Testing cryopreserved European eel sperm for hybridization (A. japonica × A. anguilla)

[EN] The objective of this study was to assess impact of cryopreserved European eel sperm and Japanese eel native sperm on early fertilization, hatch, survival, and malformation rates of larvae, as well as develop molecular techniques to distinguish different eel species. Eggs from Japanese eel females (Anguilla japonica) were artificially fertilized with sperm of Japanese eel males and cryopreserved sperm from European eel (A. anguilla, extender was modified Tanaka solution and methanol as cryoprotectant). There were no statistical differences (p¿>¿0.05) among the measured parameters such as fertilization, hatch and survival after 10 days post-hatch rates due to large individual differences. The malformation rate of larvae compared to the hatching rate was higher in cryopreserved groups than in the control indicating that the methodology needs further refinement. Genetic analyses (PCR-RFLP, PCR-HRM) proved a clear result in the detection of paternal contribution in hybridization between the Japanese and the European eel and applied PCR-HRM method is a quick and cost effective tool to identify illegally imported A. anguilla at the glass eel stage, which can be transported from Europe to Asia.The research was supported by The Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) Kakenhi Grant No.15K07562 and Tokyo University of Agriculture Strategic Research Program (TUA-SRP), Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund (grant number 12252178), GINOP-2.3.2-15-2016-00054 project of the National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary and EFOP-3.6.3-VEKOP-16-2017-00008 project. The project is co-financed by the European Union, the European Social Fund and KMR_12-1-2012-0435.Müller, T.; Matsubara, H.; Kubara, Y.; Horváth, Á.; Kolics, B.; Taller, J.; Stéger, V.... (2018). Testing cryopreserved European eel sperm for hybridization (A. japonica × A. anguilla). Theriogenology. 113:153-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.02.021S15315811

The involvement of activated T cells and growth-factor production in the early and late phase of chronic kidney allograft nephropathy in rats.

T cells are thought to play a regulatory role in chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN). Thus, we investigated whether lymphocyte inhibition influences CAN. Fisher rat (F-344) kidneys were transplanted orthotopically into Lewis rats. Animals received cyclosporin A (1.5 mg/kg per day, s.c.) for 10 days and were treated daily with either cyclosporin A (1.5 mg/kg), tacrolimus (0.16 mg/kg), or a vehicle thereafter ( n=15 per group). Kidneys were harvested at 16 or 24 weeks. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interleukin-2 receptor beta (IL-2Rbeta) mRNA synthesis were intense at 16 weeks and decreased thereafter. Unsurprisingly, both cyclosporin A and tacrolimus significantly inhibited IL-2 and IL-2Rbeta at both time points. Proteinuria increased more rapidly in controls than in treated animals. Morphologically, over 40% of glomeruli were sclerosed by 16 weeks in controls, and ED-1+ macrophages and CD5+ T cells infiltrated the graft. IL-2 mRNA synthesis paralleled the number of infiltrating cells. Inhibition of T-cell proliferation significantly reduced glomerulosclerosis and leukocyte infiltration at both time points. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) synthesis were highly upregulated in controls at 16 weeks, the time of peak infiltration. At 24 weeks, as cellular infiltration was replaced by scar formation, TGF-beta(1) mRNA returned to normal, while PDGF did not. Inhibition of T cells prevented the upregulation of TGF-beta(1) at both time points; however, PDGF was suppressed only at week 16. These results indicate a beneficial effect of continuous suppression of T cells in CAN. T cells are probably more important in the early, inflammatory phase