Importación de leche en polvo en México: la utopía de la autosuficiencia lechera

El estudio discute algunos aspectos del déficit de la producción lechera en el país. La mayoría de los análisis realizados a la fecha sobre dicha problemática coinciden en señalar que la baja rentabilidad de la ganadería lechera se debe en gran parte a los altos costos de alimentación del hato lechero estabulado. Por lo pronto, en 1990 el país importará 280 000 toneladas de leche en polvo para cubrir la demanda del mercado nacional del lácteo

Forage Yield and Soil Moisture Content in \u3cem\u3ePanicum Maximum\u3c/em\u3e cv. Tanzania Monoculture and in a Mixture with \u3cem\u3eLeucaena Leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e with Different Densities in Mexico

Cattle production is limited by forage availability during the dry season since water and soil fertility are the main factors limiting production. Leucaena leucocephala has good nutritive value (24-30% CP). It can stand drought and grazing and so its introduction into pastures is recommended as an alternative to forage production during the dry season. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the introduction of L. leucocephala with different densities on biomass production of P. maximum and soil water content

Supplementation with \u3ci\u3eBrosimum alicastrum\u3c/i\u3e Swartz to Pelibuey Sheep Fed Low Quality Rations

The objective of the present study was to assess the influence of supplementing increasing levels of ramón (Brosimum alicastrum) foliage to Pelibuey sheep fed guinea grass (Panicum maximum) hay. Rate and extent of rumen degradation of organic matter (OM) and crude protein (CP) of ramón foliage were high. Dry matter (DM) intake of the diet was increased by the inclusion of ramón foliage. However, rate and extent of digestion of guinea grass was not affected by the ramón foliage. Rate of passage of solid was linearly increased as a result of the inclusion of ramón foliage in the ration. Supply of microbial N to the small intestine was significantly increased by the tree foliage. Ramón foliage is a suitable source of nutrients for ruminant during the dry season in tropical Mexico

Intake and Yield of \u3ci\u3eCynodon nlemfuensis\u3c/i\u3e Alone and Associated with \u3ci\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/i\u3e Grazed by Sheep

The objective of the present study was to determine dry matter intake (DMI) and the forage yield of green dry matter (GDM) of star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis) alone and associated with Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú grazed by sheep. The experimental treatments were: Systems T1) Star grass alone, and T2) Star grass + L. leucocephala. These treatments were evaluated during three seasons (i.e. Late-rainy, Dry and Rainy seasons). The availability of forage was lower (P \u3c 0.0001) in T1, 2543 kg GDM/ha, than with T2, 3092 kg GDM/ha. Green dry matter in the rainy season was greater (P \u3c 0.0001), with 3910 kg GDM/ha, than in the late-rainy and dry seasons, 2492 and 2052 kg GDM/ha, respectively. DMI was 5.9 and 7.6 g DM/kg of LW 0.75/hour for the T1 and T2, respectively (P \u3c 0.0001). DMI during the rainy season was lower (P \u3c 0.01) than that of the dry and late-rainy seasons, 6.2, 6.4 and 7.5 g DM/kg LW0.75/hour, respectively. The association C. nlemfuensis-L. leucocephala increased the availability of forage and the voluntary intake

Effect of dried leaves of Leucaena leucocephala on rumen fermentation, rumen microbial population, and enteric methane production in crossbred heifers

The effects of dietary inclusion of dried Leucaena leucocephala leaves (DLL) on nutrient digestibility, fermentation parameters, microbial rumen population, and production of enteric methane (CH4) in crossbred heifers were evaluated. Four heifers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four periods and four levels of inclusion of DLL: 0%, 12%, 24%, and 36% of dry matter (DM) intake. Results showed that DM intake (DMI), organic matter intake, and gross energy intake (GEI) were similar (p > 0.05) among treatments. Apparent digestibility of organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and energy decreased with increasing levels of DLL in the ration (p 0.05) rumen pH and total volatile fatty acids. Rumen microbial community was not affected (p > 0.05) by treatment. There was a linear reduction (p < 0.05) in CH4 emissions as the levels of DLL in the ration were increased. Results of this study suggest that an inclusion of 12% DM of ration as DLL enhances digestible CP and reduces daily production of enteric CH4 without adversely affecting DMI, rumen microbial population, and fermentation parameters

Avances de investigación en producción animal en Iberoamérica

Publishe

Root Density in \u3cem\u3ePanicum maximum\u3c/em\u3e cv. Tanzania Monoculture and in a Mixture with \u3cem\u3eLeucaena leucocephala\u3c/em\u3e with Different Densities in Mexico

In Yucatan cattle production is limited by forage availability during the dry season. L. leucocephala has good nutritive value (24 - 30% CP) and can stand drought and grazing, therefore its use in mixture with grasses is recommended. However, in association both species could compete for light, water and nutrients. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of introduction of L. leucocephala with different densities on root density of P. maximum

Effect of Defoliation Frequency on Forage Yield from Intensive Silvopastoral Systems Compared to a Monoculture Grassland

Livestock production in the tropical regions of the world faces serious constraints as a result of climate change. Monoculture based pastures require the use of large amounts of nitrogen fertilizers to sustain production throughout the year. In general terms, tropical grasses are of low quality and when consumed by ruminant species, contribute to the emission of greenhouse gases (methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide) (Herrero et al. 2009; Place et al. 2009). The establishment of intensive silvopastoral systems (iSPS) with associated shrubs legumes and grasses can increase the yield and quality of forage as well as fixation and transfer of atmospheric nitrogen (N) (Murgueitio et al. 2011). Therefore, the costs of nitrogen fertilizers and the emissions of greenhouse gases under practical conditions can be reduced. The intensive silvopastoral system is a kind of agroforestal practice that it is environmentally friendly and at the same time improves productivity of livestock systems. However, several aspects of its management have not been fully evaluated. This is the case of the response to defoliation, which is an important management factor associated to the overall biomass productivity (Solorio 2005)