Residuos de rodenticidas anticoagulantes de segunda generación en depredadores de Cataluña e Islas Baleares

Máster universitario en investigación basica y aplicada en recursos cinegéticos 2011-2012. Trabajo de Fin de Máster realizado en el Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos – IREC (CSIC-UCLM-JCCM) Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha.Se estudiaron rodenticidas anticoagulantes en hígados de 148 animales silvestres encontrados muertos en Cataluña e Islas Baleares, los cuales incluían 57 mamíferos y 91 aves. La especies analizadas han sido erizo moruno (Atelerix algirus, n=46), erizo europeo (Erinaceus europaeus, n=11), busardo ratonero (Buteo buteo, n=25), aguilucho lagunero (Circus aeruginosus, n=13), autillo europeo (Otus scops, n=25), lechuza común (Tyto alba, n=21) y cárabo común (Strix aluco, n=7). Se detectaron residuos de rodenticidas anticoagulantes de segunda generación (RASGs) en el 56,8% de los animales estudiados y el 13,5% superó el umbral considerado como causante de intoxicación (>200 ng ΣRASGs/g de hígado). Los RASGs identificados (% de aparición) fueron difenacoum (29,1%), bromadiolona (28,4%), brodifacoum (27,0%), flocumafen (13,5%) y difetialona (4,7%). En ambas Comunidades Autónomas se observó una amplia distribución de animales positivos. En el caso del autillo europeo, la presencia de RASGs fue más frecuente en Baleares (78,9%) que en Cataluña (16,7%), lo que puede estar relacionado con las diferencias migratorias de ambas poblaciones. Por otra parte, el erizo moruno de Baleares presentó con menor frecuencia RASGs (45,7%) que el erizo europeo de Cataluña (81,8%), lo que puede deberse a diferencias en la dieta entre estas especies. Las dos especies que acumularon concentraciones más elevadas de RASGs fueron el busardo ratonero y la lechuza común, teniendo el 36,0% y el 23,8% niveles asociados con intoxicación por RASGs, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran un importante riesgo para los depredadores asociado al uso de RASGs, por lo que sería necesario buscar alternativas a este tipo de plaguicidas persistentes que pueden ser acumulados por especies silvestres no diana.Gracias a la Fundación Carolina y a la UCLM que cofinanciaron mi beca.Peer Reviewe

Counteracting effects of soil biota on emergence and growth of herbaceous plants

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7972878Background Plants condition the biotic composition of their rhizosphere. In turn, this plant legacy on the soil biota may affect the performance of plants recruiting in their vicinity. Unravelling how plant-soil legacies drive plant recruitment is key to understand vegetation dynamics and plant community assembly. Studies on the topic usually focus on the effects of soil microbiota as a whole, while the relative role of different guilds of soil organisms in the plant recruitment processes is not usually dissected. Aims Here, we used soils of Mediterranean woody plant species to test whether arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and small-size microbiota (< 50 µm) (MB) affect the germination success and growth of eight herbaceous plants. Results We documented a significant increase in seedling emergence probability when small-sized MB was present and no effect of AMF. In contrast, the aboveground plant biomass decreased with the presence of MB and increased with that of AMF. Interestingly, those plants growing in the absence of MB and in soils from woody plants associated with higher AMF richness developed higher aboveground biomass. Conclusion This study brings new evidence on how soil microbial communities can determine the performance of their associated herb community, and also, how the effects of different microbial guilds may change across the plant ontogeny. Given these results, the differential effect of soil microbial functional guilds should be considered to better understand plant soil legacies and feedbacks, potentially driving plant recruitment and community assembly.Universidad de Jaén/CBUAThe Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MEC) throughout COEXMED II project (CGL2015-69118-C2-1-P)University of Jaén through Acción 9 programme.Project LifeWatch-SUMHAL-WP5 (LWE2103014) (5.1.7

The structure and ecological function of the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through multilayer networks

Arbuscular mycorrhizas are one of the most frequent mutualisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Although studies on plant mutualistic interaction networks suggest that they may leave their imprint on plant community structure and dynamics, this has not been explicitly assessed. Thus, in the context of plant-fungi interactions, studies explicitly linking plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction networks with key ecological functions of plant communities, such as recruitment, are lacking. 2. In this study, we analyse, in two Mediterranean forest communities of southern Iberian Peninsula, how plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) networks modulate plant-plant recruitment interaction networks. We use a new approach integrating plant-AMF and plant recruitment networks into a single multilayer structure. We also develop a new metric (Interlayer Node Neighbourhood Integration, INNI) to explore the impact of a given node on the structure across layers. 3. The similarity of plant species in their AMF communities is positively related to the observed frequency of recruitment interactions in the field. Results reveal that properties of plant-AMF networks, such as plant degree and centrality, can explain about the properties of plant recruitment network, such as in-and out-degree (i.e. sapling bank and canopy service) and its modular structure. However, these relationships differed between the two forest communities. Finally, we identify particular AMF that contribute to integrate the neighbourhood of recruitment interactions between plants. 4. This multilayer network approach is useful to explore the role of plant-AMF interactions on recruitment, a key ecosystem function enhanced by fungi. Results provide evidence that the complex structure of plant-AMF interactions impacts functional and structurally plant-plant interactions, which in turn may potentiallyMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación, Grant/ Award Number: CGL2015-69118- C2- 2- P and PGC2018-100966- B- I0

Archivos de Zootecnia. Informe Editorial 2010

The editorial process of Archivos de Zootecnia during 2010 is reported below. A total of 384 manuscripts were received from 33 countries, mainly from Brazil (66.9%). Consequently, the language most frequently used in the manuscripts was Portuguese, followed by Spanish and English. The mean time between submission and publication of a manuscript was 836.3 days. The rejection rate was 50.8%. In 2010, 49 articles, 21 short notes and 10 reviews (total 83) were published by authors coming from 15 countries.Se analiza el proceso editorial de Archivos de Zootecnia durante 2010. Se recibieron 384 manuscritos procedentes de 33 países, principalmente de Brasil (66,9%). Consecuentemente, el lenguaje más frecuentemente usado fue el portugués, seguido del español y el inglés. El tiempo medio entre recepción y publicación de un manuscrito fue elevado ( 836.3 dias). La tasa de rechazo fue del 50,8%. En 2010 fueron publicados 49 artículos, 21 notas breves y 10 revisiones (83 trabajos en total) cuyos autores pertenecían a 15 países diferentes

Archivos de Zootecnia: Informe Editorial 2008

The editorial process of Archivos de Zootecnia during 2008 is reported below. A total of 294 manuscripts were received from 24 countries mainly from Brazil (73%). Consequently, the language most frequently used in the manuscripts was Portuguese, followed by Spanish and English. The mean time between reception and publication of a manuscript was high (657 days). The rejection rate was 35.7%. In 2008, 42 articles, 30 short notes and 10 reviews (total 82) were published from 13 countries.Se revisa el proceso editorial de Archivos de Zootecnia durante 2008. Se recibieron 294 manuscritos procedentes de 24 países, principalmente de Brasil (73%). Consecuentemente, el primer idioma más utilizado fue el portugués seguido del español y el inglés. El tiempo medio entre recepción y publicación es elevado (657 días). La tasa de rechazo fue del 35,7%, publicándose 42 artículos, 30 notas breves y 10 revisiones bibliográficas, en total 82 contribuciones procedentes de 13 países

Archivos de Zootecnia. Informe Editorial 2009

The editorial process of Archivos de Zootecnia during 2009 is reported below. A total of 342 manuscripts were received from 24 countries, mainly from Brazil (75.8%). Consequently, the language most frequently used in the manuscripts was Portuguese, followed by Spanish and English. The mean time between submission and publication of a manuscript was 690.7 days. The rejection rate was 53.5%. In 2009, 44 articles, 72 short notes and 9 reviews (total 125) were published by authors from 29 countries. Se analiza el proceso editorial de Archivos de Zootecnia durante 2009. Se recibieron 342 manuscritos procedentes de 24 países, principalmente de Brasil (75,8%). Consecuentemente, el lenguaje más frecuentemente usado fue el portugués, seguido del español y el inglés. El tiempo medio entre recepción y publicación de un manuscrito fue elevado (690,7 dias). La tasa de rechazo fue del 53,5%. En 2009 fueron publicados 44 artículos, 72 notas breves y 9 revisiones (125 trabajos en total) cuyos autores pertenecían a 29 países diferentes

Plant Traits and Phylogeny Predict Soil Carbon and Nutrient Cycling in Mediterranean Mixed Forests

Soil functioning is closely linked to the interactions between biological communities with the physical environment. Yet, the impact of plant community attributes on metabolic processes promoting soil nutrient cycling remains largely unknown. We hypothesized that the plant community acts as a regulating agent of nutrient mobilization in soils according to the phylogenetic and morpho-functional traits of plant species of which it is composed. Rhizosphere soils were collected in autumn and spring under 32 tree and shrub species in two Mediterranean mixed forests (four plots in each) located in southern Spain, and nine soil enzymatic activities related to C, N and P mobilization were assessed. Phylogeny and morpho-functional traits of plant species were recorded and their imprint in soil enzymatic activities across forests was determined. The results showed a plant phylogenetic signal for N mobilization in both forests, while it varied across forests for non-labile C and P mobilization. The plant phylogenetic signals were primarily driven by lineages that diversified through the Miocene, about 25 Myr ago. In addition, leaf traits and plant’s mycorrhizal type explained soil enzymatic activities independently from phylogeny. C and P mobilization increased under ectomycorrhizal plants, whilst enhanced N mobilization did occur under arbuscular mycorrhizal ones. The plant community composition led to a different carbon and nutrient mobilization degree, which in turn was mediated by distinct microbial communities mirroring differentiated resource-acquisition strategies of plants. Our results highlight the role of plant traits and mycorrhizal interactions in modulating carbon and nutrient cycling in Mediterranean mixed forest soils.CRUE-CSIC Springer Natur

Survey on knowledge based methods to assist fault restoration in power distribution networks

Abstract. The motivation behind this paper is the many changes that happen in power distribution networks, theoretical developments, and their consequences on power distribution restoration. The stages of this process are defined with a focus on steps taken after the fault isolation. The final purpose of the operators is defined, as are the rules which must be strictly respected. Power quality issues are stressed. Moreover, recent techniques (metaheuristic and learning methods) are discussed. Heuristic rules also known as expert rules or knowledge based rules used in power restoration are outlined for their supportive role. Finally, a comparison of some selected papers is given. This enables to illustrate how the defined goals and changes in the network are reflected in recent literature. Our conclusion from the study of the state of the art is that there is still a lot of work to be done in developing novel techniques, integrating the goals and inserting the evolving features of power distribution networks