Mediatization of Social Reality and Media Experience of Seniors

The demographic changes taking place in the most developed countries in Europe show a dynamic process of aging societies. Seniors (i.e. according to WHO, people over 65 years of age) are sometimes affected due to the limiting conditions of constantly progressing social changes. One of the most significant transformations is the presence of media in the everyday life of individuals. Development of technology and media communication lead to the spread of the mediatization of social reality. Many media recipients build their idea of the world based on what they learn from the mass media. It then influences their understanding of themselves and their role in the world. The purpose of this article is to analyse mediatization as a social process and to explain how it affects older people's experience of the media

EPIDEMIOLOŠKO ISTRAŽIVANJE BOLESTI ŽIVOTINJA UZROKOVANIH SOJEVIMA CLOSTRIDIUM PERFRINGENS IZOLIRANIH IZ HRANE

C. perfringens is the primary cause of clostridial enteric diseases in domestic animals. Diagnostic difficulties result from common occurrence of these microorganisms in the intestinal tract of healthy vertebrates and laboratory serotyping methods cannot discriminate isolates reliably. C. perfringens caused disease may be confirmed by presence of these bacteria in feed and a, high number of these anaerobes in animal intestinal tract by typing methods of comparably high differentiation power. In this study C. perfringens strains isolated from compound feedingstuffs and poultry faeces were enumerated and characterized genotypically for toxin genes presence by mPCR. Presence of C. perfringens at the level higher than 10 cfu/g was confirmed in 68% in feed isolates and in 36% in poultry isolates. Dominance of C. perfringens strains type A was confirmed among isolated strains from feeds and poultry. Nearly 42% of isolates from feeds and 4% from poultry belonged to subtype β2. There were some positive isolates for netB gene. The obtained results of analyses revealed common occurrence status of C. perfringens in feeds and clinically healthy birdsClostridium perfringens je primarni uzrok klostridialnih enteričkih bolesti domaćih životinja. Poteškoće dijagnosticiranja rezultat su česte pojave mikroorganizama u intestinalnom traktu zdravih kralježnjaka pa laboratorijske metode ne mogu pouzdano razlučiti izolate. Bolest koju je prouzročila C. perfringens može se potvrditi prisutnošću ovih bakterija u hrani i velikim brojem anaeroba u intestinalnom traktu životinja metodom tipiziranja razmjerno visoke sposobnosti diferenciranja. U ovom su radu sojevi C. perfringens izolirani iz krmnih smjesa i fecesa peradi nabrojani te genotipski opisana prisutnost gena toksina pomoću mPCR. Prisutnost C. perfringensa na razini višoj od 10 cfu/g potvrđena je u 68% izolata hrane i 36% izolata peradi. Među izoliranim sojevima u hrani i peradi potvrđeno je prevladavanje sojeva C. perfringens tipa A. Gotovo 42% izolata hrane i 4% peradi pripadaju podtipu B2. Bilo je nešto pozitivnih izolata za gen netB. Dobiveni rezultati analiza otkrivaju čestu pojavu C. perfringensa u hrani i klinički zdravoj peradi

Composition and element solubility of magnetic and non-magnetic fly ash fractions

Magnetic and non-magnetic fractions of coal fly ashes from SE US electric power plants were characterized with special emphasis on the potential environmental consequences of their terrestrial disposal. Quartz and mullite were the crystalline minerals dominating the non-magnetic fractions. Magnetic fractions contained magnetite, hematite, and, to a lesser extent, quartz and mullite. Chemical analyses revealed that magnetic fractions had about 10 times higher concentrations of Fe, and 2–4 times higher concentrations of Co, Ni, and Mn. Non-magnetic fractions were enriched in K, Al and Ca. Iron content within fly ash particles was negatively correlated with elements associated with aluminosilicate matrix (Si, Al, K, Na). Solubility of most elements was higher in the non-magnetic than in the magnetic fractions of alkaline fly ashes at comparable pH. Calcium was associated with the non-magnetic fraction of the alkaline fly ashes which resulted in a higher pH buffering capacity of this fraction

Ecological implications of pedogenesis and geochemistry of ultramafic soils in Kinabalu Park (Malaysia)

In Sabah, Malaysia, ultramafic rock outcrops are widespread (totalling 3500 km2, one of the main outcrops in the tropical zone), and predominantly of the peridotite type. However, strongly serpentinised peridotite is also locally common, particularly along fault lines in the Mt. Kinabalu area. This study aimed to determine the extent of chemical variation in ultramafic soils in relation to the degree of serpentinisation and the weathering intensity, and consequent potential ecological implications linked to resulting soil chemical fertility. It was hypothesized that young soils and soils derived from bedrock with a significant degree of serpentinisation strongly differ from typical Geric Ferralsols and result in soil chemistries with more adverse properties to plant life (e.g. low availability of the essential nutrients N, P, K and Ca and high concentrations of potentially phytotoxic Mg and Ni). Ultramafic soil diversity linked to the age of the soil or the degree of serpentinisation would thus be a main factor of plant diversity and distribution. The diverse topography of Kinabalu Park (ultramafic soils present between 400 and 2950 m asl) has given rise to high pedodiversity with the broad overall ultramafic soil types being: (i) deep laterite soils (Geric Ferralsols); (ii) moderately deep montane soils (Dystric Cambisols) with mor humus; (iii) shallow skeletal soils at high altitude (Eutric Cambisols Hypermagnesic); and (iv) bare serpentinite soils (Hypereutric Leptosols Hypermagnesic) at low altitude (200–700 m asl). Leptosols on serpentinite and Eutric Cambisols have the most extreme chemical properties in the whole Kinabalu Park area both with very high Mg:Ca molar quotients, with either high available Ni (Cambisols) or high pH (Leptosols). These soils host specific and adapted vegetation (high level of endemism) that tolerates geochemical peculiarities, including Ni hyperaccumulators. Geric Ferralsols present far less chemical constraints than Hypermagnesian Cambisols soils to the vegetation and host a tall and very diverse rainforest, not so different than that on non-ultramafic soils. It therefore appears that altitude, soil age and degree of bedrock serpentinisation are the main determining factors of soil properties: the qualifier “ultramafic” alone is not sufficient to define soil geochemical and ecological conditions in the Kinabalu Park area, probably more than in any other ultramafic region in the world

GROWING RICE GRAIN WITH CONTROLLED CADMIUM CONCENTRATIONS

Two solution studies were conducted a) to investigate the uptake of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) by rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) and interaction between these elements, and b) to determine experimental conditions for growing rice grain with desired Cd concentration for an animal feeding study. In both studies, free metal activities of cadmium and cationic microelements were buffered by an excess of chelating agents. The first study was a factorial design with two Zn levels (1.0 and 3.89 μM) and four Cd levels (0.81, 1.44, 2.56 and 4.55 μM) in the solution. In the second study, rice was grown in two solutions of different micro and macro-element compositions and three Cd levels (0.0, 0.5, and 2.0 μM). In the first study, solution Zn concentration of 3.89 μM and corresponding free metal activity (pZn2+) of 6.00 was toxic to young rice plants. With time, Zn concentrations in rice plants decreased while Cd concentrations increased. Toxic concentration of Cd in roots (about 100 mg kg-1) associated with a 20% reduction in the root dry matter occurred at the free Cd2+ activities in the solution (pCd2+) in the range of 10.25–9.75. Sufficient Zn level in plants slightly stimulated Cd transfer from roots to shoots as opposed to barely sufficient or slightly deficient Zn concentration in shoots. However, the better Zn status in plants clearly diminished severity of Cd toxicity symptoms in shoots. The use of nutrient solutions adapted for rice growth allowed the rice grown in the second experiment to produce grain under controlled conditions. Cadmium in the brown rice grain was 0.1 to 0.8 mg kg-1, covering the range needed for feeding experiments relevant to rice Cd risk to humans. Composition of the nutrient solutions, in addition to solution Cd level, had a significant effect on Cd concentration in grain. Correlation of grain Cd concentration with solution Cd2+ activity was much stronger than with total solution Cd. Results of both experiments supported hypothesis that Cd uptake and transport within rice plants is an active process

The role of partnership networks in channel management on the YouTube platform

Celem niniejszej pracy było opisanie i wyjaśnienie specyfiki działalności sieci MCN oraz zbadanie ich roli w procesie twórczym zrzeszonych youtuberów. Praca oparta jest na badaniach jakościowych, w związku z tym zostały one przeprowadzone na przykładzie jednej z polskich agencji świadczących takie usługi. Badania stanowią m.in. wywiady z różnymi interesariuszami organizacji. Ponadto praca objaśnia teoretyczne zagadnienia związane z tematyką zarządzania humanistycznego i nowych mediów.The aim of the following MA dissertation was the description and explanation of the characteristics of MCNs operations, and the study of their role in affiliated youtubers' creative process. This paper is based on qualitative research, that is why it was conducted on the example of one of the Polish organizations that provide such services. The research is determined i.a. by interviews with various stakeholders. Moreover, this MA dissertation explains theoretical issues concerning humanities management and new media