Hemangioma in minor salivary glands: real or illusion

Hemangioma is a common soft tissue lesion in the head and neck region. Hemangioma in the context of minor salivary glands is rarely encountered in surgical pathology practice, and for this reason most pathologist are often unfamiliar with its histomorphological features. We report a rare histological finding of salivary gland structures within a cavernous hemangioma, which may or may not have originated in the minor salivary gland

Purification of an Intracellular Fibrinolytic Protease from Ganoderma Lucidum Vk12 and its Susceptibility to Different Enzyme Inhibitors

Purpose: To study the effect of different inhibitors on the fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme produced by Ganoderma Lucidum. Method: The intracellular fibrinolytic protease produced by Ganoderma lucidum VK12 was isolated from the mycelia grown in MCDBF broth and was purified to homogeneity using ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and sephadex G-150 column chromatography techniques. The purity of the enzyme was verified on SDS-PAGE after silver nitrate staining. The inhibitory effect of different metal ions and commercial protease inhibitors on enzyme activity was studied. The inhibitortreated enzyme was assayed with its substrate and the residual activity of the enzyme recorded. Result: The fibrinolytic enzyme isolated from Ganoderma lucidum was purified to near homogeneity and it appeared as a single protein band on SDS-PAGE. Metal ions such as Ca2+ and Mg2+ inhibited the activity of the enzyme while Zn2+ ions enhanced the activity. . Complete inactivation occurred when the enzyme was incubated with protease inhibitors such as EDTA, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphoamidon while the enzyme was insensitive to protease inhibitors such as leupeptin, PMSF, TPCK and APMSF. Conclusion: Copper sulfate completely inhibited the enzyme activity. The sensitivity of this enzyme to EDTA suggests that it might be a metalloprotease

Investigations on mechanical and wear behaviour of graphene and zirconia reinforced AA6061 hybrid nanocomposites using ANN and Sugeno-type fuzzy inference systems

This research work investigates the mechanical and wear behaviour of graphene (C) and zirconium di-oxide (ZrO _2 ) reinforced Aluminium alloy 6061 hybrid nano composites (AMMHNCs) fabricated by ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method. Graphene and ZrO _2 are selected as reinforcements for increasing the wear resistance and hardness of the base alloy AA6061. The mixing proportions of graphene and ZrO _2 reinforced with AA6061 in weight are 100% AA6061/0% Graphene/0% ZrO _2 , 98.5% AA6061/0.5% Graphene/1% ZrO _2 , 97.5% AA6061/0.5% Graphene/2% ZrO _2 , 98% AA6061/1% Graphene/1% ZrO _2 , 97% AA6061/1% Graphene/2% ZrO _2. Microstructural study was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopic images to analyse the dispersion of reinforcements in the composite. The results shown that, ultrasonic-assisted stir casting method improves the uniformity in dispersion of reinforcements. The hardness, tensile, impact and wear test were carried out based on ASTM standards to analyse the properties in the proposed composite specimens. It was observed that, the hardness, tensile strength and impact strength are increases by 21.88%, 69.42% and 78.57% respectively and percentage elongation is decreased by 63.52% with the increase of reinforcements. Wear resistance increases with the increase of reinforcements. In order to analyse the wear behaviour originality of new composite under wear test parameters, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Artificial Neuro Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS) models were used to predict the wear rate for experimented and non-experimented parameters. The prediction analysis was useful in studying the wear behaviour of the composite. Comparative analysis for ANN and ANFIS was performed and the results shown that, ANFIS model predicted with accuracy of R ^2 with 99.9%

Vibration Studies on Fiber Reinforced Composites – a Review

Fiber reinforced composites materials have been much more attention in the materials system by the researchers since their unique performance in various structural applications. The addition of fiber and various chemical treatments produces the best mechanical properties of the composite material. However, several authors have described the working mechanism in mechanical composites. Recently researchers have started to investigate the free vibrational behavior of the composites and to find the suitable applications in industry. It is indeed important to represent the vibrational response of the fiber reinforced composites (FRC) toward the anti-vibration applications. Thus, an attempt was made to review the vibration behaviors on natural fiber, synthetic fiber, and filler incorporated natural/synthetic fiber composites. Discussions on the comparison of the natural frequency and damping ratio of various composites bring comprehensive knowledge on vibrational behaviors of various fiber reinforced composites

An intelligent fuzzy-particle swarm optimization supervisory-based control of robot manipulator for industrial welding applications

Abstract The propensity of manufacturers to produce goods at affordable cost, with more accuracy, and at a faster rate force them to search for novel solutions, such as deploying robots in place of people in a sector that can accommodate their needs. Welding is one of the most crucial processes in the automotive industry. This process is time-consuming, subject to error, and demands skilled professionals. The robotic application can improve this area of production and quality. Other industries, such as painting and material handling, can also profit from the use of robots. This work describes the fuzzy DC linear servo controller, which functions as a robotic arm actuator. Robots have been widely employed in most productive sectors in recent years, including assembly plates, welding, tasks at higher temperatures, etc. Controlling a robot accurately is a difficult undertaking as a robot is very nonlinear with many joints that are often organized and unstructured. To carry out the effective task, an effective PID control based on fuzzy logic has been employed together with the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach for the estimate of the parameter. This offline technique determines the lowest number of optimal robotic arm control parameters. To verify the controller design with computer simulation, a comparative assessment of controllers is given by means of a fuzzy surveillance controller with PSO which improves the parameter gain to provide a rapid climb, a smaller overflow, no steady condition error signal, and effective torque control of the robot arm