Eksperimentasi Pendekatan Terbuka (Open Ended Approach) Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Segi Gender (Penelitian Pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Ngemplak)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pengaruh pendekatan Openended terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (2) pengaruh gender terhadap hasil belajar matematika, (3) interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran Open- ended dan gender terhadap hasil belajar matematika. Jenis penelitian ini berjenis eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Ngemplak Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015. Sampel dari penelitian ini, kelas VIIE sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan 36 siswa dan kelas VIIF sebagai kelas kontrol dengan 36 siswa. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik Cluster Sampling (Area Sampling). Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah metode tes dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan, analisis variansi dua jalan dengan sel sama yang sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas menggunakan metode Liliefors dan uji homogenitas menggunakan metode Bartlett. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) ada pengaruh pendekatan Open- ended terhadap hasil belajar siswa,dengan harga statistik uji > , yaitu 12,8 > 3,89. (2) tidak ada pengaruh gender terhadap hasil belajar siswa, dengan harga statistik uji < , yaitu 2,88< 3,98. (3) tidak ada interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran dan gender terhadap hasil belajar siswa, dengan harga statistik uji < , yaitu 0,014 < 3,98

The Use of Folic Acid in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Anemia

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as decreasing kidney function (GFR &lt; 60 ml/minute/1.73 m2 ) for more than 3 months. Anemia is a common complication of CKD due to a decrease in the hormone erythropoietin related to hemoglobin levels. One of the anemia therapies involves using folic acid. Folic acid helps the process of nucleoprotein synthesis and erythropoiesis maintenance. The objective of this study was to determine the pattern of folic acid applied to CKD patients with anemia at University of Muhammadiyah Malang General Hospital. Observational, descriptive, and retrospective data collection methods were used. The results showed that there were 17 patients (47%) with a single use of folic acid (3x1 mg, oral); the most common pattern of the two-combination was folic acid (3x1 mg, oral) and PRC (250 ml, intravenous [iv]), which was given to 11 patients (65%); and the most common pattern of threecombination was folic acid (3x1 mg, oral), Promavit® (3x1 tab, oral), and PRC (250 ml, iv), which was given to 2 patients or 100%. Of the 16 switch patterns, the most of common combination was a single pattern of folic acid (3x1 mg, oral) and a combination of folic acid (3x1 mg, oral) and PRC (250 ml, iv), given to 7 patients (44%). Keywords: folic acid, anemia, chronic kidney diseas

Furosemide Use in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Chronic kidney disease is defined as kidney disease occurring for more than three months and is characterized by a decreasing glomerular filtration rate, reaching below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Decreased kidney function can reduce the kidney’s capacity to excrete sodium. Excess extracellular fluid will cause hypertension, and lower and upper extremity edema. Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are known to increase sodium excretion by 20%, thereby reducing the amount of extracellular fluid. This study aimed to determine the patterns of furosemide use in chronic kidney disease patients at University of Muhammadiyah Malang General Hospital. Observational, descriptive, and retrospective data collection methods were used. The use of a single furosemide pattern was given to 25 patients (40%); a two-combination to 12 patients (20%); a three-combination to 9 patients (15%); a four-combination to 12 patients (20%); and a five-combination to 4 patients (5%). The most commonly used single furosemide was furosemide (3 x 40 mg, intravenous [iv]), which was administered to 16 patients (73%); the most common two-combination was furosemide (3 x 40 mg, iv) + amlodipine (1 x 10 mg, oral), which was given to 2 patients (20%); the most common three-combination was furosemide (3 x 40 mg, iv) + candesartan (1 x 16 mg, oral) + amlodipine (1 x 5 mg) and furosemide (3 x 40 mg, iv) + candesartan (1 x 16 mg, oral) + amlodipine (1 x 10 mg, oral), which was given to 2 patients (23%); the most common four-combination was furosemide (3 x 40 mg, iv) + nifedipine (3 x 10 mg, oral) + clonidine (3 x 0.15 mg, oral) + captopril (2 x 25 mg, oral), which was given to 3 patients (28%); and the most common five-combination was given to 1 patient (25%) with 4 patterns. In short, there were 22 patterns of furosemide switch therapy. Keywords: furosemide, edema, chronic kidney diseas

Validasi preliminary product Fung-Cube pada pembelajaran fungi untuk siswa SMA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui validitas preliminary product Fung-Cube yang dikembangkan pada pembelajaran Fungi untuk siswa SMA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) yang terdiri dari tahap define dan design yang merupakan bagian dari model 4-D Thiagarajan meliputi tahap define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Tahap develop dan disseminate tidak disertakan karena penelitian hanya sampai pada tahap perancangan (design) Fung-Cube. Karakteristik preliminary product Fung-Cube yang dikembangkan terletak pada bentuk nyata jamur makro dan media tanam dari pemanfaatan limbah kayu dan kain yang memvisualisasikan materi Fungi dan lingkungan. Sampel penelitian adalah sampel yang divalidasi oleh 2 validator ahli. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket validasi ahli, lembar observasi untuk analisis karakteristik siswa, dan wawancara untuk analisis kebutuhan. Data yang di uji validitasnya adalah angket validasi preliminary product Fung-Cube. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengolah angket lembar validasi ahli menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa preliminary product Fung-Cube dinyatakan sangat valid digunakan pada pembelajaran Fungi untuk siswa SMA, yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai hasil validasi ahli materi sebesar 94,2% dan ahli desain sebesar 96,9%. Pengembangan preliminary product media Fung-Cube sangat valid digunakan dalam pembelajaran Fungi untuk siswa SMA dan siap untuk di uji coba terbatas. Preliminary product fung-cube validation on fungi learning for high school students. This research aims to know the validity of preliminary product Fung-Cube developed on Fungi learning for high school students. This research is a research and development (R &amp; D) consists of define and design stage which is part of Thiagarajan 4-D models included define, design, develop, and disseminate stage. The develop and disseminate stage is not included because the research only at the design stage of Fung-Cube. The characteristics of preliminary product Fung-Cube developed lies in the real macro Fungi and plant medium from wood waste and patchwork visualize Fungi and environment material. The research sample includes a product validation sample of 2 expert validators. The data collection instruments used expert appraisal questionnaire, observation sheets for target-population analysis, and interviews for needs analysis. The validity test addressed to the questionnaire of preliminary product Fung-Cube. The data analysis by processing expert appraisal questionnaire used percentage. The results of the research showed that preliminary product Fung-Cube was very valid on Fungi learning for high school students, shown by the validation value of material expert 94.2% and design experts 96.9%. Preliminary product Fung-Cube development was very valid on Fungi learning for high school students and ready for a developmental testing

“ FUNG-CUBE ” – Alternatif Menanam Dengan Media Unik

Masyarakat Indonesia saat ini dihadapkan pada permasalahan mengenai pemenuhan protein hewani yang sulit. Mahalnya harga daging dan fenomena kelangkaannya membuat masyarakat Indonesia menjadikan jamur sebagai sumber protein alternatif. Namun, paradigma masyarakat tentang jamur mengarah pada budidaya dalam skala besar dan luas. Berdasarkan kebutuhan tersebut, untuk mengubah paradigma masyarakat muncul inovasi dalam pengembangan packaging media tanam jamur yang bernama “FUNG-CUBE” untuk meningkatkan nilai estetika dan nilai ekonomis media tanam jamur sehingga lebih efisien dilihat dari segi tempat tumbuhnya. Packaging ini merupakan aplikasi dari ilmu Biologi yang dapat di manfaatkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Pembuatan “FUNG-CUBE” bertujuan untuk: a) meningkatkan nilai estetika dan nilai ekonomis media tanam jamur, b) menambah diversifikasi media tanam dari jamur, c) meningkatkan minat masyarakat terhadap penanaman jamur melalui media tanam yang unik, inovatif dan efisien. Packaging “FUNG-CUBE” dilakukan secara unik dengan bahan utama besek dan penambahan hiasan manik-manik serta kain perca. Pada tahap awal produksi akan dilaksanakan di Desa Tegalsari, RT 01 / RW 02, Tambak, Mojosongo, Boyolali. Kegiatan produksi akan dilakukan sebanyak 13 kali setiap 1 minggu sekali selama 4 bulan dengan total 20 paket setiap produksi dan kegiatan promosi diadakan pada hari dan acara tertentu. Produk akan ditawarkan kepada konsumen dengan harga Rp. 45.000,- per paket. Produk tersebut akan dipasarkan di wilayah Surakarta dan sekitarnya terutama di lingkungan sekitar kampus Universitas Sebelas Maret. Promosi akan dilakukan di Car Free Day, Sunday Morning UNS dan media sosial secara online

Simultaneous Elections and the Rise of Female Representation in Indonesia

In the 2019 election, the proportion of women elected to Indonesia's People's Representative Assembly (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, DPR) increased significantly to almost 21 per cent. In this article, we ask whether an institutional innovation - the introduction of simultaneous presidential and legislative elections - contributed to this change. We examine the election results, demonstrating that, overall, women candidates did particularly well in provinces where the presidential candidate nominated by their party won a majority of the vote. Having established quantitatively a connection between results of the presidential elections and outcomes for women legislative candidates, we turn to our qualitative findings to seek a mechanism explaining this outcome. We argue that the simultaneous elections helped women candidates by easing their access to voters who supported one of the presidential candidates, but who were undecided on the legislative election. Rather than imposing additional burdens on female candidates, simultaneous elections assisted them