Sites géologiques touristiques en Abitibi-Témiscamigue

Les Cahiers présentent ici les résultats d'un projet de recherche conduit par un groupe d'étudiants du Collège de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingue au cours de l'été de 1983. Tout au long de ces quelque cent pages, les auteurs nous invitent à découvrir dix sites géologiques de la région, choisis pour leur beauté et l'intérêt qu'ils sauront susciter auprès des touristes. Des photos couleur, des cartes et des croquis viennent agrémenter un texte déjà très éclairant par lui-même, et le tout ainsi formé se présente comme une invitation à la découverte, un défi nouveau pour une nouvelle génération de touristes. «Sites géologiques touristiques en Abitibi-Témiscamingue» constitue donc une première pour le monde touristique régional et sans doute sera-t-il reçu comme une bouffée d'air frais dans les bureaux et kiosques des nombreuses associations vouées au développement du tourisme en Abitibi-Témiscamingue

Provider confidence in counseling preconception, pregnant, and postpartum patients regarding COVID‐19 vaccination: A cross‐sectional survey study

Background and Aims Healthcare provider counseling surrounding COVID‐19 vaccine in pregnancy and lactation is essential to vaccination uptake in this population; however, provider knowledge and confidence are not well characterized. We aimed to assess knowledge and confidence in COVID‐19 vaccine counseling among practitioners who provide care to pregnant persons and to describe factors associated with confidence in counseling. Methods A web‐based anonymous survey was distributed via email to a cross‐sectional convenience sample of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Primary Care, and Internal Medicine faculty at three hospitals in a single healthcare network in Massachusetts, United States. Individual demographics and institution‐specific variables were included in the survey along with questions assessing both attitudes toward COVID‐19 illness and confidence in counseling regarding the use of the vaccine in pregnancy. Results Almost all providers (151, 98.1%) reported that they received a COVID‐19 vaccine, and most (111, 72.1%) reported that they believe the benefits of the vaccine in pregnancy outweigh the risks. Forty‐one (26.6%) reported feeling very confident in counseling patients who primarily speak English about the evidence for messenger ribonucleic acid vaccination in pregnancy, and 36 (23%) reported feeling very confident in counseling patients who are not primarily English‐speaking. Forty‐three providers (28.1%) expressed strong confidence in their comfort talking to individuals with vaccine hesitancy based on historic and continued racism and systemic injustices. The sources that survey respondents most used to find information regarding COVID‐19 vaccination in pregnancy were the Centers for Disease Control (112, 74.2%), hospital‐specific resources (94, 62.3%), and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (82, 54.3%). Conclusion Ensuring that providers feel comfortable bridging the gap between their belief that the vaccine is beneficial for pregnant patients and their comfort with holding conversations with patients regarding vaccination is paramount to ensure equitable access to vaccines for pregnant patients

The interconnections between convective boundary layer growth, transport, and ozone during PROPHET 2000.

Wind profiler measurements of the CBL during the six-week measurement period conducted at UMBS as a part of the PROPHET research cooperative, were made to better understand the dynamics of the CBL and how transport influences the entrainment of anthropogenic emissions in a remote location. This study also utilizes a simple box model that, when initialized with chemical and meteorological measurements made at PROPHET, predicts the photochemical growth of ozone. Comparisons were made between measured ozone and photochemical ozone fluctuations of pre-entrainment surface-level air, along with CBL height, between 6-20 EDT. This type of comparative analysis was done for twelve case study days for northerly and southerly transport, and allowed for better differentiation as to the causes of ozone variation. Under southerly transport, there is a strong suggestion that ozone increases are largely due to the entrainment of transported pollutants by the growing CBL. In addition, findings did not support the hypothesis that low CBL height necessarily implies higher ozone values as suggested by Dye et al. (1998). Under northerly transport, it appears that the entrainment of clean air by the CBL does not affect ozone levels as much as photochemistry.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/54938/1/3379.pdfDescription of 3379.pdf : Access restricted to on-site users at the U-M Biological Station

Observed relationships between the El Nino-Southern Oscillation and the extratropical zonal-mean circulation

Northern Hemisphere (NH) with centers of action located near ∼25° and ∼45° during early and late boreal winter. Both structures are accompanied by eddy momentum flux anomalies that exhibit a remarkable degree of hemispheric symmetry. In the SH, the extratropical signature of ENSO projects strongly onto the primary mode of large-scale variability, the southern annular mode (SAM). During the austral summer, roughly 25% of the temporal variability in the SAM is linearly related to fluctuations in the ENSO cycle. An analogous relationship is not observed in association with the principal mode of climate variability in the NH, the northern annular mode (NAM). It is argued that the seasonally varying impact of ENSO on the extratropical circulation is consistent with the impact of the thermally forced subtropical wind anomalies on the dissipation of equatorward-propagating wave activity at subtropical latitudes

Sources of Subseasonal Skill and Predictability in Wintertime California Precipitation Forecasts

The relation between the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and California precipitation has been studied extensively and plays a prominent role in seasonal forecasting. However, a wide range of precipitation outcomes on seasonal time scales are possible, even during extreme ENSO states. Here, we investigate prediction skill and its origins on subseasonal time scales. Model predictions of California precipitation are examined using Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) reforecasts for the period 1999-2016, focusing on those from the Flow-Following Icosahedral Model (FIM). Two potential sources of subseasonal predictability are examined: the tropical Pacific Ocean and upper-level zonal winds near California. In both observations and forecasts, the Nino-3.4 index exhibits a weak and insignificant relationship with daily to monthly averages of California precipitation. Likewise, model tropical sea surface temperature and outgoing longwave radiation show only minimal relations with California precipitation forecasts, providing no evidence that flavors of El Nino or tropical modes substantially contribute to the success or failure of subseasonal forecasts. On the other hand, an index for upper-level zonal winds is strongly correlated with precipitation in observations and forecasts, across averaging windows and lead times. The wind index is related to ENSO, but the correlation between the wind index and precipitation remains even after accounting for ENSO phase. Intriguingly, the Nino-3.4 index and California precipitation show a slight but robust negative statistical relation after accounting for the wind index

Excessive Momentum and False Alarms in Late-Spring ENSO Forecasts

The unanticipated stalled El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evolution of 2014 raises questions about the reliability of the coupled models that were used for forecast guidance. Here we have analyzed the skill and reliability of forecasts of the Nino 3.4 tendency (3-month change) in the North American multimodel ensemble (1982-2018). We found that forecasts initialized April-June (AMJ) have "excessive momentum" in the sense that the forecast Nino 3.4 tendency is more likely to be a continuation of the prior observed conditions than it should be. Models tend to predict warming when initialized after observed warming conditions and cooling when initialized after observed cooling conditions. Excessive momentum appears in AMJ forecast busts and false alarms including the 2014 one. In some models, excessive momentum appears to be related to model formulation rather than initialization. A concerning trend is that four of the nine years with AMJ forecast busts occurred in the last decade

Defining El Nio indices in a warming climate

Extreme weather and climate events associated with El Nio and La Nia cause massive societal impacts. Therefore, observations and forecasts are used around the world to prepare for such events. However, global warming has caused warm El Nio events to seem bigger than they are, while cold La Nia events seem smaller, in the commonly used Nio3.4 index (sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over 5° S-5° N, 120-170° W). We propose a simple and elegant adjustment, defining a relative Nio3.4 index as the difference between the original SST anomaly and the anomaly over all tropical oceans (20° S-20° N). This relative index describes the onset of convection better, is not contaminated by global warming and can be monitored and forecast in real-time. We show that the relative Nio3.4 index is better in line with effects on rainfall and would be more useful for preparedness for El Nio and La Nia in a changing climate and for El Nio - Southern Oscillation research

State of the California Current, Spring 2008-2009: cold conditions drive regional differences in coastal production

This report describes the state of the California Surrent system (CCS) between the springs of 2008 and 2009 based on observations taken along the west coast of North America. the dominant forcing on the CCS during this time period were La Nina type conditions that prevailed from the summer of 2007 through early 2009, transitioning to neutral El Nino-Southern Oscillation conditions in the spring of 2009. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation index was negative during this time period and its values had not returned to normal by the spring of 2009. The general effects on the California Current system were stronger than normal southward winds and upselling as well as generally colder that normal SST and shallow nitraclines; however, there were regional differences. Off Baja California sea surface temperatures did not respond to the La Nina conditions; however, concentrations of chorophyll a (Chl a) were significantly above normal, probably due to the anomolously high upwelling off Baja during most of the year. Off southern California there was no clear evidence of increased promary or secondary production, despite observations that previous La Nina conditions affected mixed layer depth, temperatures, nutrients, and nitracline depths. In both central and northern California and Oregon, stronger than normal upwelling increased primary production and prevented potential spawning of sardine north of San Francisco. In central California the midwater fish community resembled that of recent cool years, and cover by kelp was much reduced along the coast. Off Oregon there was evidence of increased abundance of boreal copepods, although the neritic boreal species did not appear to extend as far south as central California. Current predictions are for cooler conditions to change to El Nino conditions by the end of 2009; these are expected to last through the Northern Hemisphere winter of 2009-10