Results on Expansion Maps in Fuzzy Menger Space via Property-(E.A) and (E.A)-like Property

The main goal of this paper is to establish two results in fuzzy menger space by using property-(E.A), (E.A) like property and occasionally weakly compatible mappings. Furthermore these results are justified with proper examples.These are generalization of the theorem proved by Diwan and others.

Size Control and Magnetic Property Trends in Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Synthesized Using an Aqueous Chemical Route

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) is an engineering material which is used for applications such as magnetic cores, magnetic switches, hyperthermia based tumor treatment, and as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging. Utility of ferrites nanoparticles hinges on its size, dispersibility in solutions, and synthetic control over its coercivity. In this work, we establish correlations between room temperature co-precipitation conditions, and these crucial materials parameters. Furthermore, post-synthesis annealing conditions are correlated with morphology, changes in crystal structure and magnetic properties. We disclose the synthesis and process conditions helpful in obtaining easily sinterable CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with coercive magnetic flux density (H-c) in the range 5.5-31.9 kA/m and M-s in the range 47.9-84.9 A.m(2)Kg(-1). At a grain size of similar to 54 +/- 2 nm (corresponding to 1073 K sintering temperature), multi-domain behavior sets in, which is indicated by a decrease in H-c. In addition, we observe an increase in lattice constant with respect to grain size, which is the inverse of what is expected of in ferrites. Our results suggest that oxygen deficiency plays a crucial role in explaining this inverse trend. We expect the method disclosed here to be a viable and scalable alternative to thermal decomposition based CoFe2O4 synthesis. The magnetic trends reported will aid in the optimization of functional CoFe2O4 nanoparticle

Analytical method development and validation for the estimation of Mirabegron in pure and its solid dosage form by UV spectrophotometric method

A simple, economical, rapid, accurate, precise spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated according to ICH Guidlines for the Mirabegron as active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by UV spectrophotometric method. The absorption maxima of Mirabegron was found to be at 249 nm wavelength using 1N Hcl as a solvent. Linearity range was found to be 3-15μg/ml, with the correlation coefficient being more than 0.999. The relative standard deviation was found to be < 2%. The percentage recovery was within the range of 98% -105%, indicating that there is no significant interference from the other ingredients present in the formulation. The method can be applied for the routine analysis of Mirabegron as API in pharmaceutical preparation

Siting and Sizing of DG for Loss Reduction and Voltage Sag Mitigation in RDS Using ABC Algorithm

In order to reduce the power loss and to improve the voltage profile in the distribution system, distributed generators (DGs) are connected to load bus. To reduce the total power loss in the system, the most important process is to identify the proper location for fixing and sizing of DGs. This paper  presents a new methodology using a new population based meta heuristic approach namely Artificial Bee Colony algorithm (ABC) for the placement of Distributed Generators (DG) in the radial distribution systems to reduce the real power loss,  to improve the voltage profile & voltage sag mitigation. While these power loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and voltage sag mitigation has significant role in lessoning imposed expenditures to utility companies. The power loss reduction is important factor for utility companies because it is directly proportional to the company benefits in a competitive electricity market, while reaching the better power quality standards is too important as it has vital effect on customer orientation. In this paper an ABC algorithm is developed to gain these goals all together. In order to evaluate sag mitigation capability of the proposed algorithm, voltage in voltage sensitive buses is investigated. An existing 20KV network (32-bus system) has been chosen as test network and results are compared with the proposed method in the radial distribution system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v3i6.439

Comparative study of surgically induced astigmatism in superior versus temporal incision in small incision cataract surgery cases

Background: Location of incision has a significant impact on surgical outcome. It has been reported that temporal incisions induce less astigmatism than superior incisions indicating the importance of incision location. The objective of the present study was to study the effect of surgical induced astigmatism in superior versus temporal incision in small incision cataract surgery cases.Methods: 100 patients of cataract attending to Sarojini Devi eye hospital with the rule and against the rule astigmatism were included in the study. The astigmatic profile and the effect of surgical incision on astigmatism were studied. A prospective study was done in which patients were divided into two groups. MSICS was performed with superiorly located incision in group I and temporally located incision in group II.Results: Out of the total 100 patients undergoing MSICS, 59 patients had ATR, 36 patients had WTR and 5 patients had no astigmatism. Thus the pre-operative astigmatic profile shows that ATR is more common type of astigmatism in this group. Among 50 patients in superior incision group, 18 had pre-operative WTR, 29 had ATR and 3 did not have astigmatism. Postoperatively the no. of patients with WTR decreased to 10, the no. of patients with ATR increased to 35 showing that superior incision flattens vertical meridian and steepens the horizontal meridian causing ATR shift. Among 50 patients in temporal incision group, 18 had pre-operative WTR, 30 had ATR and 2 did not have astigmatism. Post operatively the no of patients with WTR increased to 25, the no of patients with ATR decreased to 20.Conclusions: Placement of incision on steep axis reduces pre-existing astigmatism. Thus in ATR astigmatism it is placed temporally and in WTR astigmatism it is placed superiorly. Thus a simple modification in incision placement can minimize surgically induced astigmatism and reduce pre-existing astigmatism

Comparative study of various intra ocular lens formulae by IOL master

Background: The aim and objective of the study was to calculate intraocular lens power with IOL master in 100 eyes of 100 patients with long axial lengths between 25mm to 32mm.To analyse and compare the results of various formulae by postoperative auto refractometry and corrected distance visual acuity and to know the most accurate formula for highly myopic eyes (Axial length more than 25.00 mm).Methods: Patients coming to Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital from December 2012-September 2014 for cataract surgery were considered in this study. All patients with visually significant cataract having fundus findings within normal limits were included in this study and patients of complicated cataract due to trauma, uveitis, Glaucoma and any corneal pathology were excluded from the study.Results: The Mean AL was 27.25 ± 1.25 mm, the Mean keratometric value was 43.62 ± 1.45 D, and the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) calculated by the Haigis was 0.07 DD. Compared to the MAEs generated by the other formulae, the MAE generated by the Haigis was comparable to that by the SRK/T (0.231 D), and significantly lower than those by the Hoffer Q (0.481 D) and Holladay (0.864 D).Conclusions: The Mean post-operative refractive error (spherical equivalent) was found to be the least with Haigis formula followed by SRK/T for eyes with long axial length.The HAIGIS formula has a better predictability and accuracy. The postoperative hyperopic shift was comparable between HAIGIS and SRK-T formulae the least postoperative hyperopic shift with Haigis formula compared to other formulae.

Chalcogen Assisted Enhanced Atomic Orbital Interaction at TMDs - Metal Interface & Chalcogen Passivation of TMD Channel For Overall Performance Boost of 2D TMD FETs

Metal-semiconductor interface is a bottleneck for efficient transport of charge carriers through Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) based field-effect transistors (FETs). Injection of charge carriers across such interfaces is mostly limited by Schottky barrier at the contacts which must be reduced to achieve highly efficient contacts for carrier injection into the channel. Here we introduce a universal approach involving dry chemistry to enhance atomic orbital interaction between various TMDs (MoS2, WS2, MoSe2 and WSe2) & metal contacts has been experimentally demonstrated. Quantum chemistry between TMDs, Chalcogens and metals has been explored using detailed atomistic (DFT & NEGF) simulations, which is then verified using Raman, PL and XPS investigations. Atomistic investigations revealed lower contact resistance due to enhanced orbital interaction and unique physics of charge sharing between constituent atoms in TMDs with introduced Chalcogen atoms which is subsequently validated through experiments. Besides contact engineering, which lowered contact resistance by 72, 86, 1.8, 13 times in MoS2, WS2, MoSe2 and WSe2 respectively, a novel approach to cure / passivate dangling bonds present at the 2D TMD channel surface has been demonstrated. While the contact engineering improved the ON-state performance (ION, gm, mobility and RON) of 2D TMD FETs by orders of magnitude, Chalcogen based channel passivation was found to improve gate control (IOFF, SS, & VTH) significantly. This resulted in an overall performance boost. The engineered TMD FETs were shown to have performance on par with best reported till date

A Novel Early Detection and Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease Framework Using Hybrid Deep Learning Model and Neural Fuzzy Inference System

Diabetes is the “mother of all diseases” as it affects multiple organs of body of an individual in some way. Its timely detection and management are critically important. Otherwise, the long run, it can cause several complications in a diabetic. Heart disease is one of the major complications of diabetes.This work proposed an Optimal Scrutiny Boosted Graph Convolutional LSTM (O-SBGC-LSTM), SBGC-LSTM enhanced by Eurygaster Optimization Algorithm (EOA) to tune hyperparameters for early prevention and detection of diabetes disease. This work proposed an Optimal Scrutiny Boosted Graph Convolutional LSTM (O-SBGC-LSTM), SBGC-LSTM enhanced by Eurygaster Optimization Algorithm (EOA) to tune hyperparameters for early prevention and detection of diabetes disease. This method not only captures discriminative features in spatial configuration and temporal dynamics but also explore the co-occurrence relationship between spatial and temporal domains. This method also presents a temporal hierarchical architecture to increase temporal receptive fields of top SBGC-LSTM layer, which boosts the ability to learn high-level semantic representation and significantly reduces computation cost. The performance of O-SBGC-LSTM was found overall to be satisfactory, reaching >98% accuracy in most studies. In comparison with classic machine learning approaches, proposed hybrid DL was found to achieve better performance in almost all studies that reported such comparison outcomes. Furthermore, prevention is better than cure. Additionally, employed fuzzy based inference techniques to enhance the prevention procedure using suggestion table

Effect of Foliar Spray of Nitrogen and NAA on Growth and Yield Traits of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (wet) season 2021 at experimental field of the Crop Research Farm, SHUATS, Praygraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with twelve treatments replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation on sandy loam soil. To determine the “Effect of foliar application of nitrogen and NAA on growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata L.). The treatments consisted of three levels of Urea spray – 1.0 %, 1.5% and 2.0% and Four levels of Plant growth regulator [NAA] spray – 0ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm. The Treatments were applied as Foliar spray after 20 and 40 days after sowing. The results showed that treatment with the application of Nitrogen (Urea) 2.0% + NAA at 25 ppm recorded significantly higher plant height (53.80 cm), number of branches (7.27), dry weight (39.10 g/plant), However, Maximum number of pods plant-1 (16.93), number of seeds pod-1 (14.33), pod dry weight (4.17 g), Seed index (18.42 g), seed yield (1436.26 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (2651.97kg ha-1) were also recorded in the same treatment with the application of Nitrogen 2.0% + NAA at 25 ppm