Development of students’ scientific society of Sochi state university for tourism and recreation

The article concerns the development of students’ scientific society of Sochi State University for Tourism and Recreation. Special attention is attached to students’ scientific work and occupational guidance activities, aimed to involve schoolchildren in research work

Hypertension in Women of Reproductive Age in the United States: NHANES 1999-2008

Objective: To examine the epidemiology of hypertension in women of reproductive age. Methods: Using NHANES from 1999–2008, we identified 5,521 women age 20–44 years old. Hypertension status was determined using blood pressure measurements and/or self-reported medication use. Results: The estimated prevalence of hypertension in women of reproductive age was 7.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.9%–8.5%). The prevalence of anti-hypertensive pharmacologic therapy was 4.2% (95% CI 3.5%–4.9%). The prevalence of hypertension was relatively stable across the study period; the age and race adjusted odds of hypertension in 2007–2008 did not differ significantly from 1999–2000 (odds ratio 1.2, CI 0.8 to 1.7, p = 0.45). Significant independent risk factors associated with hypertension included older age, non-Hispanic black race (compared to non-Hispanic whites), diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and higher body mass index. The most commonly used antihypertensive medications included diuretics, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE), and beta blockers. Conclusion: Hypertension occurs in about 8% of women of reproductive age. There are remarkable differences in the prevalence of hypertension between racial/ethnic groups. Obesity is a risk factor of particular importance in this population because it affects over 30% of young women in the U.S., is associated with more than 4 fold increased risk of hypertension, and is potentially modifiable

Fires on Ice: Emerging Permafrost Peatlands Fire Regimes in Russia’s Subarctic Taiga

Wildfires in permafrost areas, including smoldering fires (e.g., “zombie fires”), have increasingly become a concern in the Arctic and subarctic. Their detection is difficult and requires ground truthing. Local and Indigenous knowledge are becoming useful sources of information that could guide future research and wildfire management. This paper focuses on permafrost peatland fires in the Siberian subarctic taiga linked to local communities and their infrastructure. It presents the results of field studies in Evenki and old-settler communities of Tokma and Khanda in the Irkutsk region of Russia in conjunction with concurrent remote sensing data analysis. The study areas located in the discontinuous permafrost zone allow examination of the dynamics of wildfires in permafrost peatlands and adjacent forested areas. Interviews revealed an unusual prevalence and witness-observed characteristics of smoldering peatland fires over permafrost, such as longer than expected fire risk periods, impacts on community infrastructure, changes in migration of wild animals, and an increasing number of smoldering wildfires including overwintering “zombie fires” in the last five years. The analysis of concurrent satellite remote sensing data confirmed observations from communities, but demonstrated a limited capacity of satellite imagery to accurately capture changing wildfire activity in permafrost peatlands, which may have significant implications for global climate

Амилоид-бета 40 как биомаркер когнитивных нарушений в остром периоде ишемического инсульта

Aim: to study the role of amyloid-beta 40 (Aβ 40) in the development of cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke.Materials and methods. The study included 70 patients aged 33–86 years, 46 men and 24 women. In patients with acute ischemic stroke cognitive status was assessed with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment Test (MoCA), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), Schulte tables, Clock Drawing Test, Test for Semantic Verbal Fluency and Five Words Test. The concentration of Aβ 40 in the cerebrospinal fluid was determined. Morphometric (size of the infarct and leukoaraiosis area, volume of the brain ventricles and hippocampus) and diffusion-tensor parameters of MRI (fractional anisotropy of putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, corpus callosum, limbs of the internal capsule, the cingulate, the superior longitudinal and inferior fronto-occipital tracts) were studied.Results. The concentration of Aβ 40 in the cerebrospinal fluid was 436,4 (226,0–514,0) pg/ml. The protein level was associated with the result of subtests «Orientation» (MMSE) and «Attention» (MoCA), as well as indirect recall with cues in MoCA. Patients with MMSE score of 24–27 points were characterized by a lower concentration of Aβ 40 as compared to patients with a score less than 24 points. Aβ 40 concentration more than 436,4 pg/mL was associated with a more severe somatic co-morbidity of stroke (hypertension, lower hemoglobin and albumin level, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate), a smaller volume of the brain ventricles, lower fractional anisotropy of the thalamus, cingulate tracts and contralateral hippocampus. Aβ 40 concentration more than 436,4 pg/mL was also associated with a lower global cognitive status (according to the MMSE and MoCA), as well as the reduction in certain cognitive functions, namely, attention, visual-spatial functions and memory.Conclusions. The concentration of Aβ 40 in the cerebrospinal fluid is a biological marker of severity type of post-stroke cognitive impairment. This interaction is probably due to the damage to the hippocampus, thalamus and cingulate tracts. In our opinion, the biomarker reflects both ischemic and neurodegenerative components of the pathogenesis of cognitive impairment in acute ischemic stroke.Цель исследования. Изучение роли амилоида-бета 40 (Aβ 40) в развитии когнитивных нарушений в остром периоде ишемического инсульта.Материал и методы. Обследованы 70 пациентов в возрасте 33–86 лет, из которых 46 мужчин и 24 женщины.У пациентов в остром периоде ишемического инсульта проводилась оценка когнитивного статуса (краткая шкала оценки психического статуса (MMSE), Монреальская шкала оценки когнитивных функций (MoCA), батарея лобных тестов (FAB), таблицы Шульте, тест рисования часов, тест на семантическую вербальную беглость и тест пяти слов). Также исследовалась концентрации Аβ 40 в ликворе, изучались морфометрические (размер очага инфаркта и площадь лейкоареоза, объем желудочков мозга и гиппокампов) и диффузионно-тензорные показатели (фракционная анизотропия скорлупы, таламуса, гиппокампа, мозолистого тела, ножек внутренней капсулы, цингулярного, верхнего продольного и нижнего фронто-окципитального пучков) магнитно-резонансной томографии.Результаты. Концентрация Аβ 40 в ликворе составила 436,4 (226,0–514,0) пг/мл и была ассоциирована с результатом субтестов «ориентация» (MMSE) и «внимание» (MoCA), а также опосредованным воспроизведением в MoCA. Пациенты с результатом MMSE 24–27 баллов характеризовались более низкой концентрацией Аβ 40 по сравнению с пациентами с результатом шкалы менее 24 баллов. Концентрация Аβ 40 более 436,4 пг/мл была связана с более выраженной соматической коморбидностью инсульта (артериальная гипертензия, более низкое содержание гемоглобина и альбумина крови, более высокая скорость оседания эритороцитов), меньшим объемом желудочков мозга, более низкой фракционной анизотропией таламусов, цингулярных пучков и контралатерального гиппокапма и ассоциирована с более низким глобальным когнитивным статусом (по результатам MMSE и MoCA), а также снижением отдельных когнитивных функций, а именно внимания, зрительно-пространственного гнозиса и памяти.Выводы. Концентрация Аβ 40 в спинномозговой жидкости является биологическим маркером как выраженности, так и характера постинсультных когнитивных нарушений, что, вероятно, опосредовано повреждением гиппокампов, таламуса и цингулярных трактов. При этом, на наш взгляд, биомаркер отражает как сосудистый, или ишемический, компонент патогенеза когнитивных нарушений в остром периоде ишемического инсульта, так и влияние амилоид-опосредованной нейродегенерации

Network Platform for Tourism Sector: Transformation and Interpretation of Multifaceted Data

Modern network science has become a prominent concept, attracting diverse scientific societies to solve a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical problems. Tourism is a sphere wherein the outlines of the network’s scope are distinct. In the study, the network approach was applied in its dual form for both network-like regional tourism data (NLRTD) and network-unlike regional tourism data (NURTD), to explore the tourism destination of Baikal natural territory, Russia, in regard to the challenges of the general sustainability of regional socio-ecological systems. The aim of the study is to elaborate a comprehensive network platform to harmonize such complex and fragile systems as Baikal natural territory. Saturated with networking ideology, the approach spans a huge set of interacting social, technological and ecological elements of the comprehensive system in order to support its functionality and sustainability in general. Particularly, the paper utilizes data from interviews done in Olkhon island (2017–2018), and publicly available textual, spatial and temporal data. NLRTD with pertinent networkization procedures was utilized in transportation schemes, while the NURTD concept implies the networkalization of landscape and land use maps. The platform provides researchers and stakeholders with concentrated information which might be not only effectively processed, but also intelligible, and correctly compared and implemented in contiguous spheres

Network Platform for Tourism Sector: Transformation and Interpretation of Multifaceted Data

Modern network science has become a prominent concept, attracting diverse scientific societies to solve a wide spectrum of theoretical and practical problems. Tourism is a sphere wherein the outlines of the network’s scope are distinct. In the study, the network approach was applied in its dual form for both network-like regional tourism data (NLRTD) and network-unlike regional tourism data (NURTD), to explore the tourism destination of Baikal natural territory, Russia, in regard to the challenges of the general sustainability of regional socio-ecological systems. The aim of the study is to elaborate a comprehensive network platform to harmonize such complex and fragile systems as Baikal natural territory. Saturated with networking ideology, the approach spans a huge set of interacting social, technological and ecological elements of the comprehensive system in order to support its functionality and sustainability in general. Particularly, the paper utilizes data from interviews done in Olkhon island (2017–2018), and publicly available textual, spatial and temporal data. NLRTD with pertinent networkization procedures was utilized in transportation schemes, while the NURTD concept implies the networkalization of landscape and land use maps. The platform provides researchers and stakeholders with concentrated information which might be not only effectively processed, but also intelligible, and correctly compared and implemented in contiguous spheres

Sodium and potassium intakes among US adults: NHANES 2003–2008

Background: The American Heart Association (AHA), Institute of Medicine (IOM), and US Departments of Health and Human Services and Agriculture (USDA) Dietary Guidelines for Americans all recommend that Americans limit sodium intake and choose foods that contain potassium to decrease the risk of hypertension and other adverse health outcomes. Objective: We estimated the distributions of usual daily sodium and potassium intakes by sociodemographic and health characteristics relative to current recommendations. Design: We used 24-h dietary recalls and other data from 12,581 adults aged $20 y who participated in NHANES in 2003–2008. Estimates of sodium and potassium intakes were adjusted for withinindividual day-to-day variation by using measurement error models. SEs and 95$51 y or persons with hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease), 98.8% (98.4%, 99.2%) overall consumed .1500 mg/d, and 60.4% consumed .3000 mg/d—more than double the recommendation. Overall, ,2% of US adults and w5% of US men consumed $4700 mg K/d (ie, met recommendations for potassium). Conclusion: Regardless of recommendations or sociodemographic or health characteristics, the vast majority of US adults consume too much sodium and too little potassium

The role of transport in export development of fuel and energy complex

The development of transport infrastructure is becoming a strategic priority for Russian fuel and energy complex development in aspect of increasing its competitive ability on the world stage. The transport industry is not only the leading consumer of fuel and energy products, it is the most important condition for an effective functioning of fuel and energy complex, participate at all stages of manufacture, starting from mining and ending with the delivery of fuel and energy products to the consumer. The research includes the state of national fuel and energy complex over the past decade, current trends and forecast of development based on power function. The research also includes the role of certain types of transport in the functioning of the fuel and energy complex. The export component analysis of national fuel and energy complex development was done with condition of sanctions restrictions on oil, gas and coal supply, and reorientation of logistic flows to the Asia-Pacific countries