Introduction to General Psychology (UWG)

This Grants Collection for Introduction to General Psychology was created under a Round Eight ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process. Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: Linked Syllabus Initial Proposal Final Reporthttps://oer.galileo.usg.edu/psychology-collections/1020/thumbnail.jp

Introduction to General Psychology (University of West Georgia)

This Grants Collection for Advanced Databases was created under a Round Four ALG Textbook Transformation Grant. Affordable Learning Georgia Grants Collections are intended to provide faculty with the frameworks to quickly implement or revise the same materials as a Textbook Transformation Grants team, along with the aims and lessons learned from project teams during the implementation process. Documents are in .pdf format, with a separate .docx (Word) version available for download. Each collection contains the following materials: Linked Syllabus Initial Proposal Final Reporthttps://oer.galileo.usg.edu/psychology-collections/1013/thumbnail.jp

Decision Counseling in Prostate Cancer Screening

No abstract available

Onset of virus systemic infection in plants is determined by speed of cell-to-cell movement and number of primary infection foci

The cornerstone of today's plant virology consists of deciphering the molecular and mechanistic basis of host-pathogen interactions. Among these interactions, the onset of systemic infection is a fundamental variable in studying both within-and between-host infection dynamics, with implications in epidemiology. Here, we developed a mechanistic model using probabilistic and spatio-temporal concepts to explain dynamic signatures of virus systemic infection. The model dealt with the inherent characteristic of plant viruses to use two different and sequential stages for their within-host propagation: cell-to-cell movement from the initial infected cell and systemic spread by reaching the vascular system. We identified the speed of cell-to-cell movement and the number of primary infection foci in the inoculated leaf as the key factors governing this dynamic process. Our results allowed us to quantitatively understand the timing of the onset of systemic infection, describing this global process as a consequence of local spread of viral populations. Finally, we considered the significance of our predictions for the evolution of plant RNA viruses.This work was supported by the grant no. BFU2012-30805 from Spain Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) to S. F. E. G. R. was supported by an EMBO long-term fellowship co-funded by Marie Curie actions (ALTF-1177-2011) and an AXA post-doctoral fellowship, and M.P.Z. by a Juan de la Cierva post-doctoral contract (JCI-2011-10379) from MINECO.Rodrigo Tarrega, G.; Zwart, MP.; Elena Fito, SF. (2014). Onset of virus systemic infection in plants is determined by speed of cell-to-cell movement and number of primary infection foci. Interface. 11(98):1-8. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2014.0555S181198Waigmann, E., Ueki, S., Trutnyeva, K., & Citovsky, V. (2004). The Ins and Outs of Nondestructive Cell-to-Cell and Systemic Movement of Plant Viruses. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 23(3), 195-250. doi:10.1080/07352680490452807Waterhouse, P. M., Wang, M.-B., & Lough, T. (2001). Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses. Nature, 411(6839), 834-842. doi:10.1038/35081168Dunoyer, P., Lecellier, C.-H., Parizotto, E. A., Himber, C., & Voinnet, O. (2004). RETRACTED: Probing the MicroRNA and Small Interfering RNA Pathways with Virus-Encoded Suppressors of RNA Silencing. The Plant Cell, 16(5), 1235-1250. doi:10.1105/tpc.020719Kermack, W. O., & McKendrick, A. G. (1927). A Contribution to the Mathematical Theory of Epidemics. Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 115(772), 700-721. doi:10.1098/rspa.1927.0118Segarra, J., Jeger, M. J., & van den Bosch, F. (2001). Epidemic Dynamics and Patterns of Plant Diseases. Phytopathology, 91(10), 1001-1010. doi:10.1094/phyto.2001.91.10.1001Keeling, M. (2005). The implications of network structure for epidemic dynamics. Theoretical Population Biology, 67(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2004.08.002Dolja, V. V., McBride, H. J., & Carrington, J. C. (1992). Tagging of plant potyvirus replication and movement by insertion of beta-glucuronidase into the viral polyprotein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 89(21), 10208-10212. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.21.10208Zwart, M. P., Daròs, J.-A., & Elena, S. F. (2011). One Is Enough: In Vivo Effective Population Size Is Dose-Dependent for a Plant RNA Virus. PLoS Pathogens, 7(7), e1002122. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002122Bedoya, L. C., Martínez, F., Orzáez, D., & Daròs, J.-A. (2012). Visual Tracking of Plant Virus Infection and Movement Using a Reporter MYB Transcription Factor That Activates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis. Plant Physiology, 158(3), 1130-1138. doi:10.1104/pp.111.192922Lafforgue, G., Tromas, N., Elena, S. F., & Zwart, M. P. (2012). Dynamics of the Establishment of Systemic Potyvirus Infection: Independent yet Cumulative Action of Primary Infection Sites. Journal of Virology, 86(23), 12912-12922. doi:10.1128/jvi.02207-12Holmes, F. O. (1929). Local Lesions in Tobacco Mosaic. Botanical Gazette, 87(1), 39-55. doi:10.1086/333923BALD, J. G. (1937). THE USE OF NUMBERS OF INFECTIONS FOR COMPARING THE CONCENTRATION OF PLANT VIRUS SUSPENSIONS: DILUTION EXPERIMENTS WITH PURIFIED SUSPENSIONS. Annals of Applied Biology, 24(1), 33-55. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1937.tb05019.xBaulcombe, D. (2004). RNA silencing in plants. Nature, 431(7006), 356-363. doi:10.1038/nature02874Kunkel, B. N., & Brooks, D. M. (2002). Cross talk between signaling pathways in pathogen defense. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 5(4), 325-331. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(02)00275-3Kørner, C. J., Klauser, D., Niehl, A., Domínguez-Ferreras, A., Chinchilla, D., Boller, T., … Hann, D. R. (2013). The Immunity Regulator BAK1 Contributes to Resistance Against Diverse RNA Viruses. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 26(11), 1271-1280. doi:10.1094/mpmi-06-13-0179-rRodrigo, G., Carrera, J., Jaramillo, A., & Elena, S. F. (2010). Optimal viral strategies for bypassing RNA silencing. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 8(55), 257-268. doi:10.1098/rsif.2010.0264Kleczkowski, A. (1950). Interpreting Relationships between the Concentrations of Plant Viruses and Numbers of Local Lesions. Journal of General Microbiology, 4(1), 53-69. doi:10.1099/00221287-4-1-53Van der Plank, J. E. (1965). Dynamics of Epidemics of Plant Disease: Population bursts of fungi, bacteria, or viruses in field and forest make an interesting dynamical study. Science, 147(3654), 120-124. doi:10.1126/science.147.3654.120Zwart, M. P., Daròs, J.-A., & Elena, S. F. (2012). Effects of Potyvirus Effective Population Size in Inoculated Leaves on Viral Accumulation and the Onset of Symptoms. Journal of Virology, 86(18), 9737-9747. doi:10.1128/jvi.00909-12Carrington, J. C., Kasschau, K. D., Mahajan, S. K., & Schaad, M. C. (1996). Cell-to-Cell and Long-Distance Transport of Viruses in Plants. The Plant Cell, 1669-1681. doi:10.1105/tpc.8.10.1669Gibbs, A. (1976). Viruses and Plasmodesmata. Intercellular Communication in Plants: Studies on Plasmodesmata, 149-164. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66294-2_8Hillung, J., Elena, S. F., & Cuevas, J. M. (2013). Intra-specific variability and biological relevance of P3N-PIPO protein length in potyviruses. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 13(1), 249. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-13-249Dengler, N., & Kang, J. (2001). Vascular patterning and leaf shape. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 4(1), 50-56. doi:10.1016/s1369-5266(00)00135-7SAMUEL, G. (1934). The Movement of Tobacco Mosaic Virus Within the Plant. Annals of Applied Biology, 21(1), 90-111. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7348.1934.tb06891.xKawakami, S., Watanabe, Y., & Beachy, R. N. (2004). Tobacco mosaic virus infection spreads cell to cell as intact replication complexes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(16), 6291-6296. doi:10.1073/pnas.0401221101Bedoya, L., Martínez, F., Rubio, L., & Daròs, J.-A. (2010). Simultaneous equimolar expression of multiple proteins in plants from a disarmed potyvirus vector. Journal of Biotechnology, 150(2), 268-275. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2010.08.006Wei, T., Zhang, C., Hong, J., Xiong, R., Kasschau, K. D., Zhou, X., … Wang, A. (2010). Formation of Complexes at Plasmodesmata for Potyvirus Intercellular Movement Is Mediated by the Viral Protein P3N-PIPO. PLoS Pathogens, 6(6), e1000962. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000962Bragard, C., Caciagli, P., Lemaire, O., Lopez-Moya, J. J., MacFarlane, S., Peters, D., … Torrance, L. (2013). Status and Prospects of Plant Virus Control Through Interference with Vector Transmission. 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Divergent dysregulation of gene expression in murine models of fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis

Background: Fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis are genetic syndromes that both have a high rate of comorbidity with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Several lines of evidence suggest that these two monogenic disorders may converge at a molecular level through the dysfunction of activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Methods: To explore the characteristics of transcriptomic changes in these monogenic disorders, we profiled genome-wide gene expression levels in cerebellum and blood from murine models of fragile X syndrome and tuberous sclerosis. Results: Differentially expressed genes and enriched pathways were distinct for the two murine models examined, with the exception of immune response-related pathways. In the cerebellum of the Fmr1 knockout (Fmr1-KO) model, the neuroactive ligand receptor interaction pathway and gene sets associated with synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation, gap junction, and axon guidance were the most significantly perturbed pathways. The phosphatidylinositol signaling pathway was significantly dysregulated in both cerebellum and blood of Fmr1-KO mice. In Tsc2 heterozygous (+/−) mice, immune system-related pathways, genes encoding ribosomal proteins, and glycolipid metabolism pathways were significantly changed in both tissues. Conclusions: Our data suggest that distinct molecular pathways may be involved in ASD with known but different genetic causes and that blood gene expression profiles of Fmr1-KO and Tsc2+/− mice mirror some, but not all, of the perturbed molecular pathways in the brain

Restriction enzyme-free mutagenesis via the light regulation of DNA polymerization

The effects of photocaged nucleosides on the DNA polymerization reaction was investigated, finding that most polymerases are unable to recognize and read through the presence of a single caging group on the DNA template. Based on this discovery, a new method of introducing mutations into plasmid DNA via a light-mediated mutagenesis protocol was developed. This methodology is advantageous over several common approaches in that it requires the use of only two polymerase chain reaction primers, and does not require any restriction sites or use of restriction enzymes. Additionally, this approach enables not only site-directed mutations, but also the insertion of DNA strands of any length into plasmids and the deletion of entire genes from plasmids

Analysis of the temporal expression of chemokines and chemokine receptors during experimental granulomatous inflammation: role and expression of MIP-1Α and MCP-1

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72640/1/sj.bjp.0704371.pd

Lymphocyte Cc Chemokine Receptor 9 and Epithelial Thymus-Expressed Chemokine (Teck) Expression Distinguish the Small Intestinal Immune Compartment: Epithelial Expression of Tissue-Specific Chemokines as an Organizing Principle in Regional Immunity

The immune system has evolved specialized cellular and molecular mechanisms for targeting and regulating immune responses at epithelial surfaces. Here we show that small intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes and lamina propria lymphocytes migrate to thymus-expressed chemokine (TECK). This attraction is mediated by CC chemokine receptor (CCR)9, a chemoattractant receptor expressed at high levels by essentially all CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the small intestine. Only a small subset of lymphocytes in the colon are CCR9+, and lymphocytes from other tissues including tonsils, lung, inflamed liver, normal or inflamed skin, inflamed synovium and synovial fluid, breast milk, and seminal fluid are universally CCR9−. TECK expression is also restricted to the small intestine: immunohistochemistry reveals that intense anti-TECK reactivity characterizes crypt epithelium in the jejunum and ileum, but not in other epithelia of the digestive tract (including stomach and colon), skin, lung, or salivary gland. These results imply a restricted role for lymphocyte CCR9 and its ligand TECK in the small intestine, and provide the first evidence for distinctive mechanisms of lymphocyte recruitment that may permit functional specialization of immune responses in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Selective expression of chemokines by differentiated epithelium may represent an important mechanism for targeting and specialization of immune responses

Translocation, switching and gating: potential roles for ATP in long-range communication on DNA by Type III restriction endonucleases

To cleave DNA, the Type III RM (restriction–modification) enzymes must communicate the relative orientation of two recognition sequences, which may be separated by many thousands of base pairs. This long-range interaction requires ATP hydrolysis by a helicase domain, and both active (DNA translocation) and passive (DNA sliding) modes of motion along DNA have been proposed. Potential roles for ATP binding and hydrolysis by the helicase domains are discussed, with a focus on bipartite ATPases that act as molecular switches