Changes In The Rules For Granting State Aid To Enterprises In The European Union

The purpose of this paper is to present the directions of allocation of state aid in the EU countries during 2000-2011, and answer the question whether the resolutions contained in the Lisbon Strategy have been implemented. The research hypothesis is: have the changes in the size, direction and allocation of state aid taken place in accordance with the resolutions of the Lisbon Strategy.Celem przeprowadzonej analizy jest odpowiedź na pytanie, w jakim stopniu postanowienia Strategii Lizbońskiej w odniesieniu do pomocy publicznej są realizowane w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Sformułować można następującą hipotezę badawczą: obserwowane w ostatnich latach zmiany w wielkości, kierunkach alokacji oraz formach pomocy publicznej są zgodne z wytycznymi Strategii Lizbońskiej w odniesieniu do pomocy publicznej

The transition of the Polish real estate market within a Central and Eastern European context

The real estate market in Poland is a relatively immature market, but one that has been experiencing substantial transformation. The development of the market has been encouraged by a number of factors, including changes arising as a result of new legislation and the migration of capital between capital markets. The progress of the real estate sector towards a western style competitive market has taken place within the gradual transformation of the Polish economy into a free market economy. As investment grade property is in relatively short supply in Poland, investors consider opportunities within the wider CEE block. An analysis of the risk-return characteristics of the three largest CEE real estate markets namely, Poland, Hungary and Czech Republic, shows that the returns in these markets have been negatively correlated with the UK. As these economies and markets evolve, and being part of the wider EU trading block, their economic performance will slowly converge and become more synchronized with their western counterparts. However, the catch-up of the CEE markets to western European performance cycles will be protracted and consequently there are likely to be significant ongoing portfolio risk reduction opportunitie

Problemy świadomości chłopów polskich okolic Bytowa

Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Energy policy of Liechtenstein

Liechtenstein is the fourth smallest country in Europe, which determines the low economic importance of this country on the international arena. Therefore, Liechtenstein is usually overlooked in the analysis of economic policies in various countries, including the energy sector. However, the analysis of such a small country brings a valuable complement to researches on potential and challenges with regard to the implementation of energy transformation policy especially taking into account the countries with poor capabilities. It should be emphasised that due to difficult geographical conditions and strong external influences, deepened analysis of the process of formulating energy policy in Liechtenstein should arouse the interest of those countries that suffer geographical disadvantages to strengthen their energy security

Pomoc publiczna jako instrument wspierania polskich przedsiębiorstw w okresie kryzysu finansowego

Economic crises affect all micro- and macroeconomic areas. Particularly vulnerable to unfavorable changes are enterprises where crisis situations are present. They are reflected by falling sales and profitability, increased debt, decreased liquidity and creditability, and inability to pay obligations. In situations of crisis enterprises are often unable to cope with these problems on their own. Then, the state helps enterprises with “soft financing”. The purpose of this paper is to present the state support for entrepreneurs in times of economic crisis in Poland between 2000 and 2010. This paper will be subject to verify three research hypotheses: 1. In a period of recession the intensity of state aid is increasing. 2. Economic crisis leads to changes in financing of state aid – increasing the share of passive forms. 3. Economic downturn leads to reallocation of state aid trends – increase the importance of aid for rescue and restructuring, as well as R&D (R&D&I) and the labor market

Rozwój własnych jednostek zaplecza produkcyjno-usługowego

Zadanie pt. Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę

Fundusze strukturalne jako instrument wspierania przedsiębiorstw

In the moment of the accession to the European Union Poland became one of the greater incumbents of the help originating from EU’s sources. The wide of help causes that businessmen, territorial autonomies, engaged, unemployed persons and Departments of Labour can profit financial aid. At present EU funds arc accessible in two forms: community programmes and structural funds. The access of firms to structural funds and many community programmes make possible among other things the increase of competitiveness, of research and the initiation of new technological solutions, strengthening of ties between the R&D sections and companies, initiation of ecological investment and professional schooling of workers. Whether these resources will become effectively used and will contribute to the realization of the basic EU’s aim it will depend to great extend on the companies itself. The purpose of this article is to show and up to date use of these funds for Polish firms in the first period of the programming (2004-2006).Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 zostało dofinansowane ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę