Spontaneous Hemarthrosis of the Knee - Late Complication of Flexible Femur Nailing: A Case Report.

We present a case report of acute spontaneous knee hemarthosis due to erosion of the nail through the knee joint capsule in a boy, seven months following retrograde flexible nailing for fractured femur. Careful positioning of the location of the insertion site of flexible nails and proper nail tip management are important to avoid this rare late complication

Design and Development of a Microwave Generated Lactose Monohydrate - Microcrystalline Cellulose Based Multifunctional Excipient Composites for Tablet Formulation using Box–Behnken Design

The concept of co-processing as a particle engineering technique continues to be used as a tool to enhance the functionality of several existing excipients. This important research was designed to improve the functionality of lactose monohydrate as excipient for direct compression by co-processing with microcrystalline cellulose. Microwave induced diffusion technique was first utilized for manufacturing Co processed lactose monohydrate (LM) - microcrystalline cellulose (MC) composites. The objective of the research was to obtain synergistic effects, incorporating better tablet adherence and hardness capacity. Box-Behnken experimental design was worked out to optimize the proportion of the primary excipients for the co-processed excipient. Fifteen experiments were carried out to assess the effect of primary excipients and mixing time required to prepare a slurry for microwaving treatment on percent fines, angle of repose, Carr’s index, friability, tensile strength, disintegration time as responses. The combination of the co-processed excipient that constructed significant characteristics after optimization was observed to be 70 % alpha-Lactose-monohydrate and 30 % microcrystalline cellulose. Consequently, Microcrystalline Cellulose-Lactose composites (MCLM), a co-processed excipient, was developed that offers functionality for direct compression, as a result of given flowability and compactability. Solid-state characterization was performed on optimized composites to ascertain its particle size, shape, distribution, surface morphology, degree of crystallinity, hygroscopicity, compatibility etc. employing proven analytical methods. Powder characteristics were determined by bulk and tapped densities, angle of repose, porosity, lubricant sensitivity ratio, dilution potential etc. The compaction patterns of MCLM were assessed employing Heckel and Kawakita equations and the compressibility, tabletability, compactability (CTC) profile was determined compared to the physical mixture of the native excipients and Cellactose. Tablets were developed by direct compression using paracetamol as the drug of choice. The results imply that microwave generated MCLM composites offers improved properties in comparison with native MC and LM. The current study highlights the concept of microwave drying technique as a cost-effective means for manufacturing multifunctional directly compressible excipient in comparison to the spray-drying technique

Quality Assurance and Quality Management in Pharmaceutical Science and Pharmaceutical Industry

Affection affirmation (QA) is aimed at ensuring affection analysis results. The purpose of affection affirmation is to accord relevant, reliable, appropriate analysis after-effects which are interpreted correctly. Affection affirmation involves activities both central and alfresco laboratory, acceptable class convenance and able administration skill. The WHO analogue of affection affirmation is a absolute action area by the affection of lab letters can be guaranteed. I capital to animadversion on the beat entitled, “An in-flight absorption on affirmation and quality.”The acreage of Affection Administration has abounding methods to abate and anticipate defects in any industry. Some of the best accepted methods today are Six Sigma, Lean Enterprise, and Benchmarking. There is a abundance of accurate affirmation to appearance how these methods accept helped the bloom affliction industry even out defects, waste, basis causes, and optimal solutions, application anarsenal of administration tools.  Keywords: Affection assurance, quality management, pharmaceutical industry

MITIGATION OF HARMONICS BY USING STATCOM

This paper discusses the modeling of linear and nonlinear load used in wind power plant.Harmonis analysis of the wind farm system is essential to study the behavior of equipments connected in the non sinusoidal system environment for designing and optimal location of STATCOM. Simulation models are developed for linear and nonlinear load. Analysis of voltage and current harmonics is performed for these loads individually. Wind turbine connected to synchronous generator is modelled using PSCAD simulation software to analyse the said issues where STATCOM is introduced as an active voltage and reactive power supporter to increase the power system stability. STATCOM can significantly mitigate the harmonis issues.STATCOM unit is developed to inject reactive power for mitigation of harmonis issues and to get stable grid operation

Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic study of FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO Core-Shell Nanoparticle.

In the present work, the sol-gel derived powders of the chemical form FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO Core-shell, has been synthesized and used as a photocatalyst. The synthesized core-shell nanoparticles characterized by various analytical techniques including FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDAX, and HR-TEM-SEAD. The successful performance of synthesized core-shell photocatalyst FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO has been also demonstrated for the complete mineralization of Orange G dye. The effect of various operational parameters used in dye degradation such as concentration of dye, light intensity, amount of photocatalyst, effect of light and effect of electrolyte has been studied on the rate of reaction. TEM analysis clearly shows two layers of ZnO and MgO on FeCr2O4. The highest degradation rate was found with concentration of Orange G dye 10 ppm, 0.8 g of FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO and time 50 min. The recyclability of the photocatalyst, FeCr2O4@ZnO@MgO was performed up to four runs. The degradation mechanism has been established by using LC-MS analysis and it was used to track the numerous intermediate products formed during the course of Orange G dye degradation

“Synthesis of Nano composite CeO2:SiO2: Highly efficient photocatalysts for degradation of Industrial waste Dyes”

Nanocrystalline UV light induced composite CeO2:SiO2 with high surface area and low band gap energy were prepared in order to assess its photocatalytic degradation capacity of target pollutant (mixture of dyes). The complete mineralization of target dye pollutants (30 ppm) occurred within 150 min. when CeO2:SiO2 catalyst with optimum loading 0.4 g was used. Overall, the present system is economical, reproducible and highly efficient. Further the comparative study on photocatalytic efficiency of SiO2 and CeO2 was compared with composite CeO2:SiO2. The effect of various operational parameters used in degradation like concentration of dye, amount of photocatalyst and various catalyst has been studied on the rate of reaction. The recyclability of the photocatalyst, CeO2:SiO2 was performed up to four runs. The photodegradation of waste water pollutants was occurred nearly 96 % using CeO2:SiO2 nanoparticles. The removal of waste water pollutants was confirmed by UV spectrophotometer by diminishing the absorbance to zero within 120 min using CeO2:SiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by various analytical investigative techniques like UV-DRS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and BET

Design and Development of Novel Configuration of Steering Knuckle for an All Terrain Vehicle (ATV)

Steering knuckle or suspension upright is one of the most critical loaded parts in an automobile and especially in all terrain vehicle (ATV) as it has to sustain the forces arising from the braking torque, road bump and the steering pull. Also, in the commercial vehicles, the left knuckle cannot be interchanged with the right knuckle. Therefore there is a need of design and development of a steering knuckle which may be interchangeable and manufactured as a one piece product. Also to reduce the overall weight of an automobile a light weight steering knuckle should be designed. Thus the design and development of a low weight knuckle which is structurally rigid and has the ability to withstand all the forces arising due to bump, cornering, cyclic loading during steering and braking while being interchangeable between front wheels of an Off-Road vehicle is discussed in this article

3D inkjet printing of tablets exploiting bespoke complex geometries for controlled and tuneable drug release

A hot melt 3D inkjet printing method with the potential to manufacture formulations in complex and adaptable geometries for the controlled loading and release of medicines is presented. This first use of a precisely controlled solvent free inkjet printing to produce drug loaded solid dosage forms is demonstrated using a naturally derived FDA approved material (beeswax) as the drug carrier and fenofibrate as the drug. Tablets with bespoke geometries (honeycomb architecture) were fabricated. The honeycomb architecture was modified by control of the honeycomb cell size, and hence surface area to enable control of drug release profiles without the need to alter the formulation. Analysis of the formed tablets showed the drug to be evenly distributed within the beeswax at the bulk scale with evidence of some localization at the micron scale. An analytical model utilizing a Fickian description of diffusion was developed to allow the prediction of drug release. A comparison of experimental and predicted drug release data revealed that in addition to surface area, other factors such as the cell diameter in the case of the honeycomb geometry and material wettability must be considered in practical dosage form design. This information when combined with the range of achievable geometries could allow the bespoke production of optimized personalised medicines for a variety of delivery vehicles in addition to tablets, such as medical devices for example

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake