending between different nodes in the network must be optimized. In order to do this, specific geographic routing protocols are used. The aim of this project is to implement a geographic routing protocol, Greedy Forwarding, to optimize messages sending between nodes, reducing use of memory and bandwidth resources and power consumption. Geographic routing is done at network layer. For application layer, an example application has been implemented to evaluate the correct operation of the geographic routing easily. Physical and link layers defined in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard are used to allow communication between the wireless network devices. Finally, a real wireless sensor network has been deployed to check the correct operation of the implemented geographic routing protocol.Ingeniería Técnica en Sistemas de Telecomunicació

PREVALENCIA DE CONSUMO DE ALCOHOL Y TABACO EN HABITANTES DE LA URBANIZACIÓN MANTA BEACH. MANABI, 2017

PDFLa presente tesis describe y trata de cuantificar un problema que afecta a la Salud y desarrollo del ser humano, cuyo objetivo general fue Caracterizar la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y tabaco en la urbanización Manta Beach. Manabí. Se aplicó una encuesta a personas, de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años. El tipo de estudio se enmarcó en el paradigma positivista de la Ciencia, es cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, observacional descriptivo. La muestra fue no probabilística a conveniencia (n= 140). Los test aplicados fueron el Test de criterios del DSM – V para medir consumo de alcohol y el Cuestionario C4 para la Clasificación de Consumidores de Cigarrillo. Para el tratamiento estadístico se usó el programa SPSSV20, se realizó el análisis de frecuencias y representación de los datos mediante tablas y gráficos. Para las variables cuantitativas se determinó medidas de tendencia central y de dispersión como la media y desviación estándar. Se encontró que la edad se ubicó entre un mínimo de 18 años y un máximo de 45 años y una media de 27 años, la desviación estándar fue del 6,88; el género masculino representó el 88,6%; el estado civil casado fue del 37,9%; el nivel de estudio primario fue el 42,1%; la etnia mestiza del 63,6%; la prevalencia de consumo de tabaco fue del 62,1%, con un nivel de consumo alto y del alcohol fue el 96,4% predominando el nivel graveThis thesis describes and tries to quantify a problem that affects the health and development of human beings, which general objective was to characterize the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco consumption in ¨Urbanizacion Manta Beach¨. A survey was conducted and it targeted people from both sexes and older than 18 years old. The type of study was framed in the positive paradigm of Science, it is quantitative of non-experimental design, descriptive observational. The sample was non-probabilistic to convenience (n = 140). The tests applied were the DSM-V Diagnostic Criteria in order to measure the consumption of alcohol and the C4 questionnaire for the Classification of Cigarette Consumers. Regarding the statistic procedures, the program SPSSV20 was used, the analysis of frequency and representation of data by means of tables and graphics was done. For the quantitative variables, it was determined central tendency and dispersion measures as the media and the standard deviation. It was found that the minimum age was 18, the maximum age was 45 and the media was 27 years old, the standard deviation was 6,88 %; men represented 88,6 %; married people 37,9 %; primary level of education was 42,1%; mixed-race ethnic group was 63,6%; the prevalence on tobacco consumption was 62,1%, with a high level of consumption and the prevalence on alcohol consumption was 96,4% at high level

Thermal behavior of graphene oxide deposited on 3D-printed polylactic acid for photothermal therapy: an experimental–numerical analysis

The present work evaluates the thermal behavior of graphene oxide (GO) when deposited on 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA), in order to develop a medical device for photothermal therapy applications. An experimental–numerical analysis was performed to assess the photothermal conversion capacity, based on the power emitted by a NIR (785 nm) laser, and the subsequent temperature distribution on the GO-PLA material. The influence of the deposited mass of GO and the PLA thickness was studied through 40 different scenarios. The results estimated a value of photothermal conversion efficiency of up to 32.6%, achieved for the lower laser power density that was tested (0.335 mW/mm²), and a high mass value of deposited GO (1.024 × 10−3 mg/mm²). In fact, an optimal mass of GO in the range of 1.024–2.048 × 10−3 mg/mm2 is proposed, in terms of absorption capacity, since a higher mass of GO would not increase the conversion efficiency. Moreover, the study allowed for an estimation of the thermal conductivity of this specific biomaterial (0.064 W/m·K), and proved that a proper combination of GO mass, PLA thickness, and laser power can induce ablative (>60 °C, in a concentrated area), moderate (50 °C), and mild (43 °C) hyperthermia on the bottom face of the biomaterial.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. PID 2020-115415RB-100Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431C 2021/4

Current Stage of Marine Ceramic Grafts for 3D Bone Tissue Regeneration

Bioceramic scaffolds are crucial in tissue engineering for bone regeneration. They usually provide hierarchical porosity, bioactivity, and mechanical support supplying osteoconductive properties and allowing for 3D cell culture. In the case of age-related diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis, or other bone alterations as alveolar bone resorption or spinal fractures, functional tissue recovery usually requires the use of grafts. These bone grafts or bone void fillers are usually based on porous calcium phosphate grains which, once disposed into the bone defect, act as scaffolds by incorporating, to their own porosity, the intergranular one. Despite their routine use in traumatology and dental applications, specific graft requirements such as osteoinductivity or balanced dissolution rate are still not completely fulfilled. Marine origin bioceramics research opens the possibility to find new sources of bone grafts given the wide diversity of marine materials still largely unexplored. The interest in this field has also been urged by the limitations of synthetic or mammalian-derived grafts already in use and broadly investigated. The present review covers the current stage of major marine origin bioceramic grafts for bone tissue regeneration and their promising properties. Both products already available on the market and those in preclinical phases are included. To understand their clear contribution to the field, the main clinical requirements and the current available biological-derived ceramic grafts with their advantages and limitations have been collected.This research was partially supported by the European Union projects 0245_IBEROS_1_E and 0302_CVMAR_I_1_P, both from Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal (POCTEP 2015) and BLUEHUMAN EAPA_151/2016 from INTERREG Atlantic Area, European Regional Development Fund. Moreover, regional funds from Competitive Reference Groups (GRC) ED431C 2016/008 and ED431C 2017_51 and Research networks ED431D 2017/13 both from Xunta de Galicia (Spain) are also acknowledged. P. Diaz-Rodriguez and M. López-Alvarez are thankful for the funding support provided by 0245_IBEROS_1_E from EU Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal (POCTEP) project 2017/13 both from Xunta de Galicia (Spain) are also acknowledged. P. Diaz-Rodriguez and M. López-Alvarez are thankful for the funding support provided by 0245_IBEROS_1_E from EU Interreg V-A Spain-Portugal (POCTEP) project.S

Piezochromic properties of pyridil divinyl anthracene derivatives: a joint Raman and DFT study

Piezochromic materials, which show color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, are of great interest from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and optical-recording systems.[1] It has been recently discovered solid-state fluorescence properties and piezochromic luminescence in a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n-(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl)anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1.[2] The crystal structures indicate that the three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl exhibit different molecular packing modes. In this work, we aim at providing further insight into the interplay played by the molecular and supramolecular structural changes and the luminescence changes observed under pressure by using a combined experimental-theoretical approach that links Raman spectroscopy with DFT calculations.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Investigating Piezochromic Properties of πconjugated Materials: a combined Raman and DFT Study

Π-conjugated materials have been studied for decades due to their great interest in organic electronics. Among them, piezochromic materials, which exhibit color changes resulting from external pressure or mechanical grinding, become very attractive from a scientific viewpoint owing to their potential applications as pressure-sensing and opticalrecording systems1. The main target of the present work is to develop a joint experimental and theoretical approach able to deliver crucial information for the understanding of the structural effects causing piezochromic changes. To this end, we will focus our attention on two families of -conjugated materials with potential application as sensors. The first one is a family of 9,10-Bis((E)-n(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl) anthracene, BPnVA (n=2 orto-,3 metha- and 4 para-) compounds, see Figure 1. Interestingly, these three compounds with varying position of the nitrogen on the external pyridyl group exhibit different molecular packing modes. Grinding and the application of external pressure on the powder also led to a strong change in their photoluminescence color.2 The second familiy is based on the N,N’-Bis-Boc-3,3’-di(pyren-1yl)-2,2’-biindole compound (compound 1c in Figure 1) which also shows photoluminescence under pressure application. However, the molecular packing induced by this phenomenon is still under study 3. In both cases, it will be also very interesting to determine how temperature affects the vibrational structure of these systems.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Innovación docente en la Universidad de León

[ES] La educación superior necesita adaptarse constantemente a un entorno cambiante y dinámico que demanda una constante evolución en la forma de entender el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, y es en este contexto que surge la innovación docente como un elemento clave para asegurar la calidad y el progreso de la educación superior y, por lo tanto, el éxito académico y profesional de los estudiantes. En este sentido, las instituciones de educación superior se enfrentan a desafíos cada vez mayores en la preparación de los estudiantes para un constante y acelerado cambio en la sociedad, la economía y la tecnología. Por otro lado, la rápida expansión del conocimiento, la interconexión digital, la globalización, la diversidad cultural y las demandas de habilidades específicas en el mercado laboral, requieren respuestas innovadoras por parte de las instituciones educativas y de los docentes, ya que continuar con métodos tradicionales no es suficiente para preparar a los estudiantes de manera integral. De ahí la importancia de la innovación docente, ya que una de sus características principales es su capacidad para adaptarse a las cambiantes demandas y expectativas de los estudiantes, así como a las evoluciones en la sociedad y la tecnologí

The effects of migration on parenting: voices of Latin American families in the Canary Islands

Introducción. El estudio explora cambios producidos en el ejercicio parental percibidos por las familias latinoamericanas tras la migración a Canarias. Se parte de una perspectiva ecológica-sistémica y de los modelos teóricos sistémicos de la aculturación por ser enfoques claves en la comprensión del fenómeno. Metodología. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa. Se realizaron tres grupos de entrevistas en profundidad a nueve padres y madres migrantes con al menos un hijo/a menor de doce años residiendo con ellos en Canarias, procedentes de Cuba, Venezuela y Colombia, usuarios/as de servicios comunitarios (ONG y Servicios Sociales de base) de Tenerife. Resultados. Los resultados han revelado la presencia de tres constructos principales en el discurso: la familia, los sistemas formales de apoyo y el ajuste cultural divididos en once temas. En la familia, se destacan diferencias en las pautas educativas, considerándose estrictos y rígidos en la educación de sus hijos/as, problemas de conciliación de la vida laboral y familiar, desempleo, precariedad económica y vivienda, necesidad de regular su situación administrativa, falta de apoyos informales (e.g. de la familia extensa) y la resiliencia familiar adquirida tras la migración. En los apoyos formales de sanidad, educación, servicios sociales y comunitarios perciben barreras de acceso, pero buena calidad en la atención tanto para ellos como para sus hijos e hijas. Finalmente, se ha constatado el choque cultural en las figuras parentales, la socialización bicultural en los hijos e hijas y la sensación de seguridad del entorno en el país de acogida. Discusión. Se manifiesta en el discurso la relación de interdependencia e influencia bidireccional que existe entre los sistemas y el proceso de aculturación. Se confirma que la experiencia migratoria produce modificaciones en el sistema familiar, la relevancia de las redes apoyos institucionales en su bienestar social y los ajustes culturales de los progenitores como de sus hijos/as para la adaptación de ambas culturas. Conclusiones. Se destacan cambios en el ejercicio parental en los distintos sistemas tras la migración, la necesidad de mejoras en la implicación institucional y el apoyo profesional a las familias migrantes en su función parental tras experimentar un proceso migratorio, destacándose para ello el papel fundamental del Trabajo Social.Introduction. The present study explores the changes in the exercise of parenting perceived by Latin American families after having migrated to the Canary Islands. An ecological-systemic perspective and systemic theoretical models of acculturation were adopted since such they are key to approach and understand the phenomenon. Methodology. The methodology was qualitative. Three sets of in-depth interviews were conducted with nine migrant parents from Cuba, Venezuela and Colombia and who were users of community services (NGO and Social Services) in Tenerife. Results. Three main constructs were found in the discourse: the family, the formal support systems, and cultural adjustment, divided into eleven themes. The family construct notably included: differences in educational guidelines – the their children’s education was considered strict and rigid –; work-life balance problems; unemployment; economic and housing precariousness; the need to regulate their administrative situation; a lack of informal support; and lastly, family resilience acquired after migration. The participants perceived barriers of access to services, though they acknowledged the good quality of care received in formal health, education, social and community services. Finally, the following factors were worthy of note: cultural shock, the children’s bicultural socialisation, and the safety of the environment. Discussion. The participants’ discourse clearly revealed a relation of interdependence and bidirectional influence between the systems and their acculturation. The migratory experience was confirmed to produce modifications in the family system. We also verified that institutional support networks played a relevant role in their social well-being and that parents and their children had to make cultural adjustments to adapt to both cultures. Conclusions. Following the migration, changes occurred in the exercise of parenting in the different systems. Improvements need to be made to institutional interventions as well as the professional support provided to migrant families’ parenting following their migration. Worthy of note, Social Work plays an essential role in this domain.Trabajo cofinanciado por la Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información de la Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento y Empleo y por el Fondo Social Europeo (FSE), Programa Operativo Integrado de Canarias 2014-2020, Eje 3 Tema Prioritario 74 (85%)

Review article laser-induced hyperthermia on graphene oxide composites

Background: Hyperthermia-based therapies have shown great potential for clinical applications such as for the antitumor and antipathogenic activities. Within all strategies, the so-called photothermal therapy proposes to induce the hyperthermia by the remote laser radiation on a photothermal conversion agent, in contact with the target tissue. Methods: This paper reviews the most relevant in vitro and in vivo studies focused on NIR laser-induced hyperthermia due to photoexcitation of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Relevant parameters such as the amount of GO/rGO, the influence of the laser wavelength and power density are considered. Moreover, the required temperature and exposure time for each antitumor/antipathogenic case are collected and unified in a thermal dose parameter: the CEM43. Results: The calculated CEM43 thermal doses revealed a great variability for the same type of tumor/strain. In order to detect potential tendencies, the values were classified into four ranges, varying from CEM4360ºC). Conclusions: The ability of GO/rGO as effective photothermal conversion agents to promote a controlled hyperthermia is proven. The variability found for the CEM43 thermal doses on the reviewed studies reveals the potentiality to evaluate, for each application, the use of lower temperatures, by modulating time and/or repetitions in the dosesMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España | Ref. BIOHEAT (PID 2020- 115415RB-100)Xunta de Galicia | Ref. GRC (ED431C 2021/49