Distribution network monitoring:Interaction between EU legal conditions and state estimation accuracy

The expected increase in uncertainty regarding energy consumption and production from intermittent distributed energy resources calls for advanced network control capabilities and (household) customer flexibility in the distribution network. Depending on the control applications deployed, grid monitoring capabilities that accurately capture the system operation state are required. In order to establish such monitoring capabilities, several technical and legal challenges relating to monitoring accuracy, user privacy, and cost efficiency need to be tackled. As these aspects have complex mutual interdependencies, a universal approach for realising distribution network monitoring is not straightforward. Therefore, this article highlights these issues and proposes a method to evaluate monitoring accuracy and the proportionality of personal data processing, and to illustrate the interdependencies between finding the legal grounds for data processing and the monitoring accuracy the processed data produces. To illustrate the method, several test cases are presented, in which the accuracy of network monitoring is assessed for different measurement configurations, followed by an analysis on the legality of the configurations

Photon shot-noise limited transient absorption soft X-ray spectroscopy at the European XFEL

Femtosecond transient soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a very promising technique that can be employed at X-ray Free Electron Lasers (FELs) to investigate out-of-equilibrium dynamics for material and energy research. Here we present a dedicated setup for soft X-rays available at the Spectroscopy & Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument at the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL). It consists of a beam-splitting off-axis zone plate (BOZ) used in transmission to create three copies of the incoming beam, which are used to measure the transmitted intensity through the excited and unexcited sample, as well as to monitor the incoming intensity. Since these three intensity signals are detected shot-by-shot and simultaneously, this setup allows normalized shot-by-shot analysis of the transmission. For photon detection, the DSSC imaging detector, which is capable of recording up to 800 images at 4.5 MHz frame rate during the FEL burst, is employed and allows approaching the photon shot-noise limit. We review the setup and its capabilities, as well as the online and offline analysis tools provided to users.Comment: 11 figure

Symmetry-dependent ultrafast manipulation of nanoscale magnetic domains

Femtosecond optical pumping of magnetic materials has been used to achieve ultrafast switching and recently to nucleate symmetry-broken magnetic states. However, when the magnetic order parameter already presents a broken-symmetry state, such as a domain pattern, the dynamics are poorly understood and consensus remains elusive. Here, we resolve the controversies in the literature by studying the ultrafast response of magnetic domain patterns with varying degrees of translation symmetry with ultrafast x-ray resonant scattering. A data analysis technique is introduced to disentangle the isotropic and anisotropic components of the x-ray scattering. We find that the scattered intensity exhibits a radial shift restricted to the isotropic component, indicating that the far-from-equilibrium magnetization dynamics are intrinsically related to the spatial features of the domain pattern. Our results suggest alternative pathways for the spatiotemporal manipulation of magnetism via far-from-equilibrium dynamics and by carefully tuning the ground-state magnetic textures

Correction:How the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the necessity of animal research (vol 30, pg R1014, 2020)

(Current Biology 30, R1014–R1018; September 21, 2020) As a result of an author oversight in the originally published version of this article, a number of errors were introduced in the author list and affiliations. First, the middle initials were omitted from the names of several authors. Second, the surname of Dr. van Dam was mistakenly written as “Dam.” Third, the first name of author Bernhard Englitz was misspelled as “Bernard” and the surname of author B.J.A. Pollux was misspelled as “Pullox.” Finally, Dr. Keijer's first name was abbreviated rather than written in full. These errors, as well as various errors in the author affiliations, have now been corrected online

Factors Associated with Revision Surgery after Internal Fixation of Hip Fractures

Background: Femoral neck fractures are associated with high rates of revision surgery after management with internal fixation. Using data from the Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) trial evaluating methods of internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures, we investigated associations between baseline and surgical factors and the need for revision surgery to promote healing, relieve pain, treat infection or improve function over 24 months postsurgery. Additionally, we investigated factors associated with (1) hardware removal and (2) implant exchange from cancellous screws (CS) or sliding hip screw (SHS) to total hip arthroplasty, hemiarthroplasty, or another internal fixation device. Methods: We identified 15 potential factors a priori that may be associated with revision surgery, 7 with hardware removal, and 14 with implant exchange. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses in our investigation. Results: Factors associated with increased risk of revision surgery included: female sex, [hazard ratio (HR) 1.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-2.50; P = 0.001], higher body mass index (fo

Built-in self-diagnostics for a NoC-based reconfigurable IC for dependable beamforming applications

Integrated circuits (IC) targeting at the streaming applications for tomorrow are becoming a fast growing market. Applications such as beamforming require mass computing capability on a single chip as well as flexibility to adapt to new algorithms. A reconfigurable IC with many processing tiles based on the Network-on-Chip architecture is considered ideal for such applications as it balances efficiency and flexibility. Due to the highly regular arrangement of the processing tiles connected by the communication network, it is possible to adopt new Design-for-X strategies to improve the dependability of the reconfigurable IC. The communication network can be reused as a test-access mechanism. On-chip deterministic test pattern generators can multicast test-vectors through the network to the cores under test and test responses from multiple cores can be collected and analyzed by a test result evaluator. The faulty core, or functional parts of it, will be labeled and isolated from the whole system by re-mapping the computing resources and thus improve the dependability of the whole system

Built-In Self-Diagnostics for a NoC-Based Reconfigurable IC for Dependable Beamforming Applications

Integrated circuits (IC) targeting at the streaming applications for tomorrow are becoming a fast growing market. Applications such as beamforming require mass computing capability on a single chip as well as flexibility to adapt to new algorithms. A reconfigurable IC with many processing tiles based on the Network-on-Chip architecture is considered ideal for such applications as it balances efficiency and flexibility. Due to the highly regular arrangement of the processing tiles connected by the communication network, it is possible to adopt new Design-for-X strategies to improve the dependability of the reconfigurable IC. The communication network can be reused as a test-access mechanism. On-chip deterministic test pattern generators can multicast test-vectors through the network to the cores under test and test responses from multiple cores can be collected and analyzed by a test result evaluator. The faulty core, or functional parts of it, will be labeled and isolated from the whole system by re-mapping the computing resources and thus improve the dependability of the whole system