Analytical Representation of the Longitudinal Hadronic Shower Development

The analytical representation of the longitudinal hadronic shower development from the face of a calorimeter is presented and compared with experimental data. The suggested formula is particularly useful at designing, testing and calibration of huge calorimeter complex like in ATLAS at LHC.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur

Non-Compensation of the Barrel Tile Hadron Module-0 Calorimeter

The detailed experimental information about the electron and pion responses, the electron energy resolution and the e/h ratio as a function of incident energy E, impact point Z and incidence angle $\Theta$ of the Module-0 of the iron-scintillator barrel hadron calorimeter with the longitudinal tile configuration is presented. The results are based on the electron and pion beams data for E = 10, 20, 60, 80, 100 and 180 GeV at $\eta$ = -0.25 and -0.55, which have been obtained during the test beam period in 1996. The results are compared with the existing experimental data of TILECAL 1m prototype modules, various iron-scintillator calorimeters and with some Monte Carlo calculations.Comment: 33 pages, 20 figure

Longitudinal Hadronic Shower Development in a Combined Calorimeter

This work is devoted to the experimental study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development in the ATLAS barrel combined prototype calorimeter consisting of the lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and the iron-scintillator hadronic part. The results have been obtained on the basis of the 1996 combined test beam data which have been taken on the H8 beam of the CERN SPS, with the pion beams of 10, 20, 40, 50, 80, 100, 150 and 300 GeV/c. The degree of description of generally accepted Bock parameterization of the longitudinal shower development has been investigated. It is shown that this parameterization does not give satisfactory description for this combined calorimeter. Some modification of this parameterization, in which the e/h ratios of the compartments of the combined calorimeter are used, is suggested and compared with the experimental data. The agreement between such parameterization and the experimental data is demonstrated.Comment: Latex, 21 pages, 10 figure

Pion Energy Reconstruction by the Local Hadronic Calibration Method with ATLAS Combined Test Beam 2004 data

The pion energy reconstruction by the local hadronic calibration method on the basis of the 2004 combined test beam data in the energy range 10 -- 350 GeV and $\eta = 0.25$ is performed. In this method energies deposited in each cell are weighted. The weights are determined by the Monte Carlo simulation using Calibration Hits software. We have modified this method by applying cuts in weights. The obtained fractional energy resolution with the conventional method of determination of the energy deposit in the dead material between LAr and Tile calorimeters is $\sigma/E = (67\pm2)\%/\sqrt{E} \oplus (3.9\pm0.2)\% \oplus (95\pm22)\%/E$. This is about 1.5 times better than the results for the hadronic calibration method obtained by the Oxford-Stockholm group and slightly better than the H1 method results for CTB04 obtained by Pisa group. The energy linearity is within $\pm$1\%. We have determined the general normalization constant of 0.91 for which the mean value linearity for the weight cut of 1.05 is about 1. At using this normalization constant the energy resolution has not worsen. We have corrected the cesium miscalibration of the $Tile_1$ and $Tile_2$ longitudinal samplings. The mean value of energy linearity has been increased by about 1\% and becomes equal to 1.002$\pm$0.002. The energy resolution did not change. We have performed weighting without knowing of the beam energies. For this the special procedure has been developed. In this case the energy resolution shows 9\% degradation. Linearities are within $\pm$1\%. We have applied the Neural Networks to the determination of the energy deposit between LAr and Tile calorimeters. The essential improvement of energy resolution is obtained. In this case we have reached the projected energy resolution for hadrons in the ATLAS detector $\sigma/E = 50\%/\sqrt{E} \oplus 3\%$

АВТОМАТИЗАЦІЯ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЗНАНЬ СТУДЕНТІВ У КРЕДИТНО-МОДУЛЬНІЙ СИСТЕМІ БОЛОНСЬКОГО ПРОЦЕСУ

The article suggests one of the ways to organize teacher’s electronic journal, by means of which one can automatically control students’ progress during the studying in the terms of topics of the discipline, laboratory and practical work, modular control, exams, individual assignments, etc. The structure of the accounting was specified and described, the benefits of electronic records for the university, faculty and students were identified.У статті запропоновано один із способів організації електронного журналу викладача, за допомогою якого він може здійснити автоматизований контроль успішності студентів впродовж навчання в розрізі тем навчальної дисципліни, виконання лабораторних та практичних робіт, модульного контролю, екзамену, індивідуальних завдань тощо; конкретизовано і описано структуру такого обліку; визначені переваги організації електронного обліку як для, професорсько-викладацького складу вищого навчального закладу, так і для студентів

Hadron Energy Reconstruction for the ATLAS Calorimetry in the Framework of the Non-parametrical Method

This paper discusses hadron energy reconstruction for the ATLAS barrel prototype combined calorimeter (consisting of a lead-liquid argon electromagnetic part and an iron-scintillator hadronic part) in the framework of the non-parametrical method. The non-parametrical method utilizes only the known $e/h$ ratios and the electron calibration constants and does not require the determination of any parameters by a minimization technique. Thus, this technique lends itself to an easy use in a first level trigger. The reconstructed mean values of the hadron energies are within $\pm 1$ of the true values and the fractional energy resolution is $[(58\pm3)/\sqrt{E}+(2.5\pm0.3)$. The value of the $e/h$ ratio obtained for the electromagnetic compartment of the combined calorimeter is $1.74\pm0.04$ and agrees with the prediction that $e/h > 1.7$ for this electromagnetic calorimeter. Results of a study of the longitudinal hadronic shower development are also presented. The data have been taken in the H8 beam line of the CERN SPS using pions of energies from 10 to 300 GeV.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures, Will be published in NIM