Habilidades Comunicativas en Niños Ciegos Desde Una Perspectiva Referencial Ecológica

The purpose of this study was to detect the differential communicative abilities that distinguishes the communicative exchange between blind and sighted couples, from a referential ecological framework. The sample was composed of 18 children (9 sighted and 9 blind) between 8 and 12 years old. Children were grouped by three conditions according to the vision level of couples (blind-blind; blind-sighted and sighted-sighted). The experimetal task used was the 'organization of a room' designed by Boada and Forns (in this monograph). The task was adapted to tridimensionality, and coded following their autors' instructions. Results suggest that blind children couples need to use more communicative skills to avoid communicative faillur and that they are less specific in he differentiation of emisor-receptor roles

A Systematic Review on the Implication of Minerals in the Onset, Severity and Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease with high prevalence in adults that leads to destruction of the teeth-supporting tissues. Periodontal therapy has been traditionally directed at reduction of the bacterial load to a level that encourages health-promoting bacteria and maintenance of oral-hygiene. The role of nutrition in different chronic inflammatory diseases has been the subject of an increasing body of research in the last decades. In this sense, there has been an important increase in the volume of research on role of nutrition in periodontitis since the diet has known effects on the immune system and inflammatory cascades. Minerals play a key role in all these processes due to the multiple pathways where they participate. To clarify the role of the different minerals in the establishment, progression and/or treatment of this pathology, a systemically review of published literature cited in PubMed until May 2016 was conducted, which included research on the relationship of these elements with the onset and progression of periodontal disease. Among all the minerals, calcium dietary intake seems important to maintain alveolar bone. Likewise, dietary proportions of minerals that may influence its metabolism also can be relevant. Lastly, some observations suggest that all those minerals with roles in immune and/or antioxidant systems should be considered in future research

Impactos Arizona SB 1070 sobre o Stress, de Fixação e de Escola Graus de Estudantes Americanos Mexicanos

Understanding the impacts of immigration legislation on Mexican ethnic students who are citizens of the United States is needed. This study investigates how passage of Arizona’s anti-immigration law, SB 1070, in 2010 bears upon the schooling experiences of Mexican American high school students. Applying Meyer’s Minority Stress Model as the theoretical foundation for this work, the authors ultimately explore, 1) whether perceived discrimination along with acculturation, racial phenotype, familiarity and stress associated with SB 1070 influence school grades, and 2) the effects of SB 1070 stress on the school attachment of Mexican American high school students. The authors find that perceived discrimination and skin color are both negatively related to grades, whereas maintaining Spanish is positively related to grades, and SB 1070 stress and its effects are dependent upon levels of perceived discrimination. Likewise, while the authors find no relation of SB 1070 stress to school attachment, they do find that this relationship is moderated by perceived discrimination such that school attachment decreases as stress associated with SB 1070 increases for individuals with lower perceived discrimination. For individuals with high levels of perceived discrimination, there is a positive association between school attachment and SB 1070 stress. By impacting their acculturative stress, Arizona’s SB 1070 has further upset an already precarious schooling experience for Mexican American students. Son necesarios estudios que comprendan los impactos de las leyes de inmigración sobre los estudiantes mexicanos que son ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos. Este estudio investiga cómo la ley anti-inmigrante de Arizona, SB 1070, en 2010 influye sobre las experiencias escolares de los estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria en los EEUU. Utilizando el Modelo de Estrés de Minorías de Meyer como el fundamento teórico de este trabajo, los autores exploran, 1) si la percepción de discriminación junto con la aculturación, fenotipo racial, familiaridad y el estrés asociado con la SB 1070 afectan las notas escolares y 2) los efectos de la ley SB 1070 en el apego hacia la escuela de los estudiantes mexicanos de secundaria estadounidenses. Los autores encuentran que la discriminación percibida y color de la piel se relacionan negativamente con las notas, mientras que el mantenimiento de Español está positivamente relacionada con los notas, y el estrés y los efectos de la SB 1070 dependen de los niveles de discriminación percibida. Del mismo modo, mientras que los autores no encuentran relación entre estrés de la SB 1070 y el apego a la escuela, encuentran que esta relación es moderada por la discriminación percibida y que el apego escolar disminuye a medida que el estrés asociado con la SB 1070 aumenta para los individuos con menor percepción de discriminación. Para las personas con altos niveles de discriminación, hay una asociación positiva entre el apego escolar y SB 1070 estrés. Impactando el estrés por aculturación, SB 1070 de Arizona genera una experiencia escolar aún más incomoda a la ya precaria experiencia de los estudiantes mexicoamericanos.São necessários estudos para entender os impactos das leis de imigração sobre os estudantes mexicanos que são cidadãos dos Estados Unidos. Este estudo investiga como a lei anti-imigrante Arizona SB 1070 de 2010 influenciou as experiências escolares dos alunos do ensino médio mexicanos dos EUA. Usando o Modelo Estresse de Minorias do Meyer como  fundamentação teórica, os autores exploram 1) se a percepção de discriminação, aculturação, fenótipo racial, familiaridade e estresse associado com a SB 1070 afeta as notas escolares e 2) os efeitos da SB 1070 sobre o apego à escola de estudantes mexicanos do ensino médio americano. Os autores descobriram que a discriminação percebida e cor da pele se relacionam negativamente com as notas, manter o espanhol se relaciona positivamente com as notas, e estresse e os efeitos da SB 1070 dependerá dos níveis de discriminação percebida. Da mesma forma, enquanto os autores não encontraram nenhuma relação entre o estresse do SB 1070 e apego à escola, eles acham que essa relação é moderada por a percepção de discriminação e o apego escolar diminui à medida que o estresse associado com a SB 1070 aumenta para os indivíduos com menor percepção de discriminação. Para as pessoas com altos níveis de discriminação, há uma associação positiva entre o apego escolar e o stress da SB 1070. Impactando os níveis de estresse e aculturação, a lei Arizona SB 1070 cria uma experiência escolar ainda mais desconfortável para a já precária experiência dos estudantes americanos mexicanos

Polar Diels-Alder Reactions using Heterocycles as Electrophiles. Influence of Microwave Irradiation

In this work we studied a series of polar Diels-Alder reactions using different heterocycles derivatives acting as electrophiles joint to dienes of different nucleophilicity, analyzing the effect of the microwave irradiation in these processes. We employ the technique in two conditions: benzene as solvent and solvent free reactions. The last one presents the better yield in shorter time of reaction. Using microwave heating the aromatic cycloadducts are clearly predominant. It is possible to demonstrate that the microwave irradiation has a better influence on these cycloaddition reactions respect to those developed in thermal classical conditions.Fil: Kneeteman, Maria Nelida. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: López Baena, Anna Francesca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Della Rosa, Claudia Daniela. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; ArgentinaFil: Mancini, Pedro Maximo Emilio. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Language instruction educational programs and academic achievement of Latino English Learners: Considerations for states with changing demographics

Little research currently examines language instruction educational programs (LIEPs) in states with a more recent growth of the Latino English learner population. To meet this need, the authors examined the content each of the state LIEPs, focusing chiefly on the extent to which the types of language support, as well as the stipulations associated with them, are made explicit. Using US Census data from 1970 and 2009, the authors assessed LIEPs in the context of Latino population patterns and examined the relationship between the degree to which state LIEPs emphasize bilingual education and fourth-grade Latino English learners’ achievement patterns in reading, mathematics, and science achievement on the 2009 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) for all 50 US states and the District of Columbia. Latino English learners in states with a higher proportion of Latinos tend to have higher achievement outcomes when policies emphasize bilingual education, but these states also have a longer history of Latino presence. Implications for high-growth states are discussed

Sound event localization and detection based on crnn using rectangular filters and channel rotation data augmentation

Sound Event Localization and Detection refers to the problem of identifying the presence of independent or temporally-overlapped sound sources, correctly identifying to which sound class it belongs, estimating their spatial directions while they are active. In the last years, neural networks have become the prevailing method for sound Event Localization and Detection task, with convolutional recurrent neural networks being among the most used systems. This paper presents a system submitted to the Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events 2020 Challenge Task 3. The algorithm consists of a convolutional recurrent neural network using rectangular filters, specialized in recognizing significant spectral features related to the task. In order to further improve the score and to generalize the system performance to unseen data, the training dataset size has been increased using data augmentation. The technique used for that is based on channel rotations and reflection on the xy plane in the First Order Ambisonic domain, which allows improving Direction of Arrival labels keeping the physical relationships between channels. Evaluation results on the development dataset show that the proposed system outperforms the baseline results, considerably improving Error Rate and F-score for location-aware detection

Propuesta de Plan de manejo de área protegida "Cerro Chile" ubicado en el Municipio del El Coral, Chontales 2014

Las áreas protegidas son espacios creados por la sociedad en su conjunto, articulando esfuerzos que garanticen la vida en condiciones de bienestar, es decir la conservación de la biodiversidad así como el mantenimiento de los procesos ecológicos necesarios para su preservación y el desarrollo del ser humano. Esta es una propuesta del Plan de Manejo del Cerro el Chile, categorizándolo como Reserva Natural. Los recursos naturales que se pueden encontrar en el área son de vital importancia para la población, el vital líquido que el Municipio toma diariamente es suministrado de esta zona. En el área se encontraron especies de Fauna que bajo los estatutos de la UICN se encuentran en la lista roja en peligro de extinción. Se proponen alternativas de conservación de recursos con el objetivo de administrar y beneficiarse de ellos sin causar alteraciones al equilibrio ecológico. Está constituido por programas de manejo de Conservación de Recursos Naturales, Investigación Científica, Educación Ambiental y Ecoturismo y sub programas como vigilancia y control y manejo de recurso hídric

NEPC Review: A Meta-Analysis of the Literature on the Effect of Charter Schools on Student Achievement

This report attempts to examine whether charter schools have a positive effect on student achievement. From a review of 52 studies that the authors considered superior (40 of them used in an earlier report),it finds charters are serving students well, particularly in math. This conclusion is overstated; the actual results are not positive in reading and are not significant in high school math; for elementary and middle school math, effect sizes are very small, ranging from 0.03 to 0.08 s.d. The report does a solid job describing the methodological limitations of the studies reviewed, then seemingly forgets those limits in the analysis. For example, the authors include lottery-based studies, considering them akin to random assignment, but lotteries only exist in charter schools that are much more popular than the comparison public schools from which students are drawn. This limits the study&rsquo;s usefulness in broad comparisons of all charters versus public schools. The report also seeks to examine whether the effects of charter schools have changed over time. Despite finding no change, the authors inexplicably assert that there is a positive trend. Claims of positive effects when they are not statistically significant, exaggeration of the magnitude of effects, reliance on simple vote-counts from a selected sample of studies, and unwarranted extrapolation of the available evidence to assert the effectiveness of charter schools further render the report of little value for informing policy and practice.</p